碳纤维连续抽油杆温度的研究

根据碳纤维抽油杆的特性，碳纤维连续抽油杆适合于深井、超深井、腐蚀井、超载井和高含水井。与其他抽油杆相比，使用碳纤维抽油杆的投资最少。总之，连续抽油杆有着普通抽油杆无法比拟的优越性，能够较好地解决普通抽油杆无法解决的问题，将逐渐替代普通抽油杆，特别对于解决斜井、深井、腐蚀井及低渗透井等有着十分重要的现实意义，具有广泛的发展前途。     

碳纤维复合材料连续抽油杆的特点及应用

碳纤维复合材料连续抽油杆的外形呈带状，横截面为矩形（通常的尺寸为Φ32mm＊3．2mm），长度可达5000m以上，中间没有接箍，仅两端各有一个钢接头，可缠绕到直径为1m、宽为0．8m的滚筒上。它具有密度小、弹性较好、耐腐蚀、抗疲劳性能好、活塞效应小、起下作业速度快等优点。针对胜利油田纯梁采油厂所辖纯化、大芦湖、小营等低渗油田的机采开发现状，结合碳纤维连续抽油杆的技术特性，在10口油井试验了碳纤维连续抽油杆工艺，抽油机悬点负荷平均下降47．5％，电机电流平均减少34％，当年累计增油2750吨，达到了增产、节电、延长检泵周期、降低采油成本的目的。它扩大了有杆泵抽油系统的应用范围，可用于高含水油井、深井、超深井和腐蚀井的原油开采，具有广阔的应用前景。     

耐高温碳纤维复合材料连续抽油杆及其制造工艺

本发明的耐高温碳纤维复合材料连续抽油杆，其抽油杆体用碳纤维和玻璃纤维为增强材料，酚醛树脂为基体材料，采用拉挤成型工艺制造，具有较高的强度和模量，耐腐蚀，抗疲劳，耐温150℃以上，抽油杆杆体为扁圆状柔性连续式，运输安装方便，应用节省能源，特别适用于深井和超深井采油。     

碳纤维连续抽油杆失效分析及对策

针对胜利油田碳纤维连续抽油杆近几年出现的失效现象进行了分析,分析表明碳纤维连续抽油杆失效主要表现为断杆和脱扣两种,其中碳纤维连续抽油杆本体的断丝和劈裂是最常见的失效形式。影响碳纤维连续抽油杆失效的主要因素包括材料质量、制造工艺、承受载荷、井况、作业施工、运输和储存等几个方面。为防止碳纤维连续抽油杆的早期失效,应严把产品进货质量关;正确选择油井;按应力范围图进行杆柱设计;按要求作业施工;完善生产管理措施。此外,建议进一步发展和完善碳纤维连续抽油杆柱采油的井下泵工况诊断与分析技术,确保抽油设备高效可靠地运行。     

碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料连续抽油杆的研制

介绍了碳纤维／环氧树脂连续抽油杆的生产方法。以碳纤维和玻璃纤维带为增强材料，以E－51、METHPA和DMP－30组成的树脂体系为基体树脂，以HBT－8为内脱模剂，采用拉挤成型工艺，研制了碳纤维／环氧树脂复合材料连续抽油杆。研究表明，纤维排布、原料配比、固化湿度和牵引速度是生产工艺的关键控制因素。下井实验表明，与常规钢制抽油杆相比，碳纤维／环氧树脂连续抽油杆可节电1／3以上，产油量为前者的1．3倍以上，经济效益显著，且耐磨，耐腐独性好，使用寿命长，运输、安装方便。     

新型碳纤维抽油杆的研制

综述了国内外关于油井用连续抽油杆的发展现状,介绍了以环氧树脂作为树脂基体,以碳纤维作为增强材料,采用拉挤成型工艺生产树脂基碳纤维复合材料抽油杆,并分析和讨论了该连续生产过程中易出现的问题。结果表明：该工艺可连续成型,自动化程度高,且成型制品力学性能优异,是生产连续抽油杆的一种较好的工艺方法。     

山大完成两碳纤维开发应用项目

山东大学材料学院碳纤维工程技术研究中心承担的混杂纤维增强复合材料的开发及其应用研究、柔性连续耐高温抗腐蚀碳纤维抽油杆研制两个项目，通过山东省科技厅组织的技术鉴定。     

碳纤维开发应用项目通过鉴定

山东大学材料学院碳纤维工程技术研究中心承担的混杂纤维增强复合材料的开发及其应用研究、柔性连续耐高温抗腐蚀碳纤维抽油杆的研制两个项目，日前通过了山东省科技厅组织的技术鉴定。     

轻型抽油杆应用前景分析

轻型抽油杆包括铝合金抽油杆、碳纤维抽油杆和玻璃钢抽油杆等,本文着重介绍碳纤维抽油杆和玻璃钢抽油杆的国内外应用情况和在应用中出现的问题,分析其特点,同时分析在我厂应用的范围和应注意的问题。     

新型连续抽油杆采油技术的应用

新型连续抽油杆是一种新型碳纤维连续柔性抽油杆,具有强度高,质量轻,防腐蚀的特点,适用于部分地层能量低、油层腐蚀程度较高的油田,设计合理的杆柱组合,使抽油机能耗降低,节能效果达36.6%,增加油井产量,延长油井免修期。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.