先天性胆总管囊肿的影像学检查

目的分析各种影像学检查对先天性胆总管囊肿诊断的准确性和误诊原因。方法近5年来经B超、ERCP、腹部CT、MRCP等影像学检查并手术证实14例先天性胆总管囊肿病人，用回顾性方法将影像学检查结果和误诊原因进行分析。结果各种影像学检查诊断准确率为：B超64．3％；ERCP85．7％；CT92．9％；MRCP100％。误诊原因：B超在囊肿合并结石时易误诊，经验不足也是另一原因；ERCP主要是插管困难造成检查失败，也有因囊肿过大无法完全显影；CT主要是经验不足。结论各种影像学检查都有较高的准确性，也各有优点：B超安全易行、价格低廉；ERCP可以完整地显示囊肿和胆总管的形态及相互问的关系；CT无痛苦、准确性高，对ERCP漏诊的囊肿合并结石病例也能准确诊断，MRCP诊断准确性高，但价格较昂贵。影像学检查除MRCP，都有漏诊的可能。     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿恶变1例

患者女 ,2 8岁 ,上腹痛反复发作 10余年。呈间歇性钝痛 ,无寒热、黄疸病史 ,每年发作数次不等。近 1月来腹痛发作较前频繁 ,呕吐 3次 ,均为胃内容物。查体 :腹部平软 ,剑突下偏右侧轻压痛 ,肝脾不大 ,未触及腹部包块 ,肠鸣音正常。实验室检查 :血、尿、粪常规正常。肝功、胆红素、生化及乙型肝炎五项指标均未查见异常。B超示左、右肝管均扩张 ,测径为 2 .2 cm,肝实质可 ,胆总管全程囊性扩张 (7.0 cm× 3.8cm ) ,壁厚 ,内透声可。结论 :胆总管囊肿。 MR胆总管成像 :胆总管呈囊性扩张 ,最大径 4.6 cm,边界清 ,扩张胆总管内未见异常信号区 ,…     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿诊治体会

1987年1月～1994年3月,我们对6例成人先天性胆总管囊肿病人采用手术治疗,现报告如下。1 临床资料 本组男1例,女5例;年龄17～48岁,平均33岁。腹痛5例,腹部肿块、黄疸各4例,发热、寒战3例。典型三联症者3例。     

先天性胆总管囊肿36例诊治体会

胆总管囊肿是一种先天性疾病,临床较少见,可在各年龄组出现症状。1990年1月至1999年12月,我院共收治该病患者36例,现结合临床资料将其诊治体会介绍如下。1　临床资料本组男8例,女28例,男女之比为1∶3.5;年龄最小7个月,最大47岁,平均17.6岁。临床表现为腹痛27例,黄疸或曾有黄疸病史18例,腹部肿块20例,同时有上述三项表现者6例。术前均行B超检查,确诊35例(97.2%);CT检查24例、PTC2例、磁共振检查3例,均确诊。行X线钡餐胃肠透视2例,均可见胃左移,十二指肠腔扩大呈弧形压迹。均未行胆囊造影或静脉胆道造影。按Alonso-Todani法分型,型31例、…     

成人先天性胆总管囊肿9例的治疗体会

目的 总结成人先天性胆总管囊肿诊治体会.方法 对2002～2009年间收治的9例女性成人先天性胆管囊肿的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 7例有胆道炎症表现,5例黄疸,1例有癌变.均为影像学诊断确诊.9例均手术切除囊肿加内引流,均顺利恢复出院.随访2年,无结石复发.癌变患者2年后由于广泛转移死亡.结论 成人先天性胆总管囊肿以囊肿切除并内引流为主,效果满意.     

囊肿切除胆道重建治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

近年来,临床上多主张施行囊肿切除、肝总管—空肠Roux—Y式吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿。我们在施行胆总管横断胆肠吻合时受到启发,将胆总管囊肿横行切断分为两部分,分别切除后再行肝总管空肠吻合。现已采用此术式治疗先天性胆总管囊肿     

先天性胆总管囊肿诊断中介入超声的应用

先天性胆总管囊肿是指胆总管局部的囊性扩张，属先天性发育畸形，由于认识不足，常难以及时确诊。超声检查简便易行，费用低廉，对囊肿诊断敏感性高，超声引导下穿刺造影能迅速明确诊断，可避免延误诊断。现将介入超声在3例最后经手术证实的胆总管囊肿病例中的应用情况报告如下。     

先天性胆总管囊肿的治疗体会

1992～2004年。我们采取胆囊切除 囊肿切除 肝总管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合矩形瓣防反流术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿(CCC)27例，取得了良好效果。现报告如下。     

小儿先天性胆总管囊肿腹腔镜手术治疗后并发胆管炎的危险因素分析

目的 探讨小儿先天性胆总管囊肿腹腔镜手术治疗后并发胆管炎的危险因素。方法 纳入湖南省儿童医院2018年6月至2022年6月明确诊断并已行腹腔镜手术治疗的小儿先天性胆总管囊肿85例,根据术后有无并发胆管炎分为并发组(n=14)及未并发组(n=71),对比两组患儿临床特征。logistic回归分析小儿先天性胆总管囊肿腹腔镜手术治疗后并发胆管炎的危险因素。结果 并发组贫血、合并胆道结石、囊肿直径>5 cm、术前白蛋白≤30 g/L、术中出血量>60 mL、术前总胆红素>1.7μmol/L分别为9例、11例、10例、10例、11例、12例,明显高于未并发组的28.17%(20/71)、40.85%(29/71)、30.99%(22/71)、42.25%(30/71)、45.07%(37/71)、35.21%(25/71)(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析证实,贫血、有合并胆道结石、囊肿直径>5 cm、术前白蛋白≤30 g/L、术中出血量>60 mL、术前总胆红素>1.7μmol/L均是小儿先天性胆总管囊肿腹腔镜手术治疗后并发胆管炎的危险因...     

完全腹腔镜下改良胆肠Warren吻合术治疗小儿先天性胆总管囊肿二例

<正>1病例介绍1.1病例1女,3岁,11.8 kg,因反复上腹隐痛2年于2014-04-22入院,既往无特殊的病史。入院时检查:体温36.6℃,呼吸26次/min,脉搏78次/min;神志清楚,查体合作;腹部平坦,无胃肠型及震动波,无腹壁静脉曲张,腹肌软,全腹部无压痛,未触及肿块,肝脏脾脏肋下未触及,肠鸣音正常,3~4次/min。外院腹部平扫CT:肝脏大小正常,胆总管明显扩张,     

完全腹腔镜手术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者疗效及安全性分析*

目的 探究完全腹腔镜手术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2012年2月~2018年5月在我院进行手术治疗的25例先天性胆总管囊肿患者的临床资料,其中接受传统开腹手术治疗者17),采用完全腹腔镜手术治疗者8例。结果 开腹组患者术后首次进食时间、肛门排气时间、排便时间、住院日和术中出血量分别为(5.0±1.7) d、(3.8±1.5)d、(4.7±1.8) d、(9.4±2.3) d和(241.6±15.3)mL,显著长于或多于腔镜组【分别为(3.0±1.1) d、(2.6±0.8) d、(3.1±1.3) d、(6.6±1.2) d和(94.0±9.7)mL,P<0.05】,但腔镜组手术时间为(278.3±60.5)min,显著长于开腹组【(231.7±41.2)min,P<0.05】;治疗后3 d,开腹组患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平为(77.4±6.4)mg/L ,显著高于腔镜组【(30.8±3.5)mg/L,P<0.05】;腔镜组和开腹组手术后并发症发生率分别为37.5%和58.8%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 完全腹腔镜手术治疗成人先天性胆总管囊肿患者疗效较好,与传统开腹手术比,术中出血量少,术后恢复快,不加重肝功能损伤。     

Surgical treatment of type IV choledochal cysts

The benefit of total resection of the dilated bile duct has remained unclear. We describe here our surgical management of 13 patients with type IV choledochal cysts. All six younger patients (25–35 years old) underwent resection of the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) and hepaticojejunostomy (HJ), whereas three of the seven older patients (50–68 years old) underwent resection of the EHBD resection and HJ, with the remaining four older patients undergoing total resection of the dilated bile duct and removal of a pancreatobiliary maljunction (PBMJ) in the form of a S4a+S5 hepatectomy (so-called Taj Mahal) and/or pancreas head resection with second portion pancreaticoduodenectomy. No malignancies were detected in the dilated bile duct after resection in the younger patients, but cancer of the gallbladder and/or the dilated bile duct was found in two (27.5%) of the older patients. No cancers were detected during the long-term follow up (1974–2008) in those patients who underwent EHBD resection plus partial hepatectomy, but cancer developed in the remnant duct in one of the older patients who underwent EHBD resection alone. Based on our findings, we recommend that type IV choledochal cysts should be treated by total excision of the dilated bile duct, including the PBMJ, due to its frequent association with malignancy, and to prevent the development of cancer in the remnant duct and improve the long-term survival rate.     

Endoscopic biliary drainage for children with persistent or exacerbated symptoms of choledochal cysts

Background

Symptoms of choledochal cysts sometimes persist or become exacerbated. As preoperative management for patients with these cysts, we prospectively employed endoscopic drainage, based on the theory that protein plugs cause symptoms by obstructing the pancreatobiliary ducts.

Methods

Children with choledochal cysts underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). When ERCP showed compaction with filling defects in patients with persistent or worsening symptoms (study patients), the placement of a short biliary stent tube was attempted for drainage. The clinical and ERCP findings of the study patients were compared with those of patients who were asymptomatic at ERCP (asymptomatic patients).

Results

There were 13 study patients (median age 2.9 years) and 41 asymptomatic patients (4.7 years) enrolled in the study between August 2005 and February 2011. Study patients more frequently had jaundice and elevated transaminase levels. ERCP showed that all study patients had obstruction or compacted filling defects in the common channel or the narrow segment distal to the cyst. Insertion of a stent tube was successful in 11 patients. Symptoms were relieved soon after biliary drainage. Surgery revealed that the obstructing materials were protein plugs, except in one case, which involved fatty acid calcium stones.

Conclusions

These results support the protein plug theory. Endoscopic short-tube stenting is adequate and effective as preoperative management.     

Diagnosis and treatment of congenital choledochal cyst: 20 years' experience in China

AIM To summarize the experience of diagnosis andtreatment of congenital choledochal cyst in the past 20years(1980-2000).METHODS The clinical data of 108 patients admitted from1980 to 2000 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Abdominal pain,jaundice and abdominal masswere presented in most child cases.Clinical symptoms inadult cases were non-specific,resulting in delayeddiagnosis frequently.Fifty-seven patients(52.7%)hadcoexistent pancreatiobiliary disease.Carcinoma of thebillary duct occurred in 18 patients(16.6%).Ultrasonicexamination was undertaken in 94 cases,ERCP performedin 46 cases and CT in 71 cases.All of the cases werecorrectly diagnosed before operation.Abnormalpancreatobiliary duct junction was found in 39 patients.Before 1985 the diagnosis and classification of congenitalcholedochal cyst were established by ultrasonographypreoperatively and confirmed during operation,the mainprocedures were internal drainage by cyst enterostomy.After 1985,the diagnosis was established by ERCP andCT,and cystectomy with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomywas the conventional procedures.In 1994,we reported anew and simplified operative procedure in order to reducethe risk of choledochal cyst malignancy.Postoperativecomplication was mainly retrograde infection of biliarytract,which could be controlled by the administration ofantibiotics,there was no perioperative mortality.CONCLUSION The concept in diagnosis and treatment ofcongenital choledochal cyst has obviously been changedgreatly.CT and ERCP were of great help in theclassification of the disease.Currently,cystectomy withRoux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is strongly recommendedas the choice for patients with type Ⅰ and type Ⅳ cysts.Piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation is indicated intype Ⅴ cysts(Caroli's disease)with frequently recurrentcholangitis.     

儿童肝母细胞瘤CT影像特征分析

目的 总结肝母细胞瘤（HB）儿童特征和腹部CT的表现。方法 2014年1月~2016年11月我院诊治的HB患儿94例,对全部患儿进行腹部CT扫描,获得影像学资料。结果 本组HB患儿Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期 44例,Ⅲ期 38例,Ⅳ期7例;肿瘤体积为29.1~3332.5 cm³,其中Ⅰ期大约为199.9±50.2cm³,Ⅱ期 为429.9±89.4 cm³,Ⅲ期为 419.2±112.3cm³,Ⅳ期为1121.0 ±213.5 cm³;肿瘤位于肝右叶45例（47.8%）、左右叶20例（21.3%）、左叶21例（22.3%）和尾叶8例（8.5%）,肿瘤与肝脏分界清楚73例（77.7%）、分界模糊21例（22.3%）,单发肿瘤81例（86.2%）、多发肿瘤13例（13.8%）,影像学表现为点片状50例（53.2%）、团块状33例（35.1%）和多种形态混合状11例（11.7%）;本组发生肿瘤远处转移38例（40.4%）,其中肺转移18例（47.4%）、骨转移12例（31.6%）、胸膜转移4例（10.5%）和淋巴结转移4例（10.5%）。结论 对HB患儿进行腹部CT检查可了解肿瘤的基本特征,早期发现肿瘤转移,有助于帮助决定选择手术方案。     

Long-term survival with carcinoma arising from a congenital choledochal cyst

We report a case of 11-year survival with carcinoma arising from a congenital choledochal cyst. A 34-year-old Japanese woman was admitted due to epigastric discomfort. Ultrasonography revealed a choledochal cyst involving a polypoid tumor. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed pancreaticobiliary maljunction in which the main pancreatic duct joined the dilated common bile duct 2 cm above the papilla of Vater. A choledochal cyst containing a polypoid tumor was resected with the regional lymph nodes. Grossly, a 2×2-cm papillary tumor was noted in the posterior wall of the choledochal cyst. Microscopically, the tumor was well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma invading the mucosa and fibromuscular layer. Neither anticancer chemotherapy nor radiotherapy was performed. The patient recovered uneventfully after the operation and has been well for 11 years without evidence of recurrent cancer. The good results in this patient may have been due to the early stage of the cancer.     

Multiple early bile duct carcinoma associated with congenital choledochal cyst

Emergency ultrasonography showed a protruding tumor in the markedly dilated common bile duct of a 33-year-old Japanese woman. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography also demonstrated the tumor clearly, almost as clearly as did percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. With a diagnosis of common bile duct carcinoma associated with congenital choledochal cyst, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. In the resected specimen, as well as the protruding tumor, there was also a small slightly elevated lesion. Pathology examination showed adenocarcinoma limited to the fibromuscular layer in the protruding tumor, and adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosa in the elevated lesion. Prophylactic total excision of the choledochal cyst before the occurrence of malignant change is strongly recommended in patients with congenital choledochal cyst. However, in those who are reluctant to undergo the operation, periodic follow-up with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography would be ideal to achieve early detection of malignant change. (Received May 9, 1997; accepted Sept. 26, 1997)     

Surgical treatment of choledochal cysts in children

Choledochal cyst is often associated with pancreatobiliary malunion, and pancreatic juice usually refluxes into the bile duct via the malunion. Various pathological conditions develop in the biliary tract, pancreas, and liver: cholangitis, biliary dilatation, biliary perforation, biliary cancer, acute pancreatitis, and/or biliary cirrhosis. The performance of cystenterostomy has recently been abandoned because of high morbidity after surgery. Accurate delineation of the biliary tree and the pancreatobiliary junction obtained by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or operative cholangiography is necessary. Cyst excision should be performed to prevent ascending cholangitis and biliary cancer. Many types of procedures are employed in biliary reconstruction, but free drainage of bile is imperative for preventing cholangitis and stone formation. This can be achieved only by a wide anastomosis performed at the hilum after ductoplasty.