Analysis of adaptive shell structures using a refined laminated model

This work presents the development of a shell conical panel finite element model, which has the possibility of having embedded piezoelectric actuators and/or sensors patches. A mixed laminated theory is used, which combines an equivalent single layer higher order shear deformation approach for the mechanical behavior with a layerwise representation in the thickness direction to describe the distribution of the electric potential in each of the piezoelectric layers of the finite element. The electrical potential function is represented through a linear variation across the thickness with two electric potential nodes for each piezoelectric layer. Based in this model an active damping scheme applied to laminated shell structures is presented and discussed.     

Buckling optimization of composite laminated adaptive structures

This paper deals with the optimal design of laminated composite plates with integrated piezoelectric actuators. Refined finite element models based on equivalent single layer high-order shear deformation theories are used. These models are combined with simulated annealing, a stochastic global optimization technique, in order to find the optimal location of piezoelectric actuators and also to find the optimal fiber reinforcement angles in both cases having the objective of maximizing the buckling load of the composite adaptive plate structure. To show the performance of the proposed optimization models, two illustrative and simple examples are presented and discussed. In one of these examples a comparison between the simulated annealing technique and a gradient based optimization scheme, is carried out.     

自适应模拟退火结合共轭梯度法求解薄膜厚度

根据薄膜光学计算理论和最优化理论,提出了用自适应模拟退火法结合共轭梯度法确定薄膜厚度的新方法。该方法建立的数学模型先采用自适应模拟退火算法搜索,再采用共轭梯度算法精确查找。它不但减少了无损伤测量方法对初始计算条件的过多依赖,而且在保证精确度的情况下极大地提高了计算速度,同时有很高的适应性。实验中,应用该方法求解了三层膜系的厚度,计算时间为3s,计算误差小于4nm。     

Optimal design of piezolaminated structures

This paper presents refined finite element models based on higher-order displacement fields to study the mechanical and electrical behavior of laminated composite plate structures with embedded and/or surface bonded piezoelectric actuators and sensors. Sensitivity analysis and optimization techniques are also applied in order to maximize the piezoelectric actuator efficiency, improve the structural performance and/or minimize the weight of the structure. The application of structural optimization to the static shape control of adaptive structures is also addressed. To show the performance of the proposed models, several illustrative and simple examples are presented.     

Metric-driven mesh optimization using a local simulated annealing algorithm

We report on results obtained with a metric-driven mesh optimization procedure for simplicial meshes based on the simulated annealing (SA) method. The use of SA improves the chances of removing pathological clusters of bad elements, that have the tendency to lock into frozen configurations in difficult regions of the model such as corners and complex face intersections, prejudicing the overall quality of the final grid. A local version of the algorithm is developed that significantly lowers the computational cost. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, which is compared to a classical greedy Gauss–Seidel optimization. Substantial improvement in the quality of the worst elements of the grid is observed for the local simulated annealing optimization. Furthermore, the method appears to be robust to the choice of the algorithmic parameters. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Genetic algorithm based optimal design for vibration control of composite shell structures using piezoelectric sensors and actuators

The present article deals with the design of optimal vibration control of smart fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite shell structures using genetic algorithm (GA) based linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and layered shell coupled electro-mechanical finite element analysis. Open loop procedure has been used for optimal placement of actuators considering the control spillover of the higher modes to prevent closed loop instability. An improved real coded GA based LQR control scheme has been developed for designing an optimal controller in order to maximize the closed loop damping ratio while keeping actuators voltages within limit. Results show that increased closed loop-damping has been achieved with a large reduction of control effort considering control spillover.     

Optimal design and optimal control of structures undergoing finite rotations and elastic deformations

In this work, we deal with the optimal design and optimal control of structures undergoing large rotations and large elastic deformations. In other words, we show how to find the corresponding initial configuration through optimal design or the corresponding set of multiple load parameters through optimal control, in order to recover a desired deformed configuration or some desirable features of the deformed configuration as specified more precisely by the objective or cost function. The model problem chosen to illustrate the proposed optimal design and optimal control methodologies is the one of geometrically exact beam. First, we present a non‐standard formulation of the optimal design and optimal control problems, relying on the method of Lagrange multipliers in order to make the mechanics state variables independent from either design or control variables and thus provide the most general basis for developing the best possible solution procedure. Two different solution procedures are then explored, one based on the diffuse approximation of response function and gradient method and the other one based on genetic algorithm. A number of numerical examples are given in order to illustrate both the advantages and potential drawbacks of each of the presented procedures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solving a stochastic berth allocation problem using a hybrid sequence pair-based simulated annealing algorithm

In this article, a continuous berth allocation problem is studied with stochastic ship arrival and handling times. The objective is to minimize a weighted sum of the expected waiting costs, berthing deviation costs and expected overtime costs. The sequence pair representation is utilized to project the solution space of the problem into two permutations. Then, a scenario-based method is used to capture the uncertainty. To effectively solve the problem over the sequence pair solution space, a simulated annealing is combined with two algorithms. One of the algorithms is used to determine the berthing positions and the other one is used to determine the berthing times. Computational experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the solution method and to verify the advantages of the proposed stochastic approach. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is both efficient and effective.     

基于车内振动控制的多万向节相位优化

在简述传动轴扭转振动研究现状的基础上,针对万向节相位布置建立车内振动控制的平面多万向节传动的数学模型,并将该模型应用于实车优化方案的制定,仿真与试验结果表明优化方案是有效的与合理的,同时也在车内振动控制方面为平面多万向节相位布置的设计提供指导思路。     

基于改进模拟退火算法的复合材料层合板频率优化

针对复合材料层合板频率优化问题,结合可行规则法和直接搜索模拟退化算法,提出了一种自适应模拟退火(SA)改进算法。层合板优化目标是基频、频率带隙以及给定基频和带隙约束的层合板厚度。设计变量包括铺层角度和铺层数两种离散变量。改进算法的自适应新点产生模块采用依赖温度的动态调整搜索半径,改善了直接搜索模拟退化(DSA)算法易陷入局部极值的缺陷,而可行规则法的引入提高了SA算法求解约束问题的效率和简易性。采用Ritz法进行频率响应分析以考虑弯扭耦合影响。不同铺层数、角度增量和长宽比时的层合板3类算例结果显示:改进算法能有效求解层合板频率优化,可获得更多或更好的铺层顺序全局优化解。     

基于模糊自整定PID算法的压电柔性机械臂振动控制研究

柔性臂运行过程中的振动降低了其定位和操作精度,不同控制算法时的柔性臂抑振效果也不相同。针对刚-柔-电耦合的双连杆压电柔性机械臂,提出基于模糊自整定PID算法的柔性臂振动主动控制方法。利用MATLAB软件中的模糊工具箱,建立有效的模糊规则,实现了PID参数在线自整定模糊控制系统的设计与仿真。与常规PID控制算法相比较,仿真及实验结果表明:两种算法均能抑制柔性机械臂的振动,但模糊自整定PID控制器具有响应快、鲁棒性好、调整方便等优点,并更好地改善了控制系统的动态性能。     

Modelling and design of adaptive structures using B-spline strip models

The aim of this paper is to present a family of laminated plate/shell B-spline finite strip models based on higher order displacement fields applied to the optimal design of laminated composite plate/shell structures with embedded and/or surface bonded piezoelectric actuators and sensors. Simulated annealing, as a stochastic global optimisation technique, is used to improve the performance of composite adaptive structures subjected to behavioural functions and/or constraints, with continuous and discrete design variables. To show the applicability of the proposed optimisation models, two illustrative examples are presented and discussed.     

Optimal design and control of a reactive distillation system

This article presents the design and control of a reactive distillation system utilizing recent advances in mixed integer dynamic optimization. A high fidelity dynamic model is used to predict the behavior of the process under time-varying disturbances. Design and control decisions, involving both discrete and continuous variables, are simultaneously optimized leading to a more economically attractive and better controlled system than that obtained by following a sequential optimization approach. It is shown that the resulting design and control scheme can guarantee feasible operation under bounded uncertainty at a minimum total average cost, representing ～17% savings over the original design.     

Optimal topology design of industrial structures using an evolutionary algorithm

The paper demonstrates the application of a modified Evolutionary Structural Optimisation (ESO) algorithm for optimal design of topologies for complex structures. A new approach for adaptively controlling the material elimination and a ‘gauss point average stress’ is used as the ESO criterion in order to reduce the generation of checkerboard patterns in the resultant optimal topologies. Also, a convergence criterion is used to examine the uniformity of strength throughout a structure. The ESO algorithm is validated by comparing the ESO based solution with the result obtained using another numerical optimisation method (SIMP).     

Optimal design of skeletal structures using ant colony optimization

In this article, the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is employed for optimal design of skeletal structures. The advantage of using ACO lies in the fact that the discrete spaces can be optimized in a simple manner. The results of the present method are compared to those of the other optimization algorithms for some classic examples from the literature. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Feedback control of vibrating plates using piezoelectric patch sensors and actuators

An analysis of the solutions for various feedback control laws applied to vibrating simply supported plates is evaluated. The control is carried out via a piezoelectric patch sensor and patch actuator. By considering an integral equation formulation, which is equivalent to the differential equation formulation, the analytical results are investigated. The conversion is accomplished by introducing an explicit Green’s function. The feedback controls implemented include displacement, velocity, and a combination of these. A numerical comparison of eigenvalues is presented to illustrate the efficacy of the method and to contrast the effects of the controls. The results presented in the study can be used for benchmarking solutions based in numerical or approximation approaches.     

Topology design of structures using a dual algorithm and a constraint on the perimeter

Dual optimization algorithms are well suited for the topology design of continuum structures in discrete variables, since in these problems the number of constraints is small in comparison to the number of design variables. The ‘raw’ dual algorithm, which was originally proposed for the minimum compliance design problem, worked well when a perimeter constraint was added in addition to the volume constraint. However, if the perimeter constraint was gradually relaxed by increasing the upper bound on the allowable perimeter, the algorithm tended to behave erratically. Recently, a simple strategy has been suggested which modifies the raw dual algorithm to make it more robust in the absence of the perimeter constraint; in particular the problem of checkerboarding which is frequently observed with the use of lower‐order finite elements is eliminated. In this work, we show how the perimeter constraint can be incorporated in this improved algorithm, so that it not only provides a designer with a control over the topology, but also generates good topologies irrespective of the value of the upper bound on the perimeter. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust motion control design for dual-axis motion platform using evolutionary algorithm

This paper presents a new approach to deal with the dual-axis control design problem for a mechatronic platform. The cross-coupling effect leading to contour errors is effectively resolved by incorporating a neural net-based decoupling compensator. Conditions for robust stability are derived to ensure the closed-loop system stability with the decoupling compensator. An evolutionary algorithm possessing the universal solution seeking capability is proposed for finding the optimal connecting weights of the neural compensator and PID control gains for the X and Y axis control loops. Numerical studies and a real-world experiment for a watch cambered surface polishing platform have verified performance and applicability of our proposed design.     

基于压控电荷源和小波变换自适应算法的主-被动压电振动控制

针对压电被动振动方法中电路参数环境适应能力差、电路复杂和压电主动振动方法需要较高的输入功率问题,提出了一种基于压控电荷源和小波变换自适应算法的振动主-被动控制策略。首先,针对压电片等效电路的特点,设计了压控电荷源电路,并阐述了主-被控制方法的控制原理;对于压控电荷源的控制电压,引入了小波变换自适应算法,提高了系统的自适应能力。最后,基于dSPACE实时仿真系统,利用模拟电路和压电元件,设计并建立了四边固支的压电合金板的主-被动振动控制实验平台,对提出的方法进行了正弦和白噪声激励下的振动控制实验研究。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效的抑制压电合金板结构由于正弦激励引起的单模态和多模态振动,且能有效抑制白噪声激励引起的随机振动。     

基于多模型的自适应有源噪声控制算法研究

针对有源噪声控制中次级通道存在很大不确定性的问题，建立次级通道模型集以覆盖次级通道的不确定性，每个模型都有一个相对应的采用Modified FXLMS算法进行权值更新的自适应滤波器。在系统运行过程中，算法首先依据切换准则实时判断当前次级通道所处状态，选出最匹配的次级通道模型，同时把采用最匹配模型进行权值更新的自适应滤波器的参数复制给参与控制的滤波器。仿真和实验结果表明，采用多模型自适应的有源噪声控制算法提高了系统的鲁棒性。