Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of DNA in Mycoplasma-Like Organism of the Paulownia Witches Broom

Partially purified mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) preparations were obtained from diseased paulownia with witches' broom (PWB). EcoR Ⅰ -Hind Ⅲ digested fragment of the total DNAs extracted from the preparations was Iigated into pGEM-3Zf (+) vector. The recombinant molecules were transformed into Escherichia coli strain DH5α. After screening by differential hybridization and identification with Dot and Southern blot hybridization analysis, two clones (A4, 1.69 kb and C42, 2.08 kb) were obtained. Their DNA inserts as probes hybridized only with total DNAs from PWB-diseased plants but not with extracts from healthy plants. Abundant (A+T) content was found in the sequences of DNA inserts from the two clones, 72.5% (A4) and 67.9% (C42, respectively, which possessed the character of DNA from mycoplasma spp.     

人红细胞生成素单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及应用研究

用rhEPo作为抗原,免疫BALB／c小鼠,取其脾细胞与x63Ag8．653小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,再碱性PAGE方法进一步分离并纯化的rhEpo,包被Pvc板,对杂交瘤用ELlSA方法进行筛选,获得两株稳定分泌抗hEPO单抗的杂交瘤细胞株。经鉴定分别属于IgG1、IgG2b,轻链均为k链,Kd分别为5．53×10^-10mol／L和1．34×1O^-10mol／L．用western blot方法证明两者对hEPO具有高度韵专一性．能特异地识别rhEPO和尿源hEPO。所制备单抗可作为亲和层析的配体,用于再生障碍性贫血病人尿中EPO及哺乳类工程细胞所表达的hEPO的分离、纯化,并可用于hEPO的定量检测．     

Monoclonal Antibodies Against Glutaraldehyde-Conjugated Dopamine

Four mice were immunized with dopamine (DA)-glutaraldehyde (G)--protein conjugates over a period of 8-10 weeks. Polyclonal antisera, obtained at various intervals, were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All had anti-conjugated DA antibodies. As soon as good antibody affinity was detected between 10(-10) and 10(-6) M, the mouse yielding the highest apparent affinity was killed, and the spleen was dissected out. Hybridomas were obtained from spleen cells fused with SP2/O/Ag myeloma cells. Supernatant culture media of hybridomas were tested for the presence of anti-conjugated DA antibodies with the ELISA method. Selected hybridomas giving good antibody affinity and specificity were then cloned by the limiting dilution technique. The resulting supernatant culture media were again tested by ELISA. Clones that gave a high antibody affinity (10(-10)-10(-8)M) for G-conjugated DA were used for histochemical localization of DA in rat brain. G-fixed rat brains were sectioned from the telencephalon to the mesencephalon, reduced with sodium borohydride, and prepared for peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry using supernatant (diluted 1:100) or ascites fluid (diluted 1:50,000). Dense networks of very fine fibers were observed in the striatum, septum, and cortex. Numerous immunoreactive cell bodies were found in the ventral tegmental area, the substantia nigra, the hypothalamus, and the dorsal raphe. The ELISA tests and adsorption controls suggested that the monoclonal antibody allowed highly specific detection of DA in tissues.     

泡桐微茎尖培养脱除泡桐丛枝病原（MLO）的研究

以感染丛枝病原（ＭＬＯ）的泡桐组培苗为试材,大量切取长度在０．３ｍｍ～０．５ｍｍ范围内的微茎尖,在ＭＳ和附加０．１ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ和１～７ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ的培养基上进行脱毒试验。根据外植体培养过程的病状有无．病源ＭＬＯ的ＤＡＰＩ荧光显微镜和电子显微镜检查结果,证明微茎炎培养能够获得脱除泡桐丛枝病原ＭＬＯ的试管苗,其脱毒率在１４．２９～２８．５７％之间。脱毒的两个无性系试管苗经连续继代培养一年以上,其生长性状正常且稳定。试验还显示了微茎炎培养脱毒率受采用的茎尖大小、切割技术、培养基中的激素比例及无性系的不同等因素的影响较大。     

花生丛枝植原体免疫膜蛋白基因克隆及细菌双杂交诱饵质粒构建

初步分析植原体免疫膜蛋白的结构,以Imp构建诱饵质粒,为研究植原体与寄主互作的分子机理,探讨植原体传播、侵染及在寄主内的运输方式奠定基础。根据本实验室获得的花生丛枝植原体免疫膜蛋白基因序列设计特异性引物Imp-F/Imp-R,通过PCR扩增获得花生丛枝植原体免疫膜蛋白基因,大小519 bp,编码蛋白含有172个氨基酸残基,与SPWB膜蛋白的核苷酸差异一个碱基,氨基酸序列相同。另外与WBDL膜蛋白的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为79.8%和70.2%。对其进行系统发育树分析;初步分析imp基因编码蛋白的跨膜区和疏水区。分析结果表明：花生丛枝植原体免疫膜蛋白C端有一跨膜锚定区,N端主要为膜内亲水区,没有前导信号序列。预测花生丛枝植原体免疫膜蛋白是一类C端跨膜的植原体免疫膜蛋白。将imp基因克隆到带有λcI基因的pBT质粒上,构建诱饵载体pBT-Imp,并通过IPTG诱导表达,western blot检测和自激活检验对其进行检测。结果显示：所构建的诱饵载体pBT-Imp可用于细菌双杂交的进一步实验。     

小鼠抗食蟹猴IgG单克隆抗体的制备

目的制备抗食蟹猴、恒河猴等非人灵长类实验动物免疫球蛋白二级抗体,开展对其传染病血清学快速诊断方法的建立。方法采用饱和硫酸铵盐析、Agarose-Protein G亲和层析技术,从食蟹猴血清中提纯IgG。经SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定,采用常规法免疫C57BL/6小鼠,三次免疫后取脾细胞与Sp2/0-Ag14骨髓瘤细胞通过PEG4000融合制备杂交瘤细胞,利用间接ELISA、Western blot等方法进行筛选、鉴定。结果得到5株阳性杂交瘤,分别命名为2B6、2B7、2D9、3B2、5E4,并且5株杂交瘤分泌的抗体均与恒河猴的IgG或血清发生交叉反应,而与其他物种如东北虎、犬等动物的IgG或血清无交叉反应。结论 5株杂交瘤产生的单克隆抗体（McAb）具有较好免疫活性,且能长期、稳定地分泌抗体。此项研究工作为后续研究食蟹猴、恒河猴传染病血清学诊断方法奠定基础。     

牛轮状病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其应用

以纯化浓缩的HN-7株牛轮状病毒(牛RV,从河南腹泻犊黄牛粪样中分离)作为免疫原,免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与同系小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合,经克隆化筛选出2株(2C_7和3C_9)具群特异性的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株。2C_7与3C_9的小鼠腹水单克隆抗体(McAb)与牛HN-7、BRV007、BRV014及NCDV,猪Na86,猴SA-11和人Wa株RV细胞培养物的间接ELISA反应效价均达1∶10~5,但它们的HI和NT滴度分别≤1∶8和≤1∶100。McAb的Ig类别和IgC亚类检测结果2C_7为IgG1,3C_9为IgG2b。分别用3C_9 McAb和多克隆抗血清(PcAb)包被微量反应板进行粪样中RV抗原检测,共检测犊黄牛腹泻粪样36份、婴幼儿腹泻粪样40份,McAb和PcAb两系统检测结果的符合率分别达到97.2％(35/36)和100％(40/40)。     

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein

Monoclonal antibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein were generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with human myelin-associated glycoprotein purified from CNS myelin. Three groups of antibodies were identified: IgG antibodies recognizing the polypeptide moiety and IgG and IgM antibodies recognizing the carbohydrate moiety of the intact molecule. Properties of these antibodies were examined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the immunostaining technique using human CNS and peripheral nerve myelin, and ganglioside fractions isolated from human brain and peripheral nerve, and with immunohistochemical staining of human peripheral nerves. Part of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was stained with the antibodies against the carbohydrate moiety, but not with IgG antibodies recognizing the polypeptide moiety. Natural killer activity was partially reduced after treatment of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with an IgM antibody and complement in vitro. The possibility that anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies might play a role in the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases through modification of natural killer activity is discussed.     

泡桐丛枝植原体16S rDNA和延伸因子基因序列分析

对采自陕西、山西、甘肃、河南、河北、山东各省的泡桐丛枝病材料,利用巢式扩增,均得到16S rDNA基因片段约1.2kb;扩增得到植原体延伸因子(EF-Tu)tuf基因,长度约为850bp.。通过将16S rDNA基因片段和延伸因子(EF-Tu)tuf基因序列与已知植原体16Sr各组成员进行同源性比较,确定我国大陆泡桐主栽区陕西、山西、甘肃、河南、河北、山东各省与已经报道的台湾省泡桐丛枝植原体基本一致,均为同一个种,没有株系的分化,全部归属于植原体16SrI-D组,从而确定了其分类地位。     

抗B型葡萄球菌肠毒素单克隆抗体的研制及其鉴定

本文用纯化B型葡萄球菌肠毒素(SEB)免疫Balb/c小鼠的脾细胞与SP2/O骨髓瘤细胞融合,经筛选及克隆化共获6株能稳定分泌抗SEB的单克隆抗体(McAb)杂交瘤细胞株。通过将以混合佐剂(降植烷 FIA的混合物)和杂交瘤细胞同时注射制备McAb腹水的方法与常规法相比较,不仅量多(多1.56～1.84倍),而且活性好(高1个数量级)。初步鉴定表明:6株McAb均属IgGl亚类;其培养上清和腹水的ELISA滴度分别为10~(-3)～10~(-4)和10~(-5)～10~(-8)。它们与SEA均不起反应,其中3株(Sl.B4和E7)与SECl有轻微交叉反应;都能被10μg/m的SEB完全阻断等。说明其免疫学活性及特异性均较良好。     

抗人肺癌细胞单克隆抗体的制备及其特性的研究

用人肺鳞癌细胞LTEP-78细胞系免疫Blab/c小鼠获得3株抗人肺癌细胞的单克隆抗体杂交瘤系。其中BLTI-01株经六次克隆化培养,体外传代8个月以上。BLTI-01与白细胞抗原及血型抗原基本上无交叉反应;与骨髓细胞无交叉反应;与癌胚抗原和胎甲球蛋白不相关;与肺鳞癌、肺腺癌细胞系及部分其它肿瘤细胞呈阳性反应。     

Study of a Hydridoma Cell Line Producing Monoclonal Antibodies Against Spinach Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Its Application

By fusion of mouse myeloma cells (SP2/O-Ag14) and spleen cells derived from BALB/c mice immunized with spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) protein, a hybridoma cell line secreting monoclonal antibodies was obtained. The antibody titer of the ascites was about 1 : 103. Not only could the monoclonal antibodes cross react with the BADH of spinach and sugar beet, it could also cross react with the leaf and root crude extracts of barley, rice, sorghum, and wheat. These results indicated the occurrence of BADH in both the photosynthetic tissue and the non-photosynthetic tissue of these graminea spicies.     

抗人beta-HCG单克隆抗体的制备及化学发光 检测方法的建立

目的：制备人绒毛膜促性腺激素（beta-HCG）单克隆抗体,建立人beta-HCG双抗体夹心CLIA 检测方法。方法：用人beta-HCG 抗原 免疫小鼠,通过细胞融合、筛选后得到杂交瘤细胞株,然后将细胞株扩大培养并纯化上清液获得抗体,测定抗体亲和力、特异性及 表位,最后建立双抗体夹心CLIA方法。结果：获得4 株抗人茁-HCG的杂交瘤细胞株(beta-1-1、beta-2-1、beta-3-1、beta-4-1)。用beta-1-1 和 beta-2-1 建立的双抗体夹心法的检测范围为0.5 mIU/mL-800 mIU/mL,灵敏度0.23 mIU/mL,检测结果的相对偏差均在± 10 %内,回 收率在90 %以上。结论：本研究最终成功制备了抗人beta-HCG mAb,建立了定量检测人beta-HCG 的双抗体夹心CLIA 方法,为 beta-HCG 检测及疾病的诊断奠定基础。     

曲霉菌半乳甘露聚糖单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

目的:制备抗曲霉菌半乳甘露聚糖的单克隆抗体,并基于获得的抗体建立用于快速准确检测曲霉菌感染的双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),以期可用于侵袭性曲霉菌病的临床诊断。方法:提取曲霉菌半乳甘露聚糖后免疫BALB/c小鼠,筛选与制备抗曲霉菌半乳甘露聚糖的单克隆抗体,通过间接ELISA法与Western Blot方法开展单克隆抗体检测性能分析,使用获得的单克隆抗体建立双抗体夹心ELISA方法,并初步应用于曲霉菌感染血清检测。结果:获得抗曲霉菌半乳甘露聚糖单克隆抗体5株,均可特异性识别曲霉菌半乳甘露聚糖,以其中性能最佳的3C9抗体和辣根过氧化物酶标记的3C9抗体配对为基础,建立了双抗体夹心ELISA方法,通过初步评价确定该方法可应用于临床侵袭性曲霉菌病血清检测,并且该方法与现有商品化试剂盒相比检测背景值较低,可更有效区分曲霉菌感染阴阳性血清。结论:本研究筛选获得针对曲霉菌半乳甘露聚糖的特异性单克隆抗体,以该抗体为基础建立双抗体夹心ELISA方法具有潜在转化应用前景,可为侵袭性曲霉菌病的临床诊断提供支持。     

抗天花粉蛋白IgE单抗的抗独特型抗体及其鉴定

为了研究抗独特型抗体对天花粉蛋白特异的IgE反应的调节作用,建立了分泌针对天花粉蛋白的IgE单抗的独特型决定簇的大鼠-小鼠异种杂交瘤细胞株(6 C_5)。以分泌抗天花粉蛋白IgE单抗的小鼠淋巴细胞杂交瘤细胞株(TE—1)诱生的腹水,通过免疫亲和层析,分离得到TE-1单抗免疫Wistar大鼠。将免疫大鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓细胞(NS-1)进行异种间细胞融合,通过严格的筛选和克隆化,最终得到3侏生长稳定、连续分泌抗体的异种杂交瘤细胞株(6 C_5、3 E_3和8 G_6),并能顺利地经受冰冻保种和复苏。用间接ELISA法对所获得的单抗进行鉴定,即比较三个单抗对下列包被抗原的反应性,其中包括TE-1(天花粉蛋白特异的IgE单抗)、3A 12(天花粉蛋白特异的IgA单抗)、ADNP和142(抗DNP IgE单抗,来自两个不同的杂交瘤株),以及M Ig(正常小鼠血清Ig)。结果表明6C_5单抗只与TE-1呈阳性反应,对其余各种包被抗原的反应均呈阴性,说明杂交瘤株6C_5具有抗TE-1单抗独特型决定簇的特异性,实验经多次重复,因此可以结论,成功地建立了一株能分泌抗独特型抗体的异种淋巴细胞杂交瘤株。此外,8G_6与所有包被抗原均呈强阳性,说明它具有抗各类小鼠Ig共同决定簇的特异性。3 E_3的特异性尚未最终确定。在方法学上的改进包括细胞融合时所用的HAT选择培液中的次黄嘌呤和胸腺嘧啶核苷的剂量较常量加倍,而氨基喋呤的剂量较常量减半。并且缩短在HAT培液中和HT培液中培养时间。这些可能为杂种淋巴细胞杂交瘤株的建立提供了有利条件。为了保证ELISA检测的特异性,作包被抗原的TE-1单抗与免疫大鼠用的TE-1单抗的来源不同,它来自无血清培养液培养的TE-1的上清液。同时,间接ELISA法所采用的酶联第二抗体(兔抗大鼠Ig),通过小鼠Ig的吸收等,证明其与小鼠Ig无交叉反应后才使用。     

抗IFITM1 单克隆抗体的制备及检测

目的：制备抗干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白-1(interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1, IFITM1)的单克隆抗体,为检测IFITM1 及进一步研究其在结肠肿瘤发生过程中的作用提供实验基础。方法：以结肠癌患者的癌组织为材料,提取总RNA,以RT-PCR扩 增得到IFITM1 cDNA 序列,经ECoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切后,克隆入pGEX-4T-3 进行原核表达并纯化得IFITM1-GST;以该融合蛋 白免疫BALB/c 小鼠,淋巴细胞杂交瘤法制备单克隆抗体;采用ELISA、Western-blot及免疫组织化学法以制备的抗体检测结肠癌 患者结肠癌组织中的IFITM1。结果：成功构建了IFITM1 原核表达载体,获得了IFITM1-GST 重组蛋白;制备得到了1 株抗 IFITM1 单克隆抗体,腹水ELISA 效价为1:30000,抗体亚类为IgG1,可用于ELISA、Western-blot及免疫组织化学法检测结肠癌患 者结肠癌组织中的IFITM1。结论：获得了1 株可用于ELISA、Western-blot及免疫组织化学法的抗IFITM1 单克隆抗体2F-1,为进 一步研究IFITM1在结肠肿瘤发生过程中的作用提供了实验基础。     

抗IFITM1单克隆抗体的制备及检测

目的：制备抗干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白-1（interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1,IFITM1）的单克隆抗体,为检测IFITM1及进一步研究其在结肠肿瘤发生过程中的作用提供实验基础。方法：以结肠癌患者的癌组织为材料,提取总RNA,以RT—PCR扩增得到IFITM1 cDNA序列,经EcoR 和HindⅢ双酶切后,克隆入pGEX-4T-3进行原核表达并纯化得IFITM1-GST;以该融合蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠,淋巴细胞杂交瘤法制备单克隆抗体;采用ELISA、Western-blot及免疫组织化学法以制备的抗体检测结肠癌患者结肠癌组织中的IFITM1。结果：成功构建了1FITM1核表达载体,获得了IFITM1-GST重组蛋白;制备得到了1株抗IFITM1单克隆抗体,腹水ELISA效价为1：30000,抗体亚类为IgG1,可用于ELISA、Western-blot及免疫组织化学法检测结肠癌患者结肠癌组织中的IFITM1。结论：获得了1株可用于ELISA、Westem-blot及免疫组织化学法的抗IFITM1单克隆抗体2F—1,为进一步研究IFITM1在结肠肿瘤发生过程中的作用提供了实验基础。     

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)31型中和单克隆抗体的制备及性质鉴定

目的:构建获得HPV31构象依赖的中和单抗。方法:采用昆虫细胞表达的HPV31 L1VLP(virus-like particle, VLP)免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,收集杂交瘤细胞培养上清,首先采用HPV31 VLP-ELISA及HPV31假病毒中和实验筛选分泌HPV31中和单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,然后纯化单克隆抗体,分别采用假病毒中和实验及ELISA实验对纯化后单克隆抗体进行鉴定,包括抗体的亚型及其结合表位的构象特征、针对HPV31的中和IC50及针对HPV16、HPV18、HPV33、HPV45、HPV52、HPV58、HPV6、HPV11的交叉中和活性。结果:筛选获得9株HPV31构象依赖中和单抗,其中3株HPV31特异性中和单抗中有2株的IC5010 ng/mL,分别是XM31-13(0.36,Ig G1)及XM31-23(7.10,Ig G1),6株交叉中和单抗中亦有2株的IC5010ng/mL,分别是XM31-19(7.14,Ig G1)、XM31-20(6.91,Ig G1)。结论:获得的9株HPV31构象依赖的中和单抗,特别是其中4株单抗IC50值10 ng/mL的4株单抗,可用于含HPV31L1VLP多价疫苗的质控疫苗的研究。