腹膜后神经鞘瘤的诊断及治疗（附7例报告）

目的探讨腹膜后神经鞘瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法对7例腹膜后神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果本组查体发现2例,腰腹部疼痛不适5例（其中3例查体可触及肿物）,肿瘤直径4.7~12 cm,6例位于肾上腺区、1例位于右后盆壁。5例经腹手术切除肿物,1例经腰手术切除肿物,1例行后腹腔镜肿瘤探查、切除术。术后病理检查证实为神经鞘瘤。结论腹膜后神经鞘瘤缺乏特异临床表现,术前诊断困难,确诊依赖病理学检查,手术切除是有效治疗方法。     

胃神经鞘瘤1例

胃神经鞘瘤在神经鞘瘤中的发病率很低。本文从临床表现、CT表现、超声内镜、病理学特征及治疗方面对1例胃神经鞘瘤进行报道。     

颌骨中央型神经鞘瘤2例报告

神经鞘瘤又称神经鞘膜瘤、神经膜瘤或雪旺氏瘤，是一种由神经外胚层演化而来，起源于神经鞘膜雪旺氏细胞的良性肿瘤，多发生于颅底、颈、口腔及颌面部。根据发病部位不同分为中央型(骨内)及周围型(软组织内)。颌骨中央型神经鞘瘤极少见，本文报道上颌及下颌骨中央型神经鞘瘤各1例，现结合文献对其发病、临床特点、医学影像学表现、诊断及预后进行探讨。     

老年颈部神经源肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨磁共振成像（MRI）对颈部神经源肿瘤的定位、定性诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的颈部神经源肿瘤MRI31例，包括神经鞘瘤23例、神经纤维瘤7例、恶性神经源肿瘤1例。结果 依据肿瘤引起的附近间隙、血管、肌肉等移位方向进行肿瘤定位。神经鞘瘤病理上有不同组成成分，因此可根据MRI的信号特点及增强后表现对其作出定性判断。结论 MRI是诊断颈部神经源肿瘤的有效方法，最有价值的诊断指征为肿瘤的部位、肿瘤与邻近结构的关系以及肿瘤的信号变化。     

气道神经鞘瘤1例

目的 提高对气道神经鞘瘤的认识,减少对该病的误诊和漏诊.方法 回顾我院收治的1例气道神经鞘瘤患者的病历资料,探讨对该病的诊断及病变特点.结果 患者反复活动后气促1年,肺功能正常,胸部CT提示气道肿物.气管镜活检病理示气道慢性炎症.气管切开行肿物消融术,病理诊断为神经鞘瘤.结论 气道神经鞘瘤临床表现不特异,不易早期诊断,临床易漏诊延误诊断,手术切除仍是治疗气道神经鞘瘤最有效的方法.     

椎管内神经鞘瘤误诊为急腹症26例报告

椎管内神经鞘瘤误诊为急腹症２６例报告烟台市烟台山医院（２６４００１）杨国宽刘建辉崔新国赵炜山东医科大学附属医院鲍秀峰邵毅张文华１９６０～１９９６年，我院收治２６例误诊为急腹症的椎管内神经鞘瘤患者，后经神经系统检查、ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ或碘剂造影确诊，且经手术...     

46例间质瘤的诊断和治疗分析

目的探讨间质瘤的临床表现、发病部位、诊断、免疫组化特点及治疗现状。、方法回顺性分析本院5年米住院病人中资料完整的经病理组织和免疫组化检查确诊的46例间质瘤病人的临床表现、病变部位、诊断方法、免疫组化特点及治疗方法。结果间质瘤男女均有发病，男性较多，男女比为1．70：1。发病年龄为9～83岁，50～60岁年龄段发病率最高、临床表现缺乏特异性，早期间质瘤常以腹部隐痛，腹胀，腹部不适为主要表现。在消化道间质瘤中，当瘤块生长到较大时常以消化道出血为首发症状。间质瘤除常发生在胃肠道外，肠系膜、腹腔、盆腔和卵巢也可以发病。间质瘤的临床诊断是困难的，临床中常与平滑肌瘤，平滑肌肉瘤，神经纤维瘤相混肴，间质瘤的正确诊断依赖于手术或活检标本的病理组织学和免疫组化检查确定。本病的冶疗以手术彻底切除病变为唯一有效的方法，间质瘤对放疗、化疗均不敏感，格列威对不能手术者或对预防术后复发有一定的作用。结论间质瘤是一种未定的多潜能的间叶细胞的肿瘤．应与平滑肌瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、神经钎维瘤等相区别。正确的诊断依赖于病理组织和免疫组化检查，于术切除是唯一有效的治疗方法。     

小儿神经母细胞瘤11例临床分析

报道了１１例神经母细胞瘤病儿，均经病理或骨髓检查确诊。该病无特异性表现，极易误诊。作者分析了其常见误诊原因，提出在诊断方面，要首选Ｂ超检查，阳性率为９０％，骨髓检查也尤为重要，阳性率为８０％。在预后方面，Ｓ－１００抗体标记的鞘细胞分化是本病组织学成熟的标志，Ｓ－１００阳性瘤细胞越多，瘤组织分化越成熟，病儿预后越好。     

甲型H1N1流感的病原学与流行病学

目的：通过临床病例分析，了解肺内神经鞘瘤的临床和影像表现，提高鉴别诊断能力。方法：对1979年1月－2001年10月期间收治的7例肺内神经鞘瘤的临床、影像学表现及诊断依据进行分析。结果：主要症状：小量咯血、咳嗽、发热、气促、胞痛。纤维支气管镜检查：支气管腔内见新生物3例，外压性狭窄2例。影像表现：左总支气管腔内见结节阻塞2例；肺内单发肿块4例；多发肿块1例（2个病灶）。肿块边缘光整3个（良性2个，恶性1个），毛糙3个（恶性）。CT增强扫描，表同为网格样强化1个（良性）、周边强化1个（恶性）、不均质强化4个（良性1个，恶性3个）。伴支气管和肋骨受压2例。恶性神经鞘瘤中见胸膜浸润伴胸液1例、血管受侵2例。结论：肺内神经鞘瘤罕见，临床及影像学表现缺乏特异性。肿瘤大小和密度对良恶性鉴别无特征意义，肿瘤边界不光整提示恶性可能，相邻结构侵犯是提示恶性病变的重要征象。     

胃神经鞘瘤1例报告并文献复习

胃非上皮性肿瘤较为少见,约占胃肿瘤的5.5％.以平滑肌肿瘤最多,非何杰金淋巴瘤次之,而胃神经鞘瘤则极为少见~[1]。查阅近15年间国内文献,仅有37例报道。近期我院收治1例,但在这共38例胃神经鞘瘤中术前竟无1例明确诊断。为提高对该病的认识及临床诊治水平,现结合文献对其作一综合分析。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.