高频燃烧-红外吸收光谱法测定钢铁中超低含量的碳硫

通过对气体净化,坩埚处理,试样处理及称样量选择,助熔剂种类及用量等因素的优化,建立了钢铁中超低含量碳硫的测定方法,实验结果表明:比较器水平设为1%,分析时间设为45s,坩埚在1 350℃下预烧45min,选择钨作为助熔剂且使用前在140℃烘3h,助熔剂用量为1.5g,称样量为0.5g时,是分析钢铁中碳硫含量在0.001%~0.01%的最佳条件,方法重复性好,准确度高,在实际操作中切实可行。     

高频感应燃烧红外线吸收法测定镍钛铌记忆合金中碳含量

建立高频感应燃烧–红外吸收测定镍钛铌记忆合金中碳含量的方法。对称样质量、助熔剂种类选择及加入量、空白坩埚的处理、仪器分析参数进行优化后,确定实验方案:称样质量0.5 g,助熔剂选用1.0 g钨锡粒,坩埚使用前于1 100℃中灼烧4 h后自然冷却,保存于干燥器中,仪器分析高频功率设定为1.54 k W。在选定的实验条件下,以钢铁标准样品绘制单点校准曲线,以钛合金标准物质IARM 271A验证曲线准确性,建立了高频燃烧红外吸收测定镍钛铌记忆合金中碳含量的方法。采用该方法分别对记忆合金样品NiTiNb–59炉、NiTiNb–40炉中碳含量进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为3.42%,2.76%(n=10),在两样品中分别加入Leco501–501–1~#及AR871碳标准样品进行回收试验,回收率在96%~106%之间。该方法精密度好,准确性高,可用于镍钛铌记忆合金中碳含量的测定。     

基于五元助熔剂的高频-红外吸收法测定硅铁中碳、硫含量

以EMIA-820V型高频-红外碳硫分析仪为测量仪器,采用W,Sn,Fe,M o和Ni混合的五元助熔剂法对硅铁中C,S的含量进行了测定。通过对分析电流、称样量、助熔剂配比等条件实验的优化,确定了最佳分析条件为:分析电流175 m A,称样量0.106~0.156g,助熔剂配比W 1.2 g+Sn 0.5 g+Fe 0.5 g+M o 0.045 g+Ni 0.05 g。结果熔样后坩埚光滑无飞溅,数据精密度RSD7.0%,测定范围为C:0.0030%~0.025%,S:0.0030%~0.025%。本方法相比国标方法实现了碳、硫同时测定,扩大了碳、硫测定的含量范围。本法可满足硅铁合金中碳、硫量的日常分析,且为硅铁合金中碳、硫量分析的国家标准修订提供依据,为多元助熔剂法的应用提供参考。     

高频燃烧红外吸收光谱法测定铪合金中碳

通过对称样量、助熔剂、最短分析时间和比较器水平、分析功率等条件进行了优化选择,建立了高频燃烧红外碳硫分析仪对铪合金中碳含量的分析方法。确定采用称样量为0.4g,助熔剂选择为Fe+Sn+W=0.5g+0.1g+1.3g,最短分析时间为45s,比较器水平为1,分析功率选择100%的条件对铪合金中碳含量进行测定。方法用于测定铪合金实际样品中碳的相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.0%,加标回收率为99%～102%。方法重复性好,准确度高,在实际操作中切实可行。     

高频红外碳硫仪测定地球化学样品中有机碳

利用高频红外碳硫仪，建立盐酸预处理-红外吸收法测定地球化学样品中有机碳含量的分析方法。对样品的称取量、助熔剂的添加量、盐酸溶液的体积分数等条件进行了优化。高频红外碳硫分析仪专用陶瓷坩埚经过1 200℃高温处理后，能够有效降低空白值。优化后的分析条件为：确定称样量为50 mg，使用体积分数为40%的盐酸溶液，选择0.5 g纯铁屑和1.5 g钨粒作为助熔剂；对土壤和水系沉积物等不同类型的地球化学样品进行6次测定，选择国家一级标准物质作为实验对象，其检测结果的相对误差为0.23%～3.63%，相对标准偏差为0.592%～4.551%，符合《多目标区域地球化学调查规范》规定，满足分析测试要求。该方法测定结果准确、稳定，流程短、操作简单，适用于地球化学样品中有机碳含量的测定。     

高频感应燃烧红外吸收法测定硅碳复合负极材料中的碳

采用高频感应燃烧红外吸收法测定硅碳复合负极材料中碳含量。分别考察了称样量,助熔剂种类、用量对测定结果的影响,确定了称样量为100～200 mg,以1.5 g钨粒、0.8 g铁粒和0.3 g锡粒为助熔剂。碳的线性相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.84μg/g,测定下限为2.8μg/g。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.83%～2.02%(n=11),样品加标回收率为97.6%～101.1%。该方法快速、准确,适用于硅碳复合负极材料中碳含量的测定。     

惰性气体熔融-热导法测定硅材料中的氧

采用惰性气体熔融–热导法测定硅材料中杂质氧的含量。经试验确定了仪器的最佳分析条件:称样量为0.05～0.15g,分析功率为4 500 W,使用镍助熔剂、座坩埚;采用(30+40)s二次腐蚀方法处理助熔剂,以降低助熔剂的空白值。选择与待测试样性质类似、氧含量接近的标准物质校正仪器,氧的质量在0.01～0.30 mg之间与信号积分面积呈良好的线性,线性相关系数r=0.999 8,方法检出限为27μg/g。对氧含量不同的硅材料试样进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%～3.4%(n=11),加标回收率为96.2%～99.2%。该方法操作简单快捷,测定结果准确。     

高频红外吸收法测定钽粉、铌粉和碳化钽中的碳

用HCS-140型高频红外碳硫分析仪测定钽粉、铌粉、碳化钽中的碳,进行了助熔剂、称样量、氧气流量试验,在不需测硫的情况下,采用铜和钨作助熔剂、称样量为0．5g、氧气流量为2L／min时,测定结果满足分析要求。     

高频炉燃烧-红外吸收光谱法测定高镍耐蚀合金中碳硫

提出了高频炉燃烧-红外吸收光谱法测定高镍耐蚀合金中碳硫的方法,对试验条件进行了优化,选择钨锡混合助熔剂用量为0.6 g,样品称样量为0.5 g,碳的分析时间为35 s,硫的分析时间为60 s。取标准样品(IARM 67B,IARM 69C,IARM 60B)进行准确度和精密度试验,测定结果与认定值相符,碳和硫的相对标准偏差(n=10)分别小于4%和30%。     

高频红外碳硫仪快速测定镍基高温合金中碳、硫

建立了高频红外碳硫仪快速测定镍基高温合金中碳、硫的方法。通过对样品称样量、助熔剂的选择及加入量等方面考察,确定了镍基高温合金样品的最佳测定条件。结果表明,称取样品、钨锡助熔剂各1.0 g左右时,测定效果最佳,碳和硫的方法检出限分别为0.000 11%、0.000 03%,方法测定下限分别为0.000 44%、0.000 12%,测定值的相对标准偏差为0.51%～2.38%(n=6),相对误差均小于5%。该方法适合于镍基高温合金中碳、硫含量的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.