MoS_2含量对Cu/Cu-MoS_2功能复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用真空热压法制备不同MoS2含量的Cu/Cu-MoS2功能复合材料,测定其密度、硬度和电导率,并用MMU-5GA微机控制真空高温摩擦磨损试验机测试其摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电镜对试样显微组织及磨损形貌进行观察,并进行能谱分析。结果表明:通过真空热压法制备的功能复合材料组织均匀、过渡层明显,Cu层与耐磨层的过渡平稳,界面结合强度较高;烧结过程中,Cu与部分MoS2发生反应,烧结产物主要为复杂的CuS-Mo化合物及单质Mo;随着MoS2含量的增加,材料的电导率和密度下降,硬度及耐磨性提高;单质Mo及MoS2对材料的耐磨性影响较大,当耐磨层含3%质量分数的MoS2时,功能复合材料的电导率与耐磨性有较好的配合。     

热压法制备W-Mo-Cr-Al_2O_3复合材料的微观结构与力学性能

以亚微米级W、Mo、Al2O3粉末和微米级Cr粉为原料,在1 600℃下热压制备W-Mo-Cr-Al2O3复合材料,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)研究该复合材料的微观结构和断口形貌,测试复合材料的力学性能,对其断裂模式进行分析,并研究Al2O3含量对W-Mo-Cr-Al2O3复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:W-Mo-Cr-Al2O3复合材料中存在分布均匀的富W,Cr(W,Mo)金属相和Al2O3陶瓷相。W、Mo、Cr之间可以部分溶解,特别是Cr溶于Al2O3可增强金属相和陶瓷相的结合,使材料具有很高的强度和韧性。随Al2O3含量(体积分数)从10%提高到30%,材料的硬度提高17%,但抗弯强度和韧性分别降低8%和3%。复合材料的断裂模式为沿富W相/Al2O3相的界面、富W相/Cr(W,Mo)相界面及Cr(W,Mo)相/Al2O3相界面的沿晶断裂和Cr(W,Mo)相的穿晶断裂。     

Al_2O_3含量对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备铜基摩擦材料,研究Al_2O_3的添加量对材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:Al_2O_3对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响与摩擦速度密切相关;随着Al_2O_3含量增加,材料的摩擦因数提高,密度降低,硬度增加,磨损量先减小后增大,Al_2O_3质量分数为9%时,复合材料的摩擦因数较高且稳定,磨损量最小。不含Al2O3的材料摩擦表面出现大量凹坑,磨损严重,随着Al_2O_3含量提高,凹坑数量减少,弥散分布的Al_2O_3粒子能强化基体表面强度,从而导致材料磨损量降低。     

Al2O3/AlTiC/ZrO2/透辉石陶瓷材料的力学性能及微观结构

将金属Al、Al3Ti和TiC以AlTiC中间合金的形式以及ZrO2颗粒共同引入Al2O3基体材料中,热压制备了Al2O3/TiC/ZrO2/AlN复合材料.在此基础上,添加(体积分数)1%透辉石作为烧结助剂,以实现复合材料的液相烧结并促进其致密化程度.复合材料在烧结过程中有新相AlN生成;同时Al、TiC以及Al3Ti释放的Ti原子发生原子重组生成Al2Ti4C.对热压后材料的硬度、断裂韧度和抗弯强度进行了测试和分析;探讨了透辉石对材料致密化程度及力学性能的影响效果;研究了复合材料断面断裂方式的变化对其力学性能的影响;并对AlTiC中间合金的细化特性进行了分析.     

Fe含量及摩擦组元对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料性能的影响

以电解Cu粉、还原Fe粉、石墨等为主要原料,采用粉末冶金加压烧结工艺制备了Cu基粉末冶金摩擦材料,研究了Fe含量及SiO2、Al2O3、SiC等摩擦组元对烧结合金的显微组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:Fe主要影响摩擦材料的力学性能,随Fe含量的增加,摩擦材料的硬度、抗压强度和抗弯强度显著提高,Fe含量为15%(质量分数,下同)时具有高摩擦系数、较低磨损量和稳定的摩擦过程;添加摩擦组元SiC后的材料强度最高、摩擦系数最大、磨损量最小,但增加了对偶材料的磨损,加SiO2后材料摩擦系数最小、磨损量最大,Al2O3所起作用介于二者之间。     

Al2O3含量对Ni-W-Al2O3复合镀层性能的影响

采用直流电沉积技术在45#钢基体上制备Ni-W-Al2O3复合镀层,通过显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、划痕仪等研究Al2O3颗粒含量对复合镀层的力学性能及摩擦磨损性能等的影响,并用SEM、XRD对复合镀层的表面断面形貌、物相结构进行分析.结果表明,Ni-W-Al2O3复合镀层为晶态结构,其耐磨性能明显优于Ni-W镀层,且随着Al2O3颗粒含量的增加,复合镀层的摩擦系数呈现出先减小后增大趋势.磨损形式主要表现为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损.复合镀层与基体之间结合牢固,结合力大小约为70~80 N.当Al2O3含量为5 g/L时,复合镀层的综合性能最优.     

纳米凹凸棒石对磨损表面的摩擦改性

将主要含有Mg、Al、O、Si等元素的凹凸棒石按质量分数0.5%添加在柴油机润滑油CD 15W/40中,配制成对比油样。分别利用X射线衍射(XRD)与透射电镜(TEM)分析凹凸棒石的物相组成及颗粒形貌,使用环块摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦实验,借助表面轮廓仪、聚焦离子束扫描电镜(focus ion-beam scanning electron microscope,FIBSEM)、能量弥散X射线探测器(energy dispersive X-ray detector,EDX)及TEM分析试样的磨损量及磨损表面的形貌、元素和物相组成,并探讨磨损表面的摩擦改性机理。结果表明:该凹凸棒石属于一维纳米材料,分散在CD 15W/40润滑油中使摩擦副的磨损量降低约66%,磨损表面光滑;摩擦过程中,纳米凹凸棒石与摩擦副表面发生复杂的化学反应,形成一层厚度约为10~20 nm的摩擦改性层,其物相组成为晶态和非晶态的SiO2和铝硅酸盐,含有Al、Fe、Si、O、C等元素。     

粉末冶金制备碳纤维增强铁-铜基摩擦材料的组织与性能

以铁-铜为主组元,以石墨和MoS2为润滑组元,以Al2O3、SiC、锆英砂为摩擦组元,并添加不同质量分数的碳纤维,将原料混合均匀后经600 MPa冷压成形,然后在氢气气氛下热压烧结2 h(980℃,2~3 MPa),制备得到碳纤维增强铁-铜基摩擦材料,并对其硬度、相对密度、显微组织、摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明:铁-铜基体上均匀分布着耐磨的陶瓷相及润滑组元,铁-铜基体有部分固溶,碳纤维掩埋在基体和摩擦组元间。当碳纤维质量分数为2%~4%时,所制备的摩擦材料硬度为HV 102.2~118.6,相对密度为90.4%~92.6%,摩擦系数为0.56~0.60,磨损失重量最小。该摩擦材料的磨损主要为磨粒磨损,伴随少量粘着磨损。碳纤维可以强化基体,钉扎摩擦组元,在摩擦磨损过程中隔断犁沟,降低材料磨损。     

Al2O3 Mo金属陶瓷测温套管凝胶注模成型工艺

 采用凝胶注模成型工艺制备Al2O3 Mo金属陶瓷。预混液中单体丙烯酰胺AM和交联剂N,N′ 亚甲基双丙烯酰胺MBAM质量比为35∶1,总量为干坯质量的539%时,干坯强度相对较高。分散剂加入量在065%~090%时,浆料粘度为35~36 Pa·s,适于凝胶注模。对烧结金属陶瓷试样作体积密度测定及线扫描分析,结果表明,凝胶注模成型Al2O3 Mo金属陶瓷烧结后体积密度为425 g/cm3,而模压成型、同等条件制备的Al2O3 Mo金属陶瓷体积密度仅为372 g/cm3。烧结试样断口各成分分布比较均匀,没有出现明显的偏析现象。制备出的Al2O3 Mo金属陶瓷测温套管可成功应用于高温合金测温。     

球磨时间对Al2O3/Mo复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3/Mo混合粉体,利用高能球磨法细化Al2O3/Mo复合材料中氧化铝和钼的晶粒尺寸,研究了球磨时间对Al2O3/Mo复合材料组织与性能的影响,利用XRD和扫描电镜对复合粉末形貌和复合材料进行了物相和形貌分析。研究表明:随着球磨时间的延长,复合粉末的形貌经历了球状到层片状再到球状的变化,粉末粒度逐渐减小,经粉末冶金烧结后的复合材料中,氧化铝和钼的粒径逐渐减小,经过60h的球磨,氧化铝颗粒的尺寸达到500nm左右;复合材料的密度呈现先增加后减小的趋势,显微硬度则逐渐上升至403.2HV。     

Al_2O_3-CeO_2-ZrO_2-Ni系球磨过程中的分散性和相变研究

运用XRD、SEM等方法研究了Al2O3-CeO2-ZrO2-Ni高能球磨体系在不同的球磨工艺条件下的组织结构转变和分散性的问题.结果表明,四种物质一起球磨时,不会发生机械合金化,但随着球磨时间的延长,Al2O3、CeO2、ZrO2粉末都会不断被细化,而Ni颗粒仍较粗大且分布很不均匀.通过改变球磨顺序,将CeO2、ZrO2和Ni先球磨30 h再添加Al2O3继续球磨30 h,却能使CeO2和ZrO2发生合金化生成固溶体,且Ni颗粒有明显的细化,分散性也明显提高.     

Temperature Programmed Reduction Studies on CeO2-Containing Catalysts

Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) study was carried out for CeO2/A12O3 and CeO2/ZrO2 catalysts to evaluate oxygen storage property induced by a facile redox cycling of Ce ion. The CeO2/ZrO2 catalyst possesses excellent oxygen storage activity at 373 K after reduction above 1173 K although the oxygen storage of CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst after reduction above 1173 K is poor because of the formation of CeAlO3. Consequently, the oxygen storage on the CeO2/ZrO2 catalyst smoothly occurs from low temperatures when the catalyst is reduced even at high temperatures.     

Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane over Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3

Nickel catalysts supported on CeO2-ZrO2-CeO2,ZrO2-Al2O3 and Al2O3 were prepared and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）,BET areas,H2 temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.Through the test of catalytic partial oxidation of methane（CPOM）,Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 displayed the highest activity,which resulted from its largest BET area and best NiO dispersion.Furthermore,Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 maintained a long-time stability in CPOM,which was attributed to its best coking resistance among all the prepared catalysts.     

Preparation of Cordierite Ceramic Using Mixtures of Ce4+-Modified Amorphous Powder and Oxide Powders

The cordierite ceramic with a high strength and a low thermal expansion coefficient was prepared by using mixtures of Ce4 -modified cordierite amorphous powder and oxide powders of MgO, Al2O3 and SiO2 as starting materials. The transformation procedure of the powders was analyzed by XRD method and the surface morphology of ceramics was examined by SEM method. The flexural strength was measured in a mechanical property testing machine using the Three-Point-Bending sample. Experimental results show that the ceramic added with 10%(mass fraction) of Ce4 -modified amorphous powder is composed of α-cordierite and small amount of CeO2 particles, and has a porosity of 15%(volume fraction) and a flexural strength of 32.6 MPa when sintered at 1350 ℃ for 3 h. It is suggested that this low-cost process is suitable for preparing the components such as supports of vehicle exhaust converters and diesel particulate trappers.     

Investigation of Formation and Inhibition Mechanism of Cerium Conversion Films on Al 2024 Alloy

To study the mechanism of formation and inhibition of Ce conversion films on A1 2024-T3 alloy, scanning microreference electrode technique (SMRE) is used to probe the potential map on A1 2024-T3 in CeC13 solution, the localized corrosion of A1 alloy decreases with immersion time and disappears finally, which results from the competition of Cl^- aggression and Ce^3 inhibition on alloy surface. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that the Ce conversion films consist of Al2O3, CeO2 and Ce2O3 (Ce(OH)3), and CeO2/Ce2O3 ratio decreases with the immersion time. When a critical pH for Ce(OH)3 formation was reached, Ce(OH)3 will precipitate on the micro cathodic area on alloy surface. Consequently, H2O2, the product of the catholic reaction will oxidize a part of Ce(OH)3 to CeO2, which appears a better corrosion resistance for Al alloys.     

CeO2对不锈钢基SiO2-BaO-Al2O3-Cr2O3陶瓷涂层性能的影响

采用高温熔烧法于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基材表面制备掺CeO2的SiO2-BaO-Al2O3-Cr2O3陶瓷涂层,研究了不同含量CeO2对涂层的抗氧化性、抗热震性和硬度的影响。研究结果表明,含CeO2的不锈钢基SiO2-BaO-Al2O3-Cr2O3陶瓷涂层能有效阻止不锈钢基体的氧化增重,提高涂层的抗热震性能及硬度。本实验条件下,CeO2含量2.8%时,涂层具有最好的抗氧化性能和抗热震性能。     

稀土Y、Ce对钼合金力学性能的影响

实验以MoO2和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O、Y(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,通过固-液掺杂、还原、烧结、拉伸制备钼合金丝。通过XRD、扫描电镜以及力学性能试验,研究了稀土元素Y、Ce在粉末及钼合金中的存在形式以及对钼合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:Y、Ce元素分别以CeO2和Y2O3形式存在于钼粉中,Y对钼粉颗粒长大的抑制效果高于Ce;钼合金中,稀土Y和Ce作用不同,Y抑制晶粒的长大,延迟烧结;而Ce促进烧结,使烧结完全致密化;钼合金丝中,CeO2质点以纤维状存在,有利于提高钼丝的塑性,而Y2O3质点以球状颗粒存在,钼合金丝的室温和高温抗拉强度较高。Y、Ce的共同作用,MYCe合金丝综合力学性能好。     

Preparation and Performance of Al2 TiO5 -TiO2 -SiO2 Honeycomb Ceramics by Doping Rare Earth

A preferable honeycomb ceramics of Al2TiO5-TiO2-SiO2 doped by CeO2 and Er2O3 with high performance was prepared by means of extrusion molding and the effects of CeO2 and Er2O3 on the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and sintering temperature of ATS ceramics were mainly investigated. The experimental results and the microscopic analysis by scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffxaction, and TG-DSC showed that adding CeO2 and Er2O3 into ATS could prohibit the growth of their crystal grains and make their size uniform, which finally decrease its sintering temperature, and also enhance its mechanical performance as well as thermal stability. After the reforming, ATS doped by 0.5% CeO2 ＋0.5% Er2O3 was sintered at 1250 ℃, its bending strength reached to 177A MPa and thermal expansion coefficient was 3.8 ~ 10^-6/℃ at 25 - 1000℃, which provided a promising basis of making monolithic honeycomb catalyst of deNOx.     

Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合材料的制备及抗氧化性能研究

采用机械化学还原法结合热压烧结制备了Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合材料,并对复合材料在600℃下的氧化行为进行了研究。结果表明:以MoO_3粉、Mo粉、Si粉和Al粉为原料,机械球磨10h,可获得具有纳米晶结构的Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合粉体;相比纯Mo5Si3试样,Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合材料的烧结相对密度和硬度提高,分别达97.2%和1350HV;Al_2O_3的引入可有效防止Mo_5Si_3的低温"粉化"现象,使Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合材料的抗氧化性明显提高,其氧化动力学曲线呈近似抛物线规律。