可拒绝的秘书问题

§1 引言秘书问题是最优停止理论中一个重要而又研究得最多的模型。实际中许多最优选择问题都可化为秘书问题求解。设想有某经理要从N位姑娘中选择秘书,根据经理的标准,可以把这N位姑娘排出名次(第1名是最好的,第N名是最差的)。经理每次会见一名姑娘,通过面试决定取舍。如果录用当前的姑娘,则停止下面的会见,否则进行下一次会见,而且假定一名     

随机排列的伪顺序最小剖分

随机排列的最优剖分问题起源于对铁路调车计划的研究.最近,文给出了求最优拟顺序剖分的一个有效算法.本文引入伪顺序序列概念,证明了在该模型下随机排列的最小剖分方案可以由一个有效算法来得到.设π:α_     

随机排列最优成组剖分的算法

本文研究随机排列的最优成组剖分问题。这一问题源于铁路列车的最优调度计划方法的设计问题。寻找切实可行的有效算法是问题的焦点。1978年这一问题被列入文献的公开问题之一。1986年许国志、陈庆华和刘继勇提出猜测:此乃NP-完全问题,即多项式时间的算法可能不会存在,除非NP=P。 本文引入一种强同构剪枝策略,以标号树形上的隐式枚举法为工具,得到了上述问题精确最优解的一个算法。其计算时间复杂度为O(n³2^n-2),其中n为随机排列中相异数字的个数。算法在给定n的条件下,     

关于汽轮机叶片动平衡的一个最优排序问题

本文讨论在汽轮机转子设计中提出的叶片最优排序问题.它可以转化为特殊的二次分配问题,但由于规模较大,一般的二次分配问题算法(如分枝定界法)难以应用.本文的主要结果是导出最优排列的一个必要条件,由此建立两种实用的启发式算法.一、问题的力学提法     

具有错位限制且工件可退化的单机重新排序问题

重新排序问题是在原始工件已经按照某种最优规则排列时有一批新的工件到达,新工件的安排使得原始工件重新排序而产生错位.考虑了加权序列错位以及加权时间错位限制条件下具有退化工件,目标函数为最小化总完工时间和最小化总延误时间问题.工件的位置错位和时间错位限制条件下具有退化工件,目标函数为最小化总完工时间和最小化最大延迟问题.其中退化效应是指其实际加工时间是开工时间的非减函数,工件的位置错位是指重新排序过程中原始工件在原始最优序列与新到达工件所构成的新序列的加工位置之差,工件的时间错位是指重新排序过程中原始工件在原始最优序列与新到达工件所构成的新序列的完工时间之差.对以上两类问题,当权重系数或者错位限制满足特殊情况时,最优排序是原始工件集和新工件集中的工件按照退化率非减的序列排列,基于动态规划方法给出了以上几个问题的多项式时间算法或者是拟多项式算法.     

基于重新排序的退化工件最小化总延误时间问题

考虑了错位限制下的含有退化工件的重新排序问题,即工件的实际加工时间看作是工件开工时间的线性函数．重新排序就是在原始工件已经按照某种规则使目标函数达到最优时有一新工件集到达,新工件的安排使得原始工件重新排序进而产生错位．研究了最大序列错位和总序列错位限制下的退化工件最小化总延误时间问题,其最优排序的结构性质是使得原始工件集和新工件集中的工件是按加工率αj非减的序列排列,基于此通过分阶段排序和动态规划方法给出了两个问题的多项式时间的最优算法．     

一类加工时间依赖资源的单机排序问题

讨论了一类有准备时间且任务的加工时间依赖资源的单机排序问题.目标函数为最大完工时间与分配给各任务资源消耗量的加权线性组合.给出了问题的若干相关性质.在此基础上,对于任务之间无优先约束和有任意优先约束的情况.分别给出了最优排列算法和最优资源分配方法.并用数值例子作了说明.     

恶化率与工件无关的线性加工时间调度问题

讨论恶化率与工件无关的线性加工时间调度问题 .对于工件间具有平行链约束 ,目标函数为极小化最大完工时间的单机问题 ,分别就链不允许中断和链允许中断两种情况给出了最优算法 .对于工件间没有优先约束 ,目标函数为极小化完工时间和的平行机问题 ,证明了工件按基本加工时间不减排列可以得到最优调度 .     

具有截断学习效应和工件带准备时间的单机排序问题

研究工件加工时间具有截断学习效应且带有准备时间的单机排序问题。截断学习效应指的是工件的加工时间是它所排位置和一个控制参数的函数,其中,“截断”是一个控制参数。由于在现实生活中,与工件的排列位置有关的“学习”不可能无止境的进行下去,所以给定了一个参数来进行控制,使得工件的学习效应随着排列位置的靠后而逐渐趋于稳定。目标函数为最小化总完工时间,这个问题是NP-难的,进而结合几个优势性质和下界给出了分支定界算法来求此问题的最优解。     

预知两种信息带准备时间的两台同型机半在线排序

研究了P2,r_j/decr,opt/Cmax问题,即预知工件大小非增排列decr和最优目标值opt的两台同型机的带准备时间的半在线问题,并给出了竞争比为7/6的半在线算法.     

一个组面试问题的最佳顺序安排

采用边界阶段方法讨论最优组面试问题的最佳划分选择策略,在允许调整面试顺序的情况下,得到最优组面试问题中如何重新安排面试顺序能够以最大概率录用到最优应聘者的排序策略.     

基于因素分析与BP神经网络的电信企业管理胜任力测评研究

运用行为事件访谈法、专家小组讨论法,以及探索性因素分析与验证性因素分析方法,构建电信企业管理胜任力的结构模型及其评价指标体系.在确保测评指标合理性与有效性的前提下,提出一种基于BP神经网络的管理胜任力测评模型,通过仿真和实例表明了测评模型的有效性,为综合评价电信企业员工的管理胜任力提供了一种新方法。     

Interviewing in mathematics education research: Choosing the questions

With the development of qualitative methodologies, interviewing has become one of the main tools in mathematics education research. As the first step in analyzing interviewing in mathematics education we focus here on the stage of planning, specifically, on designing the interview questions. We attempt to outline several features of interview questions and understand what guides researchers in choosing the interview questions. Our observations and conclusions are based on examining research in mathematics education that uses interviews as a data-collection tool and on interviews with practicing researchers reflecting on their practice.     

基于结构方程的护理机构建筑使用后满意度影响因素分析

在访谈与问卷调查的基础上,通过构建结构方程模型的方法,对护理机构建筑使用后满意度的影响因素进行了数理分析,归纳了各影响因素的重要程度,并提出了相应的护理机构建筑设计的要点,以期优化护理机构建筑设计,提高老人的满意度,提升护理机构的运营状况.     

Conceptual metaphors for isomorphism and homomorphism: Instructors’ descriptions for themselves and when teaching

Group isomorphism and homomorphism are topics central to abstract algebra, yet research on instructors’ views of these concepts is limited. Based on interviews from two instructors as well as classroom video from eight class periods, this paper examines the language used to discuss isomorphism and homomorphism. Language used by instructors in interviews and classroom settings are identified and classified into four main categories: formal definition, mapping, sameness, and combinations of sameness and mapping language. How the two instructors drew on language classified into those four categories in the interview and instruction settings are examined for isomorphism and homomorphism. Similarities and differences between the interview and instruction contexts reveal the wide variety of ways of understanding isomorphism and homomorphism as well as a research need to examine mathematicians’ content knowledge in more than one context.     

基于物元可拓法的轨道交通PPP项目风险评价研究

风险评价是风险控制的前提,风险控制对项目成功实施至关重要.文章通过文献查阅和专家访谈梳理了PPP(Public-Private-Partnership)项目风险,建立涵盖37条指标的轨道交通PPP项目风险指标体系,构建基于物元可拓法的风险评价模型,以呼和浩特轨道交通PPP项目为例,对其项目风险进行了评价,提供一种PPP项目风险事前事中评价的方法,给项目相关方的项目风险评价和管理提供参考.     

Aggregation of utility-based individual preferences for group decision-making

Multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) elicits an individual decision maker’s preferences for single attributes and develops a utility function by mathematics formulation to add up the preferences of the entire set of attributes when assessing alternatives. A common aggregation method of MAUT for group decisions is the simple additive weighting (SAW) method, which does not consider the different preferential levels and preferential ranks for individual decision makers’ assessments of alternatives in a decision group, and thus seems too intuitive in achieving the consensus and commitment for group decision aggregation. In this paper, the preferential differences denoting the preference degrees among different alternatives and preferential priorities denoting the favorite ranking of the alternatives for each decision maker are both considered and aggregated to construct the utility discriminative values for assessing alternatives in a decision group. A comparative analysis is performed to compare the proposed approach to the SAW model, and a satisfaction index is used to investigate the satisfaction levels of the final two resulting group decisions. In addition, a feedback interview is conducted to understand the subjective perceptions of decision makers while examining the results obtained from these two approaches for the second practical case. Both investigation results show that the proposed approach is able to achieve a more satisfying and agreeable group decision than that of the SAW method.     

How concept images affect students’ interpretations of Newton's method

Knowing when students have the prerequisite knowledge to be able to read and understand a mathematical text is a perennial concern for instructors. Using text describing Newton's method and Vinner's notion of concept image, we exemplify how prerequisite knowledge influences understanding. Through clinical interviews with first-semester calculus students, we determined how evoked concept images of tangent lines and roots contributed to students’ interpretation and application of Newton's method. Results show that some students’ concept images of root and tangent line developed throughout the interview process, and most students were able to adequately interpret the text on Newton's method. However, students with insufficient concept images of tangent line and students who were unwilling or unable to modify their concept images of tangent line after reading the text were not successful in interpreting Newton's method.     

Two Teaching Methods and Students' Understanding of Sound

The purpose of this study was to examine fifth grade students' ideas related to sound and to compare the Learning Cycle teaching approach with a textbook/demonstration method of instruction to determine whether one method is more effective in facilitating conceptual change. Thirty-four fifth grade students were randomly selected and assigned to the two treatment groups. To assess the students' understanding of specific sound concepts, an interview protocol was administered to both groups before and immediately after instruction. Students were given a numerical rating corresponding to their levels of understanding. The numerical values for both groups at the pre- and post-interview assessments were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Students who were taught using the Learning Cycle had a significantly better understanding.