全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变的疗效分析

目的 评价全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变的疗效、手术特点、假体选择及凝血因子替代治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 2003年6月至2009年4月,采用全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变患者19例(25膝);年龄18～54岁,平均33.4岁.Ⅷ因子替代治疗方案为手术当天补充至100%,术后3 d内80%以上,术后3 d至一周60%以上.术后进行以持续被动活动器(CPM)为主的功能锻炼,锻炼时机为Ⅷ因子输注后6 h内.观察比较手术前后膝关节HSS评分、疼痛、活动度及并发症.结果 18例(24膝)患者得到随访,随访时间7～54月,平均31个月.术前患者HSS评分为平均(51±14)分(31～64),术后HSS评分为平均(86±9.5)分(62～110).关节活动度由术前平均55°±26.3°(10°～100°),改善为术后平均82°±18.6°(60°～100°).屈曲畸形由术前平均19°±13°(0°～45°),改善为术后平均2.7°±3.2°(0°～10°).所有患者术后1～5 d时间内检测的平均Ⅶ因子浓度为74.07%.术后1例发生关节出血,1例发生腓总神经麻痹,1例患者术后17个月因假体感染行翻修术.结论 在合理补充凝血因子条件下,全膝关节置换术是治疗血友病膝关节病变的有效方法,可明显改善膝关节症状和活动度.     

全膝关节置换术治疗血友病膝关节炎

目的：评价全膝关节置换术治疗血友病膝关节病变的疗效、手术特点、假体选择及凝血因子替代治疗的有效性和安全性。方法：2008年1月至2010年6月,采用全膝关节置换术治疗男性血友病性膝关节炎患者10例（12膝）,年龄17～49岁,平均33.6岁,其中8例为甲型血友病,2例为乙型血友病。根据Arnold和Hilgartner影像学分级：7膝为Ⅳ级,5膝为V级。Ⅷ因子替代治疗方案为手术当天补充至80%以上,术后3d内60%以上,术后3d～2周40%以上。Ⅸ因子替代治疗方案为手术当天补充凝血酶原复合物制剂（PCC）使FⅨ活性水平〉40%,术后3d内FⅨ活性水平〉30%,术后3d～2周FⅨ因子活性水平〉20%。观察比较手术前后膝关节HSS评分及各单项评分（包括疼痛、功能、活动度、肌力、屈曲畸形及稳定性）。结果：10例（12膝）均获随访,时间6～24个月,平均11个月。术前HSS（44.9±12.5）分（29～62分）改善为术后（84.4±10.2）分（72～96分）;各单项评分包括疼痛、功能、活动度、肌力、屈曲畸形及稳定性均较术前明显提高。同时发现在疼痛方面由术前平均（8.5±4.1）分改善为术后（24.5±4.4）分,TKA缓解疼痛作用明显。结论：在严格围手术期凝血因子的替代治疗下,TKA已成为血友病性膝关节炎一种安全有效的治疗手段,可以有效减轻膝关节疼痛,改善膝关节功能。     

膝关节置换术治疗重型血友病性膝关节炎1例

患者,男,40岁,4岁时确诊为血友病(甲)。于20年前出现右膝关节间断性肿胀、疼痛,且上述症状逐渐加重。于15年前右膝关节不能伸直,活动受限,未给予治疗。近日出现右膝关节肿胀疼痛加重。凝血因子全套中Ⅷ因子<1%,其余凝血因子均在正常范围之内。查体:可见全身多处瘀斑,右膝关节肿     

全膝关节置换术治疗晚期A型血友病性关节炎的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗晚期血友病性关节炎的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年9月于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院行TKA治疗晚期A型血友病性关节炎的10例病人的临床资料,其中男7例,女3例,年龄为(38.1±8.2)岁(26～50岁).术前凝血Ⅷ因子水平为1.4％±1.2％,部分凝血酶原时间...     

全膝关节置换治疗血友病关节炎围手术期处理及短期疗效评价

 目的 探讨血友病关节炎全膝置换围手术期管理、凝血因子调控及早期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2014年3月采用全膝关节置换治疗8例（10膝）血友病膝关节炎患者资料,均为男性患者,年龄31~47岁,平均（38.3±5.0）岁;术前活化部分凝血活酶时间为（63.9±4.0） s,凝血因子活性为2.6%±0.9%;膝关节均有屈曲畸形,伸膝-12.0°±5.9°,屈膝-88.0°±11.4°。其中3例（3膝）合并外翻畸形,外翻角平均-3.0°±5.4°;2例（4膝）合并内翻畸形,内翻角平均-4.5°±6.0°。8例患者中,甲型6例,乙型2例,分别补充冻干人凝血八因子和凝血酶原复合物后手术。骨缺损根据AORI分型方法,T1、T2型采用骨水泥充填,T3包容型采用同种异体骨打压植骨、螺钉支撑内固定修复,T3节段型通过自体骨结构性植骨,并加用胫骨延长杆修复。采用美国特种外科医院（hospital for special surgery, HSS）膝关节评分评价膝关节功能。结果 8例患者均获得随访,随访时间9~26个月,平均14.3个月。末次随访时伸膝0°,屈膝98.5°±6.7°;HSS评分由术前（42.3±10.9）分提高到术后（88.3±4.6）分;X线片示植骨存活,假体、螺钉均未见松动、断裂。结论 全膝关节置换治疗血友病关节炎短期疗效满意,术前的预输试验有助于确定凝血因子的补充剂量。     

膝关节外翻畸形的人工全膝关节置换术

目的探讨膝关节外翻畸形患者行人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)的手术方法和临床效果。方法对1996年1月至2004年8月74例87个膝关节外翻畸形TKA手术进行回顾分析。患者男11例,女63例,平均年龄63岁(26~80岁);股胫角(股骨和胫骨解剖轴线的夹角)平均为21·59°(12°~40°);应用后稳定型假体,采用髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨加单纯外侧软组织松解方法。随访检查膝关节活动度、X线外翻角度及KSS评分以评价手术效果。结果术后评价随访时间33·8个月(5个月~9年),根据膝关节活动度数及KSS评分评估关节功能情况。膝关节平均活动度为112·4°(80°~130°),KSS评分平均为81·7分(71~93分),比术前提高了59分;功能评分平均为86·3分,比术前提高了59·8分。所有膝关节在行TKA后外翻畸形基本得到矫正,随访时外翻度数(股胫角)平均为8·7°(0°~11°),较术前有明显改善。随访时1例患者有膝关节轻度不稳症状,1例术前严重髌脱位患者术后髌骨存在半脱位,其余正常。结论对于膝关节外翻畸形患者,采用髌旁内侧入路、常规截骨加单纯外侧软组织松解以及安装后稳定型假体的方法,可取得比较满意的临床效果。     

全膝关节表面置换术的初步体会

目的探讨全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎的近期疗效。方法采取全膝关节表面置换术治疗6例7膝骨性关节炎。结果6例均获随访，最短随访8个月，最长17个月。HSS评分从术前平均33分提高到术后92分，全部膝关节术后力线正常，其中6膝优，1膝良。结论全膝关节表面置换术是治疗晚期膝关节骨性关节炎理想方法。     

全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(totalkneearthroplasty,TKA)治疗膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形的临床疗效。方法对40例(45膝)膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形患者采用后稳定型人工膝关节行TKA术。术后加压包扎,应用抗生素,并加强功能锻炼。应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析。结果本组均获随访,平均30个月(3个月～6年),HSS评分由术前平均(38±8.24)分提高为术后平均(83±8.53)分,其中优32膝,良10膝,可3膝,优良率为93.3%,活动度由术前平均67.44°改善至术后平均93.68°,总外翻角平均6.2°(0°～10°)。结论TKA是治疗膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形的有效方法,术中应重视膝周软组织平衡,矫正膝内翻畸形时遵循膝关节屈伸位间隙对称的原则,术后应加强功能康复训练。     

Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is very effective in relieving pain and improving function in patients with advanced hemophilic arthropathy. Because of intra-articular fibrosis and extra-articular muscle contracture, the gain in motion after TKA has been unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study is to report the results of TKA in patients with hemophilia using posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-sacrificing prostheses. From April 1987 to May 1998, 9 patients underwent 14 PCL-sacrificing TKAs for advanced hemophilic arthropathy. The average length of follow-up evaluation in surviving patients (13 knees) was 77 months (range, 25-159). A statistically significant difference was found between the preoperative and postoperative values with respect to pain score (5 vs 48), functional score (42 vs 78), flexion deformity (17 degrees vs 5 degrees ), and flexion range (56 degrees vs 81 degrees ). Nine complications occurred in 6 knees. One patient died from HIV-related complications, and none of the patients seroconverted to HIV during the follow-up period.     

Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy

BACKGROUND: Arthropathy of the knee frequently develops in patients with hemophilia, who may require a total knee arthroplasty at a young age. Hemophilic patients, who require regular intravenous replacement of coagulation factor, have a higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which can compromise the outcome of the arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prosthetic survival following total knee arthroplasty and identify factors associated with failures of the arthroplasties in hemophilic patients. METHODS: The results of fifty-three total knee arthroplasties performed in thirty-eight patients (twenty-nine of whom were seropositive for HIV) to treat hemophilic arthropathy between 1976 and 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Inpatient and outpatient medical records were studied to determine the HIV status, CD4 lymphocyte count, type of prosthesis, duration of prosthetic survival, cause of failure, and cause of death. If an arthroplasty failed, the outcome of the treatment of the failed arthroplasty was also determined. RESULTS: The rate of survival of the prostheses was 90% after five years. Eleven total knee arthroplasties failed. The most common cause of failure was infection (seven knees), which developed at an average of sixty months (range, three to 138 months) after the arthroplasty. There was no significant difference in the CD4 lymphocyte counts between the patients in whom infection developed and those in whom it did not. The HIV status also did not appear to be related to the development of infection. Thirteen patients died, and the most common cause of death was complications associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CONCLUSIONS: Total knee arthroplasty performed to treat hemophilic arthropathy has a high risk of failure as a result of infection. Most infections developed late and were frequently caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, suggesting that a likely cause of failure due to infection was hematogenous spread during administration of coagulation factor. It may be difficult to salvage a prosthesis complicated by infection. However, the life expectancy of hemophilic patients is lower than that of the general population of patients treated with total knee arthroplasty, and the improvement in the quality of life after total knee arthroplasty for hemophilic arthropathy may outweigh the risk of failure.     

Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy

Chronic arthropathy causes major functional disability in patients with severe hemophilia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its impact on both quality of life and clotting factor use in patients with severe hemophilia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 17 TKAs in 12 patients. The TKAs were performed between 1986 and 1996, and follow-up was 8-132 months (mean, 54 months). Mean age at arthroplasty was 39 years (22-51 years). Quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form 36 (SF-36). RESULTS: Results were good or excellent in 94% of patients. The improvement was greatest for pain. Recurrent hemarthrosis in six patients and development of an anticoagulant in two patients were the only postoperative complications. Clotting factor use did not decrease significantly after surgery. SF-36 scores showed an increase in physical activity responsible for an improvement in quality-of-life indicators. However, this improvement in functional capabilities seemed to wane over time as a result of arthropathy in other joints and of intercurrent diseases. CONCLUSION: TKA for hemophilic arthropathy provides good results that translate into quality-of-life gains.     

Total knee arthroplasty in chronic hemophilic arthropathy

Nine total knee arthroplasties were performed in seven patients with either Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) or Hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) and followed for an average of 52 months. A total condylar prosthesis was used in eight virgin knees and a stemmed variable axis prosthesis was used in one revision case. All knees demonstrated the severe joint destruction and cartilage erosion characteristic of chronic hemophilic arthropathy. The average age at operation was 32 years. All patients were evaluated using the knee disability assessment of The Hospital for Special Surgery. All knees were postoperatively rated as either excellent or good. Pain, function, and range of motion were markedly improved. Postoperative radiographic alignment averaged 4 degrees of valgus with half of the virgin knees demonstrating 1 mm or less of non-progressive tibial radiolucency without clinical loosening. The only complication was hemarthrosis from 37 to 59 months postoperatively. This was thought to be secondary to trauma to residual synovium. Total knee arthroplasty in the hemophiliac is a viable alternative to conventional methods of treatment for chronic arthropathy and expectations for pain relief and functional gain can be high.     

Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy of the knee

Twenty-five total knee arthroplasties were performed in 21 patients with hemophilia. The mean patient age was 35.8 years and mean follow-up time was 6.2 years. The average preoperative knee score increased from 18.6 points (range, 3-29) to 82.8 points (range, 44-99). The average preoperative knee function score increased from 41.4 points (range, 20-60 points) to 75.8 points (range, 45-95 points). The average preoperative range of motion was 73.4 degrees with an average flexion contracture of 22.6 degrees, whereas the average postoperative range of motion increased to 92.2 degrees with an average flexion contracture of 5.6 degrees. Median consumption of coagulation factor concentrate decreased from 4837 U/month before operation to 1500 U/month 1 year after surgery. The total knee arthroplasty is a useful treatment in severe hemophilic arthropathy to obtain pain relief and functional improvement, and to reduce the need for ongoing treatment using coagulation factor concentrate.     

Total knee arthroplasty for the treatment of chronic hemophilic arthropathy

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for hemophilic (factor VIII deficiency) arthropathy is a complex and demanding procedure with a high complication rate. However, the long-term benefits have not previously been reported. This study reviews 19 TKAs performed for hemophilic arthropathy that were followed for a minimum of 5.5 years and an average of 9.5 years. At present, 13 knees have good or excellent results, and six knees rate as poor or failures. Those patients with excellent results have maintained good pain relief and function. Four of the six failures were among the first seven arthroplasties performed, when only 80% factor VIII coverage was used during the perioperative period. Since the use of 100% factor VIII coverage was instituted, the failure rate has declined. Ten of the 19 knees suffered complications, including one deep infection, six superficial skin necroses, three nerve palsies, seven postoperative bleedings, and one transfusion reaction. Six of the seven knees operated on under 80% factor VIII coverage had complications. Once 100% factor VIII coverage was instituted, the only complications included one skin necrosis and three postoperative bleedings. The roentgenographic failure rate has remained high with progressive roentgenographic lucencies in 13 of 19 tibial components, associated with component shift in three knees. While these roentgenographic findings have not necessarily correlated with clinical results, they are disturbing and may portend future failures. However, pain relief and improved function are maintained at longer follow-up times. The best results were obtained under 100% factor VIII coverage using a posterior stabilized prosthesis and patellar resurfacing.     

The mid-term clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty in the management of end-stage hemophilic arthropathy

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the management of end-stage hemophilic arthropathy.Methods:Eleven patients (15 knees) undergoing TKA with stiff knees were retrospectively evaluated. TKA was performed in all patients without additional surgical interventions such as posterior capsular release, hamstring release, synovectomy, VY quadricepsplasty, or tibial tubercle osteotomy. All patients were evaluated for clinical and radiological results at follow-ups. Functional evaluation and pain status were assessed using the Knee Society Score and Visual Analogue Scale.Results:The mean age at the time of operation was 40.8 ± 11.8 years (range = 30–64 years). The mean follow-up was 51.2 ± 20.6 months (range = 24–95). The mean flexion contracture significantly decreased from 17.6 ± 11.3 to 1.7 ± 2.8 degrees, and the mean maximum flexion increased dramatically from 55.6 ± 20.5 to 109.2 ± 16.2 degrees (P < 0.001). Statistical significant improvement in flexion and flexion contracture degrees continued up to the postoperatively 18 months. The mean Knee Society Score increased from 22.7 ± 2.4 points preoperatively to 87.8 ± 3.8 points at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). The mean cost of coagulation factor consumption and blood transfusion accounted for 78% of the total cost. Conclusion:This study has shown that TKA is an effective treatment for relieving pain and improving both ranges of motion and quality of life in managing end-stage hemophilic arthropathy of the knee joint.Level of Evidence: Level IV, Therapeutic Study