丝网印刷碳纳米管薄膜的电子发射

将碳纳米管(CNT)浆料印刷在不锈钢衬底上,进行了特殊的热烧结和后处理工艺处理.经过特殊热烧结和后处理工艺处理后的试样,在外加电场后,电子发射的开启电场从2.50 V/μm降低到1.40 V/μm.外加电场为3.30 V/μm时场发射电流从8.50 μA/cm<'2>提高到350μA/cm2,场发射效率提高;当场强为4.0 V/μm时,阳极上荧光点的面密度约从(5～8)个/cm2提高到(22～26)个/cm2,发射均匀性得到有效的提高.讨论了丝网印刷CNT薄膜中电子的场发射实验,表明特殊的热烧结和后处理工艺使CNT之间的残留物厚度变薄,而且使更多的CNT均匀地露出薄膜表面,只有电子隧穿达到裸露的CNT才能有效地发生场发射.     

大面积碳纳米管冷阴极的制备与研究

针对碳纳米管(CNT)阴极场发射均匀性这一关关键难题，根据CNT场发射理论制备了一种新型碳纳米管阴极印刷浆料，实验表明：质量分数约为20％的纯化CNT与4．2％的导电氧化物粘接材料混合形成的印刷浆料，其阴极具有较佳的发射均匀特性，用丝网印刷技术制作成的大面积(对角线长度大于12．5cm)阴极，再经过快速烧结技术及两步后处理工艺，既能除掉粘接材料又能使CNT很好地与衬底固定，并使碳纳米管部分直立和充分暴露，进一步改善了发射均匀性，该均匀发射的阴极开启场为2．0V／μm在电场强度阴极可望应用于场致发射显示器，液晶显示的背光源、电光源等器件。     

热敷法制备丝状阴极及其在场发射中的应用

采用热敷法将碳纳米管(CNT)浆料直接热敷在Ni丝上制备成丝状阴极,并在圆柱形灯管中采用二极结构测试其场发射性能.扫描电镜(SEM)测试表明,丝状阴极的表面有一层均匀的CNT材料;场发射结果表明,CNT-Ni丝状阴极与传统的场发射阴极相比具有更优良的场发射性能,开启电场为0.15 V/μm,当电压为2280V时发射电流达到4 mA.在腔体中测试其发光亮度,最高值达到了14000 cd/m2.     

一种有效提高CNTs/CNFs阴极场发射性能的热处理方法

报道了一种新的提高碳纳米管／碳纳米纤维（CNTs／CNFs）丝网印刷阴极场发射性能的后处理方法。利用化学气相沉积（CVD）方法制备的CNTs／CNFs作为阴极材料,采用丝网印刷工艺在玻璃基板上制备场发射阴极,在H2和C2H2混合气氛下500℃处理20min,能有效提高其场发射性能,改善场发射显示器的发光均匀性。热处理后的阴极开启电压从2．4V降低到1．8V,在电场为3．9V／μm时,电流密度从0．02mA／cm^2提高到0．50mA／cm^2,发光点密度提高了近4个数量级。场发射特性的提高主要是由于热处理使阴极表面出现了大量突出并互相间有一定间距的CNTs／CNFs,这种形貌非常有利于电子场发射。     

涂敷法制备的碳纳米管阴极的场发射研究

研究了用涂敷法制备碳纳米管阴极的新工艺和改善其场发射特性的新方法,裂解法获得的碳纳米管与有机粘合剂等混合、研磨,直接涂敷在Si基底上,二极管结构测量的结果表明,碳纳米管阴极有较低的开启电场(1．25～1．5V／μm),场强为5V／μm时,电流密度达到了42μA／cm^2,F—N曲线也非常符合场发射规律。浆料中粘合剂的比例增大时,碳纳米管阴极的场发射性能会有所降低,施加外电场会改善其场发射特性。     

电解液法改善碳纳米管阴极场发射特性

针对丝网印刷碳纳米管(CNT)阴极,提出用电解液法进行表面后处理,有效改善碳纳米管阴极场发射特性.利用扫描电子显微镜表征电解液法处理前后CNT阴极表面形貌变化,并对处理前后CNT阴极进行场发射特性测试.结果表明,电解液法处理后有更多的CNT伸出有机浆料表面,开启电场从2.4 V/μm降低到1.4 V/μm,同样面积的薄膜(印制面积为1 cm×1 cm)在3.0 V/μm场强下的发射电流由100μA提高到了1 800μA,说明电解液处理对于提高薄膜的场发射特性有明显作用.该方法在碳纳米管场发射显示器的制作中具有很好的实际应用价值.     

不同转移法对碳纳米管场发射特性的影响

通过印刷法、喷涂法和电泳沉积法转移经过处理的碳纳米管(CNT)原料到ITO电极上,高温烧结制备CNT阴极阵列,并对CNT的表面形貌和场发射性能进行测试分析。结果表明,不同转移方法对CNT阴极场发射性能的影响不同,印刷法、喷涂法及电泳沉积法3种方法制备CNT阴极场发射的开启电场分别为2.21、1.62和1.85 V/μm;当电场为2.3 V/μm时,喷涂法制备的CNT阴极场发射性能最佳,电泳沉积法制备CNT阴极次之,印刷法制备的CNT阴极最差,并根据金属半导体理论分析其原因。     

碳纳米管场致发射阴极浆料的研制

通过筛选阴极浆料中的载体、不同种类的粘结剂和添加剂,开发出具有优良场致发射性能的大面积、低成本丝网印刷复合阴极浆料并烧结制成阴极。结果表明:在电场强度为3.2V/μm下其电流密度约为42×10–3A/cm2,场发射均匀性很好,二极管型发光板发光亮度为625cd/m2。该阴极适用于制作大面积的CNT-FED阴极和液晶显示器的背光源。     

三极FED分段复合衬底电极的特性和制作

结合丝网印刷技术、烘烤工艺和烧结工艺,采用印刷ZnO层和银浆层相结合的方案,进行了分段复合衬底电极的制作。该分段复合衬底电极能够降低无效的阴极电压降,增强三极场发射显示器的发光亮度并改善其发光均匀性,且制作成本低廉。分段复合衬底电极避免了过长过细衬底电极现象,促使碳纳米管提供更多电子,同时有效改善了碳纳米管的场发射均匀性。利用碳纳米管作为阴极材料,进行了三极场发射显示器的研制,并进行点阵图像显示,从而证实了这种分段复合衬底电极制作工艺的可行性。与普通银电极场发射显示器相比,分段复合衬底电极场发射显示器能够将开启场强从1.92 V/μm降低到1.81 V/μm,其最大场发射电流由1 332.5μA提高到2 137.8μA,具有典型的场致发射特性以及优良的图像发光均匀性。     

双层掺混结构CNT薄膜的制备及场发射性能

针对单层掺混结构改善丝网印刷碳纳米管(CNT)薄膜场发射性能的局限性,提出了一种能有效改善CNT薄膜场发射性能的双层掺混结构。相比传统单层掺混结构的CNT阴极薄膜,双层掺混薄膜中上层TiO2介质掺混结构能有效提高CNT的增强因子,下层导电纳米钛粉掺混结构能降低CNT与衬底电极间的接触电阻、提高CNT导电网络的电子传输能力。场发射I-V特性测试表明,当CNT和钛的掺混质量比为1∶1且氮气中预烧温度为450℃时,双层掺混结构CNT薄膜的开启场强为1.53V/μm,电流密度在场强为2.0V/μm时达79.5μA/cm2。该方法为改善丝网印刷CNT薄膜的场发射性能提供了一种可行方案。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.