镇静镇痛对重型颅脑损伤患者术后颅内压的影响分析

目的探讨镇静镇痛对重型、特重型颅脑损伤（TBI）患者术后颅内压（ICP）的影响。 方法选取湖州市第一人民医院神经外科自2016年1月至2018年6月收治的重型TBI患者45例,根据GCS评分将患者分为重型TBI组（GCS评分6~8分,26例）与特重型TBI组（GCS评分3~5分,19例）,观察2组镇静镇痛下及撤除镇静镇痛/唤醒下ICP值波动情况。 结果特重型TBI患者在镇静镇痛前后ICP差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,重型TBI患者撤除镇静镇痛/唤醒后,ICP前后变化差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论镇痛镇静与重型TBI开颅术后颅内压力波动有显著相关性,使用镇静镇痛可获得安全、平稳的ICP。     

Cerebral oxygen metabolism and neuroelectrophysiology in a clinical study of severe brain injury and mild hypothermia

Mild hypothermia has an important role in the treatment of severe brain injury and there are therapeutic windows for this technique for patients with severe brain injury. We used a randomized, controlled, clinical study to investigate indexes of cerebral oxygen metabolism and neuroelectrophysiology to evaluate the efficacy of mild hypothermia treatment in severe brain injury. A total of 148 patients (106 males and 42 females), aged 18 to 64 years with acute severe brain injury were selected from June 1998 to June 2004 from the Department of Neurosurgery at The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. All patients met the inclusion criteria: admission to hospital within 10 hours of injury; Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ? 8; age < 65 years; no other severe combined visceral injury; and no severe co-morbidities of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, or other visceral organs. Patients were divided into groups according to brain injury severity: GCS scores 7–8, 5–6, and 3–4. Patients in each GCS score group were randomly assigned to two subgroups: hypothermia and normothermia. Brain oxygen metabolism indexes (partial pressure of oxygen in brain tissue [P_brO₂] and regional cerebral oxygen saturation [rSaO₂]) as well as neuroelectrophysiology indexes (short-latency somatosensory evoked potential [SLSEP] and brain-stem auditory evoked potential [BAEP]) were recorded in the normothermia and hypothermia subgroups (32–34 °C) prior to and after cooling for 5 days. Brain oxygen metabolism indexes (P_brO₂ and rSaO₂) and neuroelectrophysiology indexes (SLSEP and BAEP) were also compared for patients who underwent mild hypothermia and those who did not. For patients with GCS 7–8, SLSEP, BAEP and rSaO₂ following cooling were significantly improved in the hypothermia subgroup and the P_brO₂ was less in the hypothermia subgroup. For patients with GCS 5–6, the SLSEP, BAEP and rSaO₂ were improved following hypothermia on some days, and the PbrO₂ was greater in the hypothermia subgroup on some days. For patients with GCS 3–4, there was no difference between the hypothermia and normothermia subgroups. We conclude that hypothermia had a significant therapeutic effect on severe brain injury of patients with GCS 7–8, had no effect on patients with GCS 3–4, and an uncertain effect on patients with GCS 5–6. The indexes of cerebral oxygen metabolism and neuroelectrophysiology indicated primary and secondary brain injury, respectively, and provided an effective way to evaluate brain injury.     

交通伤所致重型颅脑损伤患者预后的临床影响因素分析

目的分析交通伤所致重型颅脑损伤患者预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2012-03-2014-04我院收治的108例交通伤所致重型颅脑损伤患者的临床资料,根据格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)分为预后不佳组和预后良好组,对年龄、性别、收缩压、血氧饱和度、血糖、瞳孔评分、损伤严重度评分(ISS)、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)等可能的影响因素进行单因素分析,并对单因素分析结果中的危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析结果提示,血氧饱和度、收缩压、血糖、瞳孔评分、ISS评分、GCS评分与患者预后有关,P0.05;多因素Logistic回归分析提示,血糖、血氧饱和度、ISS评分、GCS评分为影响预后的独立危险因素,P0.05。结论交通伤所致重型颅脑损伤患者的预后与血糖、血氧饱和度、ISS评分、GCS评分具有密切关系,重点关注、针对性改善这些指标对改善此类患者的预后具有重要意义。     

Decreased numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells are associated with hyperglycemia in patients with traumatic brain injury

Hyperglycemia reduces the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, accelerates their senescence and impairs their function.However, the relationship between blood glucose levels and endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood of patients with traumatic brain injury is unclear. In this study, 101 traumatic brain injury patients admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital or the Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, China, were enrolled from April 2005 to March 2007. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and blood glucose levels were measured at 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after traumatic brain injury by flow cytometry and automatic biochemical analysis, respectively. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells and blood sugar levels in 37 healthy control subjects were also examined. Compared with controls, the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in traumatic brain injury patients was decreased at 1 day after injury, and then increased at 4 days after injury,and reached a peak at 7 days after injury. Compared with controls, blood glucose levels in traumatic brain injury patients peaked at 1 day and then decreased until 7 days and then remained stable. At 1, 4, and 7 days after injury, the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells was negatively correlated with blood sugar levels(r =-0.147, P 0.05). Our results verify that hyperglycemia in patients with traumatic brain injury is associated with decreased numbers of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China(approval No. 200501) in January 2015.     

颅脑损伤患者血清脑源性神经营养因子动态变化及其与预后关系的研究

目的探讨不同程度颅脑损伤（TBI）患者在不同时间点血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）浓度变化规律以及血清BDNF浓度与预后的关系。 方法选择自2016年10月至2018年10月青海省人民医院神经外科收治的149例TBI患者为研究对象，根据患者入院时的GCS评分将其分为轻型组（13~15分）52例、中型组（9~12分）49例、重型组（3~8分）48例。对照组为35例健康体检者。分析不同伤情组在不同时间点BDNF动态变化关系及其与对照组BDNF之间的关系。TBI患者伤后3个月采用GOS评分对患者预后进行评定，分为预后良好组（4~5分）98例、预后不良组（1~3分）51例，对比2组不同时间点血清BDNF浓度的差异，并对不同时间点血清BDNF值与患者入院时GCS评分及伤后3个月GOS评分进行相关性分析。 结果（1）轻、中、重型组患者1、7、14 d血清BDNF浓度与对照组比较，第1天轻型组与对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），其余各组及不同时间点均明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P=0.001）；（2）中、重型组患者血清BDNF浓度于1、7、14 d均低于轻型组（P=0.001），重型组患者血清BDNF浓度于1、7、14 d低于中型组，差异具有统计学意义（P=0.001）；（3）随访3个月，预后不良组与预后良好组各时间点BDNF浓度比较，差异具有统计学意义（P=0.001）；（4）TBI患者伤后1、7、14 d血清BDNF浓度水平与GCS评分呈正相关，与伤后3个月GOS评分亦呈正相关。 结论TBI患者血清BDNF浓度变化与不同伤情及预后有相关性，可作为临床早期判断TBI伤情和预后的指标之一。     

血清sTREM-1、IL-12及IL-33水平对创伤性脑损伤严重程度和预后评估的价值

目的探讨血清可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1（sTREM-1）、白介素-12（IL-12）及白介素-33（IL-33）水平对创伤性脑损伤（TBI）严重程度和预后评估的价值。 方法选取儋州市人民医院神经外科自2016年1月至2019年12月收治的142例TBI患者，根据治疗后28 d的预后情况将患者分为存活组（107例）和死亡组（35例），依据GCS评分将患者分为轻中度组87例（GCS 13~15分10例，9~12分77例）和重度组55例（GCS 3~8分）。比较各组第1、3、5天血清sTREM-1、IL-12及IL-33水平变化。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清sTREM-1、IL-12及IL-33水平，预测TBI患者死亡的价值。 结果死亡组GCS评分明显低于存活组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。死亡组第1、3、5天血清sTREM-1、IL-12及IL-33水平均明显高于存活组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。重度组第1、3、5天血清sTREM-1、IL-12及IL-33水平均明显高于轻中度组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ROC曲线显示，第3天sTREM-1、IL-12及IL-33联合预测TBI患者死亡的曲线下面积（0.933，95%CI：0.875~0.994）最大，其敏感度和特异度为95.4%和88.0%。 结论血清sTREM-1、IL-12及IL-33水平升高与TBI患者的病情严重程度相关，第3天采用3项联合检测对预测TBI患者预后有较好的价值。     

重型颅脑损伤患者血钠水平的变化及与预后关系的探讨

目的观察重型颅脑损伤（STBI）患者血钠水平的变化并探讨STBI患者血钠水平与预后的关系。方法选择38例STBI患者,根据患者入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）分为A组、B组和C组,观察以上各组患者住院后第1d、第3d、第5d和第7d血钠水平的变化;并依据患者就诊时血钠水平将以上患者分为正常组,轻度组,中度组和重度组,根据格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）,探讨STBI患者的血钠水平与预后的关系。结果入院后第1d各组患者血钠水平与GCS评分呈负相关性,不同GCS评分患者间血钠水平差异具有统计学意义;就诊时患者血钠水平与病死率呈正相关性,不同血钠水平患者间病死率比较,差异差异具有统计学意义。结论就诊时STBI患者血钠水平与其病程进展和预后密切相关,应重视患者血钠水平的纠正。     

血栓弹力图在颅脑损伤患者凝血障碍检查中的应用

目的探讨血栓弹力图（TEG）作为TBI患者凝血功能障碍预测指标的可行性。 方法选取山西医科大学附属大医院神经外科自2017年2月至11月收治的颅脑损伤（TBI）60例患者,根据入院GCS评分分为重型组（GCS≤8分）38例,轻型组（GCS>8分）22例,均于伤后24 h内同时行TEG及常规凝血检查,另选取同期16名健康体检者作为对照组,观察3组的各项凝血参数的差异;同时比较2种检查方法的相关性。 结果3组对比常规凝血检查和TEG各项参数,活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、血小板计数（PLT）的差异无统计学意义（Ρ>0.05）,其余参数差异均有统计学意义（Ρ<0.05）;TEG参数与常规凝血检查指标存在一定的相关性,反应时间与凝血酶原时间、APTT呈正相关,凝血块形成时间与纤维蛋白浓度呈显著负相关,凝血块形成速率与纤维蛋白浓度呈显著正相关,最大振幅与PLT呈显著正相关。 结论重型与轻型TBI患者凝血功能障碍存在差异性,前者更为严重;联合应用TEG和常规凝血检查可全面评估TBI患者早期凝血功能状态。     

垂体前叶黄体生成素对重度颅脑创伤病情及预后的监测与评估

目的研究急性颅脑创伤病人垂体前叶黄体生成素（luteinizing hormone,LH）的动态变化及其对病情及预后的评估.方法随机选取1999年12月至2001年6月间急性颅脑创伤住院病人50例,按照GCS分数、GOS不同的预后、不同的创伤类型、CT中线移位程度等因素分别进行了分析研究.同时设立对照组12例.结果颅脑创伤组LH值明显高于正常对照组.颅脑创伤的程度越重,伤后即刻的LH值越高,而动态观察则快速下降,波动幅度大,其伤后入院即刻检测值与入院第3天的检测值之比值也就越大.如GCS 3～5分组,死亡组,重度中线移位组,脑挫伤组的情况都是如此.伤情较轻者,黄体生成素升高的程度较小,且伤后48 h逐渐恢复正常,波动幅度小,其伤后入院即刻检测值与伤后入院第3天的检测值之比值也就越小.结论颅脑创伤病人伤后LH的动态变化可以作为伤情判断和判断预后的重要指标之一.凡伤后LH明显升高而48 h后明显降低者,入院检测的LH值与入院后72 h所检测的LH比值大于3者,预示伤情严重且预后不良.     

早期肠内营养对重型颅脑损伤病人免疫功能及并发症的影响

目的探讨重型颅脑损伤病人早期实施肠内营养对免疫功能及并发症的影响。方法对168例重型颅脑损伤病人(GCS≤8分)半随机分为肠内营养组(EN组)和肠外营养组(PN组),每组84例。用免疫组化法测定两组患者在入院后10d血清中IgG、IgA、IgM及IgE含量及T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+值,对比两组的免疫功能变化。结果重型颅脑损伤后病人免疫功能明显下降,而EN组患者血清中的IgG、IgA、IgM显著高于PN组(P0.05);CD4+水平及CD4+/CD8+比值明显高于PN组(P0.05);IgE明显低于PN组(P0.05)。EN组的并发症发生率明显低于PN组(P0.05)。结论重型颅脑损伤病人可导致机体免疫功能下降,早期肠内营养支持可提高人体免疫功能,减少并发症的发生。     

高海拔地区重型颅脑损伤血清FSH、LH、PRL的变化

目的 探讨高海拔地区重型颅脑损伤内分泌激素水平的变化规律,为提高高海拔地区重型颅脑损伤的治疗效果提供帮助。方法 2012年1月至2013年12月收治高海拔地区颅脑损伤120例,其中重型颅脑损伤（入院时GCS评分3~8分）60例,轻型颅脑损伤（入院时GCS评分13~15分）60例。伤后1、3、7、14、21 d应用放射免疫定量分析法检测血清促卵泡生长素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、催乳素（PRL）水平。结果 伤后1、3、7、14、21 d,重型颅脑损伤血清FSH、LH水平与与轻型颅脑损伤相比无显著性变化（P>0.05）;而PRL水平在伤后1 d有显著变化（P <0.05）,以后无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论 高海拔地区重型颅脑损伤血清PRL有轻微变化,而血清FSH、LH的水平无显著性变化。     

单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂对重度脑损伤的早期治疗作用

目的：探讨单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂（GM1）对重度颅脑外伤的早期脑保护作用。方法：入选者随机分为GM1治疗组及生理盐水（NS）对照组；于治疗前和治疗7、14d各进行格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS），检测血清乳酸（La）及C-反应蛋白（CRP）作比较。结暴：治疗7和14d后，治疗组La下降与对照组比较分别P〈0．05和P〈0．01;14d后治疗组GCS上升值与对照组比P〈0．05。结论：GM1能够降低无氧代谢。减轻La堆积所致酸中毒。从而减轻脑水肿，起到保护脑组织改善预后的作用。     

Catecholamines predict outcome in traumatic brain injury

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system attends traumatic brain injury, but the association of the severity of neurological impairment and recovery with the extent of sympathetic nervous system stimulation is poorly defined. In this study, plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and dopamine (DA) levels were measured serially in 33 patients with traumatic brain injury and compared with the Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), which was obtained concurrently. A catecholamine gradient that reflected the extent of brain injury was demonstrated within 48 hours of the injury. In patients with a GCS of 3 to 4, NE and E levels increased four- to fivefold and the DA level increased threefold above normal (NE, 1686 +/- 416 pg/ml; E, 430 +/- 172 pg/ml; DA, 236 +/- 110 pg/ml), while patients with mild brain injury (GCS, greater than 11) had slightly elevated or normal levels. Patients with marked (GCS, 5 to 7) and moderate (GCS, 8 to 10) traumatic brain injuries had intermediate levels. The prognostic value of determining admission levels of NE was shown in patients with an admission GCS of 3 to 4 1 week after injury. Patients with severe and unchanging neurological impairment 1 week after injury had markedly elevated initial NE levels (2,176 +/- 531 pg/ml), whereas initial NE levels (544 +/- 89 pg/ml) were only mildly elevated in patients who improved to a GCS of greater than 11. These data indicate that markedly elevated NE levels predict outcome in patients with comparable neurological deficits. Thus levels of circulating catecholamines are excellent endogenous and readily quantifiable markers that appear to reflect the extent of brain injury and that may predict the likelihood of recovery.     

简易运动评分与GCS对颅脑损伤伤情评价的比较

目的探讨简易运动评分(SMS)对颅脑损伤伤病情评价的可靠性。方法对72例颅脑损伤患者,分别行SMS和GCS评价并比较其伤情和不同伤情患者的预后。结果两种评价均为颅脑损伤轻型者57例,均为中重型者12例;有3例GCS评为中重型,而SMS评为轻型;SMS与GCS对伤情的评价无明显差异(P>0.05)。两种方法均评为重型者4例,3例恢复差(GOS1～3分),1例恢复良好(GOS4～5分);8例均为中型者,2例恢复差,6例良好;57例均为轻型者均恢复良好;3例GCS评为中型,而SMS评为轻型者均恢复良好。SMS与GCS分别评为颅脑损伤轻型或中型或轻型者中,预后无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论与GCS相比,SMS可作为脑损伤病情的评价方法之一,简便易行,结果可靠。     

颅脑损伤后氨基末端脑利钠肽前体的应用价值研究

目的探讨血浆氨基末端脑利钠肽前体(NT-pro-BNP)在评估颅脑创伤(TBI)严重程度及颅内压(ICP)增高中的应用价值。方法选择2009年1月到2009年12月收入我院神经外科的63例颅脑创伤患者作为研究对象。收集的资料包括患者的性别、年龄、入院时GCS评分、受伤机制、颅内压数值、总住院天数、重症监护病房(ICU)住院天数。按照患者入院时最初的GCS评分将其分为轻度颅脑创伤组(GCS 13-15,n=14),中度颅脑创伤组(GCS 9-12,n=24),重度颅脑创伤组(GCS 3-8,n=25)三组。应用电化学发光免疫分析技术测定血浆NT-pro-BNP浓度。结果重度颅脑创伤组血浆NT-pro-BNP水平显著高于轻度颅脑创伤组及中度颅脑创伤组(F=12.590,P<0.01)。同ICP控制组(n=15)249.3 pg/ml±103.8 pg/ml及未行ICP监测组(n=40)221.9 pg/ml±142.7 pg/ml相比,ICP增高组(n=5)NT-pro-BNP血浆浓度520.2 pg/ml±153.5 pg/ml可出现显著增高(P<0.01)。血浆NT-pro-BNP水平与GCS评分及ICU住院天数存在相关性。结论颅脑创伤早期血浆NT-pro-BNP水平越高,其伤后颅内压控制难度越大。血浆NT-pro-BNP水平可作为判断颅脑创伤严重程度及颅内压增高程度的一个潜在评估指标,有助于及早预判颅内压增高并及时地对其进行干预。     

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis

Compelling evidence suggests the advantage of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in traumatic brain injury. The present meta-analysis evaluated the outcomes of HBOT in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prospective studies comparing hyperbaric oxygen therapy vs. control in patients with mild (GCS 13–15) to severe (GCS 3–8) TBI were hand-searched from medical databases using the terms “hyperbaric oxygen therapy, traumatic brain injury, and post-concussion syndrome”. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was the primary outcome, while Glasgow outcome score (GOS), overall mortality, and changes in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) score, constituted the secondary outcomes. The results of eight studies (average age of patients, 23–41 years) reveal a higher post-treatment GCS score in the HBOT group (pooled difference in means = 3.13, 95 % CI 2.34–3.92, P < 0.001), in addition to greater improvement in GOS and lower mortality, as compared to the control group. However, no significant change in the PTSD score was observed. Patients undergoing hyperbaric therapy achieved significant improvement in the GCS and GOS with a lower overall mortality, suggesting its utility as a standard intensive care regimen in traumatic brain injury.     

创伤性大面积脑梗死的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨创伤性大面积脑梗死的发生机制及相关危险因素。 方法选取自2012年1月至2014年6月期间因颅脑损伤入住深圳市第二人民医院神经外科113例符合条件的重型颅脑损伤病例,根据其头颅CT检查结果是否发生创伤性脑梗死（PTCI）,分为PTCI组及非PTCI组,先进行单因素分析创伤性大面积脑梗死的相危害因素,再通过多因素Logistic进行分析,对外创伤性大面积脑梗死的相危害因素进行全面分析,所得数据经统计学分析差异。 结果经单因素分析显示,两组低格拉斯哥昏迷指数（GCS）、术前脑疝、术前低血压、术前凝血功能异常、外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血、伤后止血药的应用6个危险因素在两组间进行差异比较均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;经Logistic多因素分析显示低GCS、术前脑疝、术前低血压、伤后止血药的应用为外创伤性大面积脑梗死发生的可能危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论低GCS、术前脑疝、术前低血压、术前凝血功能异常、外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血、伤后止血药的应用是PTCI的重要危险因素,低GCS、术前脑疝、术前低血压、伤后止血药的应用是创伤性大面积脑梗死的独立危险因素,对这些危险因素进行合理评估,对科学预防与治疗创伤性脑梗死有重要的临床意义。     

高血压脑出血手术适应证分析及疗效探讨

目的 总结分析四川大学华西医院2006-2009年高血压脑出血(HICH)患者的临床资料,比较HICH手术治疗与保守治疗的疗效及预后,探讨该病的手术及保守治疗的适应证.方法 回顾性分析1237例HICH患者,对不同病情级别组的HICH患者手术治疗与保守治疗的疗效及预后进行比较.结果 手术组患者的整体病情重于保守治疗组患者;手术组患者整体预后均低于保守组.对于病情特重组(GCS 3分)手术与保守治疗对预后的影响差异无统计学意义;对于病情特重组(GCS4分)和病情重组(GCS 5～7分)手术治疗可降低死亡率,改善远期预后及生活能力;对于病情中等组(GCS 8～10分)和病情轻组(GCS 11分以上)保守治疗较手术治疗疗效佳.结论 对于病情较轻者(GCS 11分以上)和病情中等者(GCS 8～10分)手术组死亡率高于保守组,以保守治疗为佳;对于病情特重者(GCS 4分)和病情较重者(GCS 5～7分)应尽快手术治疗;对于GCS 3分患者治疗方式的选择还有待进一步探讨.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinical datns of patients who suffered with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage(HICH) in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2006 to 2009,to evaluate the efficacy and prognosis of surgical treatment and conservative treatment in HICH, to investigate thesurgical and conservative treatment Indications. Method A retrospective analysis of 1 237 cases of HICH of department of Neurosurgery,West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2006 to 2009. The efficacy and prognosis of surgical treatment and conservative treatment in the different levels group of patients with HICH were compared. Results The state of illness of surgical goup was more severe than conservative treatment group. The overall prognosis of surgical group were worse than the conservative group. For the most severe group ( GCS 3 points ), there was no significant difference in prognosis between surgical group and conservative group;for the other most severe group( GCS 4points) and more severe group(GCS 5 ～7 points) ,surgery can reduce the death rate and improve the long -term prognosis and viability. For moderate group (GCS 8 ～ 10 points ) and mild group (GCS 11 points above),conservative treatment was better than surgical treatment. Conclusions For mild group(GCS 11 points above)and moderate group(GCS8 ～ 10 points) ,the surgical mortality was higher than conservative groups,conservative treatment is preferred. For the most severe group(GCS 4 points) and more severe group(GCS 5 ～7 points),surgery should be performed as soon as possible;the selection of treatment in patients with CCS 3 points requested to be further research.     

体感诱发电位对亚低温治疗重型颅脑创伤临床疗效的评估

目的 探讨体感诱发电位对亚低温治疗重型颅脑创伤患者临床疗效的评估价值。方法55例经手术治疗后的重型颅脑创伤患者,随机分为亚低温治疗组和对照组。亚低温治疗组于手术后施以亚低温治疗,直肠温度降至33℃～35℃;对照组体温维持在36.5℃～37.5℃。共治疗3～7d,分别于术后第1d及第8d对两组患者进行GCS疗效和体感诱发电位评估;6个月后进行GOS预后评估。结果 亚低温组患者经治疗后,GCS评分及体感诱发电位测定结果均优于对照组(均P<0.05);随访6个月亚低温组患者GOS预后评估也优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 亚低温是治疗重型颅脑创伤的有效手段之一,而体感诱发电位是评估颅脑创伤预后的客观指标之一。     

Effect of long-term mild hypothermia or short-term mild hypothermia on outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

To compare the effect of long-term mild hypothermia versus short-term mild hypothermia on the outcome of 215 severe traumatic brain injured patients with cerebral contusion and intracranial hypertension. At three medical centers, 215 patients aged 18 to 45 years old with an admission Glasgow Coma Scale < or =8 within 4 h after injury were randomly divided into two groups: long-term mild hypothermia group (n = 108) for 5+/-1.3 days mild hypothermia therapy and short-term mild hypothermia group (n = 107) for 2+/-0.6 days mild hypothermia therapy. All patients had intracranial hypertension and frontotemporoparietal contusion with midline shift >1 cm confirmed on computed tomographic scan. Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6-month follow-up, 47 cases had favorable outcome (43.5%), and other 61 cases had unfavorable outcome (56.5%) in the long-term mild hypothermia group. However, only 31 cases had favorable outcome (29.0%), and other 76 cases had unfavorable outcome (71.0%) in the short-term mild hypothermia group (P < 0.05). The intracranial pressure significantly rebounded after rewarming in the short-term mild hypothermia group, but not in the long-term mild hypothermia (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of stress ulcer, epilepsy, pulmonary infection, intracranial infection did not significantly differ between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with short-term mild hypothermia, long-term mild hypothermia significantly improves the outcome of severe traumatic brain injured patients with cerebral contusion and intracranial hypertension without significant complications. Our data suggest that 5 days of long-term cooling is more efficacious than 2 days of short-term cooling when mild hypothermia is used to control refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.