溶胶-凝胶法制备LiFePO4粉体及其电化学性能研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法并结合热处理工艺制备LiFePO4粉体,采用XRD、SEM及恒电流充放电技术等方法,研究了煅烧时间对LiFePO4粉体结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响.结果表明:以聚丙烯酸(PAA)、硝酸铁、硝酸锂和磷酸二氢铵为原料,在一定温度下合成了稳定的溶胶和凝胶,经650℃煅烧得到LiFePO4粉体.随着煅烧时间的延长,粉体颗粒逐渐增大,晶型趋于完整;煅烧16h获得的LiFePO4颗粒大小均匀,晶型完整且没有明显团聚现象.1C倍率下首次放比电容量达到140 mAh/g,经100次循环后仍高于130 mAh/g,容量保持率高达93％,表现出良好的充放电稳定性.     

前驱体体系pH值对LiFePO4/C正极材料性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了LiFePO4/C正极材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学手段对材料进行了结构表征和性能测试.研究了其前驱体体系pH值对材料性能的影响.结果表明:当前驱体体系pH值为8.4时,LiFePO4/C正极材料具有最佳的电化学性能.在0.1C倍率下充放电,磷酸铁锂首次放电比容量为16...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备前驱物对TiO2/活性炭活性的影响

以无水乙醇为溶剂,二次蒸馏水、浓盐酸及钛酸丁酯的用量为实验参数,考察他们对TiO2溶胶粘度的影响,利用溶胶凝胶法分别制备4种不同的TiO2溶胶,浸涂在活性炭上,形成纳米TiO2/活性炭(TiO2/AC)复合体,通过使用TG-DTA,QELS,SEM,XRD及BET方法考察制备的前驱物对TiO2/AC光催化活性的影响及TiO2凝胶/AC在热处理过程中的物理化学变化.结果表明TiO2溶胶粒度小TiO2纳米颗粒在活性炭上分布均匀;不发生团聚所得的TiO2/AC复合体光催化活性强.     

共沉淀法制备正极材料LiFePO4的研究

以氢氧化锂、硫酸亚铁铵和磷酸氢二铵为原料，研究了液相共沉淀法制备LiFePO4正极材料和掺杂Co^2＋的LiFePO4改性正极材料，并对其进行XRD、SEM分析和电化学性能测试。结果表明掺杂Co^2＋对正极材料的初始充电比容量为156．7mAh·g^-1，且循环60次后，容量仍有138．7mAh·g^-1，容量衰减率仅为11．4％。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备纳米粉体

介绍了溶胶－凝胶法的原料、原理以及无机盐和金属醇盐的水解特点以及溶胶－凝胶方法的最新进展，存在的问题，并结合作者自己的研究工作，以二氧化锡为例，介绍了溶胶－凝胶法的工艺流程，最后对溶胶－凝胶法的未来发展进行了展望。     

Sn(OBun)4溶胶-凝胶法制备SnO2气凝胶

以锡酸正丁酯(Sn(OBun)4)为前驱体,利用溶胶-凝胶工艺和CO2超临界干燥技术制备了透明和半透明的单块SnO2气凝胶.这些二氧化锡气凝胶密度小,孔隙分布宽,比表面积高.SEM分析表明,这种气凝胶由尺寸不一的如棉花团一样的团块堆积而成,团块之间为大尺寸孔隙(＞50 nm),棉花团块内还具有细小的微孔(＜2 nm)和介孔(＜50 nm).TEM分析表明,在不同的放大倍数下,二氧化锡气凝胶具有相似的结构.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备LiFePO_4/C复合材料及其性能

为了提高LiFePO4的电化学性能,以柠檬酸为络合剂和碳源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备LiFePO4/C复合正极材料。采用FTIR和XRD等对前驱体及产物进行表征,并测试样品的电化学性能。结果表明:经700℃烧结10h所得产物具有单一的橄榄石型晶体结构,碳含量为10.81%(质量分数)。样品在0.1C下首次放电比容量为127.1mA·h/g,在0.2C、0.5C、1C下首次放电比容量分别为106.1、83.3、70.6mA·h/g。该样品在0.1C下经过20次循环后,容量还保持为126.3mA·h/g,衰减仅为0.035%。循环伏安和交流阻抗测试表明该材料具有较好的电化学性能。     

添加剂对氧化锆溶胶及其薄膜的影响

以无机锆盐ZrOCl2·8H2O为先驱体,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米氧化锆溶胶,通过提拉法在载玻片表面制备氧化锆薄膜.考察了加入PEG-400,PEG-2000、柠檬酸、乙酰丙酮等不同添加剂对氧化锆溶胶稳定性、成膜性和酸碱性的影响;采用XRD,SEM等测试手段分析了不同氧化锆薄膜样品的晶体结构、微观形貌并测量了薄膜厚度.研究表明,乙酰丙酮可以有效地稳定溶胶,而柠檬酸能够有效提高溶胶的粘度,两者都能够制备出致密当∧?同时,添加剂也有助于增强薄膜和基体结合力.     

溶胶-凝胶/前驱体裂解法合成ZrB_2超细粉(英文)

以硝酸氧锆(ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O )、硼酸(H3BO3)和酚酚醛树脂为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶/先驱体裂法解合成 ZrB2超细粉。将硝酸氧锆和硼酸先溶于水中,加入乙醇,用稀氨水调节溶液的 pH 值形成溶胶,再将溶解在乙醇中的酚醛树脂加入到氧化锆溶胶中,溶胶陈化后形成凝胶,经干燥、过筛获得前驱体粉末。将前驱体粉末在 1300-1500 °C、流动氩气中热处理 1 h,得到 ZrB2粉末。利用 XRD 和 SEM 对粉体的相组成和微观形貌进行表征,研究了原料配比、合成温度对合成粉体的影响。结果表明,在硼锆比为3,碳锆比为 5,醇水比为 3,合成温度为 1500 °C的工艺参数下合成出较好的 ZrB2 超细粉。     

LiFePO4固相碳热合成法研究

以碳热还原法为原理，采用Fe2O3、Li2CO3、NH3H2PO4和碳黑为原料，以一定计量比和顺序混合，经过球磨、干燥、造粒、预烧、烧成等几道工序，制备出黑色的LiFePO4粉末。利用化学分析、XRD、SEM等手段研究了工艺流程对合成产物晶体结构、表面形貌的影响。利用合成材料组装电池，通过充放电试验测试电化学性能。结果表明，以0．1C速率充放电，首次充放电容量在150mAh／g。从长远看来，这种低成本，工艺简单，绿色无污染的合成方法很具有工业实用化生产价值。     

锂离子电池正极材料磷酸铁锂研究进展

电极材料是推进电池技术发展及应用的关键。作为锂离子电池正极材料的LiFePO4表现出优异的电池性能(大容量、优异循环特性),但也有本征低电导率的缺点。具有橄榄石结构的LiFePO4在电池充放电过程发生FePO4与LiFePO4之间的相变,已有实验证明充放电过程中出现固溶体LixFePO4。掺杂是提高材料电导率的常用手段,但LiFePO4的掺杂却一直饱受争议;缺陷化学的研究初步认定通过适当点缺陷的电荷补偿,晶体内引入掺杂元素是可以实现的,并且提出几种缺陷补偿机制。导电相复合可降低电极颗粒间的接触电阻,特别是LiFePO4的碳包覆有效地改善其电化学性能,促进其工业化推广;碳包覆的有效性取决于碳的sp2杂化键的比例及碳含量。由于电极材料形貌影响电池的充放电动力学过程,LiFePO4的颗粒尺寸、形状、表面粗糙度等的控制都成为提高电池性能的重要手段;LiFePO4的薄膜制备及三维构架技术则进一步推动微型电池的应用发展。     

Influence of Ti^4＋ doping on electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

To improve the performance of LiFePO4, single phase Li1-4xTixFePO4/C (x=0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015) cathodes were synthesized by solid-state method. A certain content of glucose was used as carbon precursor and content of carbon in every final product was about 3.5%. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy observations(SEM), charge/discharge test, carbon analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results indicate that the prepared samples have ordered olivine structure and doping of the low concentration Ti~(4+) does not affect the structure of the samples. The electrochemical capabilities evaluated by charge-discharge test show that the sample with 1% Ti~(4+) (molar fraction) has good electrochemical performance delivering about an initial specific capacity of 146.7 mA·h/g at 0.3C rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement results show that the charge transfer resistance of the sample could be decreased greatly by doping an appropriate amount Ti~(4+).     

Synthesis and electrochemical performances of spherical LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Spherical LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C composite powders for lithium ion batteries were synthesized by a novel processing route of co-precipitation and subsequent calcinations in a nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere. The precursors of LiFePO4, LiFePO4/C composite and the resultant products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the electrochemical performances were investigated by galvanostatic charge and discharge tests. The precursors composed of amorphous Fe3(PO4)2·xH2O and crystalline Li3PO4 obtained in the co-precipitation processing have a sphere-like morphology. The spherical LiFePO4 derived from the calcinations of the precursor at 700 ℃ for 10 h in a reduction atmosphere shows a discharge capacity of 119 mAh·g -1 at the C/10 rate, while the LiFePO4/C composite with 10wt.% carbon addition exhibits a discharge capacity of 140 mAh·g -1.The electrochemical performances indicate that the LiFePO4/C composite has a higher specific capacity and a more stable cycling performance than the bare olivine LiFePO4 due to the carbon addition enhancing the electronic conductivity.     

LiFePO4基正极材料容量的温度敏感特性及交流阻抗谱研究

采用原位碳包覆法制备了锂离子二次电池用LiFePO4／C复合正极材料。考察了环境温度对LiFePO4/C电池容量的影响，得到容量与绝对温度之间符合Arrhenius关系。运用交流阻抗谱分析了温度与电池电化学特性的关系，并对电极基于电荷和质量传递控制过程给出了一种新的模拟等效电路，通过Zview拟合软件得到了各个模拟元件的数值及变化趋势，从而定量地解释LiFePO4／C复合电极容量与温度的关系。     

反应物中锂元素的量对LiFePO4/C电化学性能的影响

以Fe2O3和LiH2PO4为原料,葡萄糖为碳源,采用碳热还原法合成了LiFePO4/C正极材料,考察了反应物中锂元素的量对正极材料LiFePO4/C电化学性能的影响。用X射线衍射、扫描电镜(SEM)和恒电流充放电测试和循环伏安法对正极材料的结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明:当反应物中额外添加锂元素的量是理论量的10%时,制得的正极材料的电化学性能最佳,在0.2和1C(1C=170mA/g)的充放电倍率下,首次放电比容量分别为156.3和137.5mAh/g,经过20次充放电循环后,容量基本保持不变。     

Electrochemical performance of Ti4+-doped LiFePO4 synthesized by co-precipitation and post-sintering method

Ti4+-mixed FePO4·xH2O precursor was prepared by co-precipitation method,with which Ti4+ cations were added in the process of preparing FePO4·xH2O to pursue an effective and homogenous doping way.Ti4+-doped LiFePO4 was prepared by an ambient-reduction and post-sintering method using the as-prepared precursor,Li2CO3 and oxalic acid as raw materials.The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffractometry (XRD),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS),and electrochemical charge/discharge test.Effects of Ti4+-doping and sintering temperature on the physical and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 powders were investigated.It is noted that Ti4+-doping can improve the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 remarkably.The Ti4+-doped sample sintered at 600 ℃ delivers an initial discharge capacity of 150,130 and 125 mA·h/g with 0.1C,1C and 2C rates,respectively,without fading after 40 cycles.     

Synthesis of LiFePO4/C composite electrode with enhanced electrochemical performance

1 INTRODUCTION The ever-growing demand for portable batter- ies with high energy density is exerting pressure for the development of advancedlithium-ion batter- ies . Commercial Li-ion batteries rely on the appli- cation of one of the well-known lithiuminsertion hosts ,i .e . LiCoO2, Li Mn2O4and Li Ni O2. How- ever the high cost of cobalt resource ,low specific capacity of Li Mn2O4and Li Ni O2is known to be difficult to synthesize and its multi-phase reaction during electrochemical …