太赫兹目标RCS缩比测量技术

论述了国外基于微波上倍频、激光下变频、THz时域光谱三种典型太赫兹波目标雷达散射截面(RCS)缩比测试系统的构成、技术特点和应用范围。采用固态器件、基于微波上倍频技术集成研制了宽带太赫兹低频端目标RCS测量系统,采用基于扫频的时域法RCS测量技术和小角度旋转目标雷达合成孔径（ISAR）成像方法对小目标进行了电磁散射特性测量,获取了目标RCS和二维散射成像信息。     

角反射体RCS微波暗室测量及分析

角反射体雷达散射截面(RCS)的测量是雷达目标识别、成像等研究领域的一个关键环节;在对目标RCS测量原理分析的基础上,介绍了一个在微波暗室中基于紧缩场和矢量网络分析仪测量目标RCS的测量系统;利用该系统对角反射体垂直姿态和45°姿态的RCS进行了360度转角扫频的测量,结果与FEKO软件仿真计算的结果对比表明,两种方法得到的数据走势基本一致。     

锥柱复合目标量子雷达散射截面分析

针对导弹目标量子雷达散射截面的计算问题,用锥柱复合模型模拟导弹目标几何结构,引入单光子波动方程,推导和改进量子雷达散射截面表达式.通过干涉分析镜面上原子与光子的相互作用,在检测点测量光子被目标原子散射后的强度,得到锥柱复合目标量子雷达散射截面公式.仿真结果表明:在不同入射角条件下,单光子量子雷达散射截面主瓣峰值高于经典雷达散射截面,而量子雷达散射截面旁瓣峰值低于经典雷达散射截面;随着波长减小,量子雷达散射截面逐渐降低,入射角对量子雷达散射截面无影响.表明量子雷达对小目标具有很高的探测识别能力,分辨率能够达到纳米级,为导弹目标识别提供了依据.     

微波着陆系统激光模拟试验及光学系统关键技术

 根据微波着陆系统的技术体制,应用电磁相似理论,建立机场的缩比模型,利用激光在缩比模型下的传播来模拟微波载波在实际机场场地环境下的辐射情况,采用MATLAB/RTW的快速原型化目标-xPC目标的方法,建立整个模拟试验系统,进行机载接收信号处理的实时仿真。以美国某机场环境为原型,得到了其缩比模型下的飞行检验的方位角误差曲线,试验结果与机场实际飞行检验结果吻合较好,证明了微波着陆系统激光模拟试验的有效性。     

圆柱曲面单光子量子雷达散射截面的理论研究

为研究圆柱曲面的单光子量子雷达散射截面与经典雷达散射截面相比存在的具体优势,引入光子波函数,将引起量子干涉的距离矢量进行分解,通过圆柱曲面的曲面积分推导得到了单基地单光子下的圆柱曲面量子雷达散射截面的封闭表达式.分析了不同电尺寸的圆柱曲面长度和曲率半径的影响,对比了圆柱曲面量子雷达散射截面与经典雷达散射截面的封闭表达式.封闭表达式的分析和仿真结果都表明,圆柱曲面长度的电尺寸决定量子雷达散射截面的旁瓣数,曲率半径的电尺寸决定了量子雷达散射截面曲线的包络,量子雷达散射截面的整体强度与曲率半径的电尺寸呈线性关系.圆柱曲面的量子雷达散射截面与经典雷达散射截面相比具有旁瓣增强的优势,有利于隐身目标的探测.     

金属目标原子晶格结构对其量子雷达散射截面的影响

量子雷达散射截面是描述光量子态照射下目标可见性的重要参数. 本文对量子雷达散射截面的推导进行了扩展, 使其可以应用于非平面凸目标的QRCS计算. 针对面心立方、体心立方以及密排六方三种金属原子晶格所构成的目标的量子雷达散射截面进行了计算, 结果表明不同的原子排列方式下, 目标QRCS主瓣基本不变, 而量子旁瓣在原子排列稀疏的目标中更为明显.     

太赫兹与远红外频段下铝质目标电磁特性与计算

在太赫兹与远红外频段,铝处于由导体到介质的过渡,研究该频段铝质目标与电磁波的相互作用机理对于实现太赫兹频段目标精确电磁散射计算具有重要意义.基于实验测量数据,设计有效误差准则模型拟合得到了太赫兹与远红外频段铝的介电系数模型;基于拟合模型通过推导过渡阶段不同损耗机理下铝中传播电磁波的空间相位系数与铝的波阻抗等参数,分析了太赫兹与远红外频段电磁波在铝中的透射与反射特性,给出了铝的反射率关于频率的变化曲线.结果表明铝中电磁波传播参数从微波向太赫兹频段过渡时具有很好的连续性与一致性;基于阻抗边界条件的雷达散射截面计算结果表明太赫兹频段光滑铝质目标可视做理想导体进行计算,太赫兹雷达散射截面测量中可利用光滑铝板或铝球做为定标体.     

基于编码超表面的太赫兹宽频段雷达散射截面缩减的研究

本文设计了一种柔性, 非定向低散射的1bit编码超表面, 实现了太赫兹宽频带雷达散射截面的缩减. 这种设计基于对“0”和“1”两种基本单元进行编码, 其反射相位差在很宽的频段范围内接近180°, 为一种非周期的排列方式, 该电磁超表面使入射的电磁波发生漫反射, 从而实现雷达散射截面的缩减. 全波仿真结果表明, 在垂直入射条件下, 编码超表面的镜像反射率低于-10 dB的带宽频段范围为1.0-1.4 THz, 该带宽内超表面相对同尺寸金属板可将雷达散射截面所减量达到10 dB以上, 最大缩减量达到19 dB. 把柔性编码表面弯曲在直径为4 mm的金属圆柱面上, 雷达散射截面的所减量高于10 dB以上的带宽频段范围为0.9-1.2 THz, 仍然可实现宽频带缩减特性. 总之, 编码超表面为调控太赫兹波提供一种新的途径, 将在雷达隐身、成像、宽带通信等方面具有重要的意义.     

高超声速类HTV2模型全目标电磁散射特性实验研究

针对临近空间高超声速飞行器目标探测与识别研究的需求,开展了高超声速飞行器非均匀等离子体电磁散射特性模拟测量研究.利用弹道靶设备发射高超声速类HTV2模型形成模拟的超高速复杂外形目标,弹道靶高精度阴影成像系统和雷达测量系统分别测量高超声速类HTV2模型姿态、全目标C波段/X波段电磁散射特性,获得了不同实验条件下模型全目标雷达散射截面积(RCS)等实验数据.研究结果表明:在不同实验状态下,包覆等离子体鞘套的高超声速类HTV2模型同一测量波段的RCS差别超过1个数量级,模型姿态角对包覆等离子体鞘套的高超声速类HTV2模型RCS影响较大,最大相差1个多数量级;在给定的实验条件下,模型尾迹C波段RCS远小于包覆等离子体鞘套的模型RCS,模型尾迹X波段RCS显著增强;高超声速类HTV2模型全目标C波段电磁散射能量主要分布在模型及其绕流区域, X波段电磁散射能量主要分布在模型及其绕流区域和等离子体尾迹区域.根据弹道靶实验条件,开展了包覆等离子体鞘套的高超声速类HTV2模型电磁散射特性数值仿真,仿真结果与实验结果之间的最大误差小于4 d B,验证了本文提出的非均匀等离子体包覆目标电磁散射特性建模方法的...     

再入体缩比模型湍流等离子体电磁散射特性测量

介绍了在弹道靶上利用二级轻气炮发射再入体缩比模型开展湍流等离子体电磁散射特性模拟试验方法、湍流等离子体的雷达散射截面积(RCS)测量方法。给出了模型尾迹湍流等离子体的电磁散射特性测量典型试验结果,对获得的试验结果进行了分析,并与一阶畸变波Born方法计算结果进行了比较。结果表明:合理选择缩比模型发射速度和飞行环境压力,在弹道靶上能够模拟产生湍流等离子体;利用激光阴影成像技术获得的锥模型尾迹流场图像证实了尾迹转捩的出现及其湍流形成;在给定的试验条件下,锥模型及其绕流RCS测量值比其尾迹RCS测量值高3个数量级,比背景散射电平高0.5~2.5个数量级,且信号没有周期性,幅度脉动范围为1~15dB,频率脉动范围0.4~40kHz;锥模型湍流尾迹RCS的脉动可能是尾迹电子密度的脉动引起的;单站X波段雷达系统测量的锥模型尾迹亚密湍流等离子体的散射信号测量值与计算结果变化规律一致;弹道靶RCS测量技术可用于再入体缩比模型湍流等离子体电磁散射特性研究,为开展相关研究提供了一种有效的地面模拟实验研究途径。     

Method for radar cross section measurements in millimeter and submillimeter wave regions

We present a new method for electromagnetic modeling radar scattering processes. In this method we use a quasi-optical waveguide of the type of "hollow dielectric waveguide" as a fundamental component of radar cross section (RCS) instrumentation systems. Such waveguide structure produces required target-illuminating quasiplane wave and suppresses unwanted waves as well as transmits the legitimate signal from test object, mounted inside this waveguide, to the reception zone. Presented method is especially effective one in millimeter and submillimeter wave regions, in particular, for investigation RCS of targets with small reflectivity.     

Scaled radar cross section measurement method for lossy targets via dynamically matching reflection coefficients in THz band

In the terahertz band, the dispersive characteristic of dielectric material is one of the major problems in the scaled radar cross section (RCS) measurement, which is inconsistent with the electrodynamics similitude deducted according to the Maxwell's equations. Based on the high-frequency estimation method of physical optics (PO), a scaled RCS measurement method for lossy objects is proposed through dynamically matching the reflection coefficients according to the distribution of the object facets. Simulations of the model of SLICY are conducted, and the inversed RCS of the lossy prototype is obtained using the proposed method. Comparing the inversed RCS with the calculated results, the validity of the proposed method is demonstrated. The proposed method provides an effective solution to the scaled RCS measurement for lossy objects in the THz band.     

Application of Millimeter Wave in Verification of Scale Model Measurement for Radar Cross Section

According to the physical optic approximation, a physical scale factor is suggested for scale model measurement of radar cross section (RCS). By this factor, the models of radar targets can be tested at the same frequency as prototype. This is significant for the lack of experimental equipment required or the problem of frequency dependency of radar absorbing materials on the objects. For the purpose of further verification and comparison, millimeter-wave is used to measure the model at the wavelength scaling down proportionally to the prototype. And the measurements of the models are also carried out at microwave band (same working wavelength with prototype). The computed results from models agree well with the data by prototype itself.     

Application of Millimeter Wave in Verification of Scale Model Measurement for Radar Cross Section

According to the physical optic approximation, a physical scale factor is suggested for scale model measurement of radar cross section (RCS). By this factor, the models of radar targets can be tested at the same frequency as prototype. This is significant for the lack of experimental equipment required or the problem of frequency dependency of radar absorbing materials on the objects. For the purpose of further verification and comparison, millimeter-wave is used to measure the model at the wavelength scaling down proportionally to the prototype. And the measurements of the models are also carried out at microwave band (same working wavelength with prototype). The computed results from models agree well with the data by prototype itself.     

介质涂覆位置对双S弯排气系统电磁散射特性影响研究

尾喷管作为飞行器后向强散射源之一, 可通过特殊结构设计和介质涂覆缩减其雷达散射截面(RCS). 本文采用迭代物理光学法和阻抗边界条件的混合计算模型, 研究了6种涂覆方案和不涂覆时双S弯排气系统的电磁散射特性, 采用所提出的射线行程追踪方法提高了几何消隐计算效率, 利用前后向迭代方法加速收敛并采用openMP和MPI并行技术缩短计算时间, 获得了在X波段下7种模型的RCS随探测角度的变化规律. 研究结果表明, 介质涂覆能够有效抑制双S弯排气系统的RCS; 合理的介质涂覆方案不仅具有明显的抑制效果, 同时又具有经济性好、重量轻及涂覆方便等优势; 相比全涂覆方案, 仅在喷管出口附近涂覆的方案, 可减少73.6%的涂覆材料, 且其RCS的最大增幅不超过15.6%, 相比未涂覆方案, RCS 至少降低18.5%. 同时所开发的计算程序可用于任意腔体电磁散射特性的计算, 可为带介质涂覆腔体试验提供技术支撑.     

Cross section measurements of scale-model tactical targets by using 0.1 THz compact radar system

We present a new compact radar system to measure a terahertz radar cross section(RCS) of metal plates,trihedral corner reflectors,and an aircraft scaled model with a 0.1 THz continuous wave.We both numerically and experimentally investigate the terahertz RCS of the metal plates and trihedral corner reflectors.The numerical simulations are obtained by using commercial software,i.e.,computer simulation technology,which agree well with the experimental results.Then,the RCS of an aircraft scaled model is measured,and the experimental results are in good agreement with the physical characteristics of the scaled model.The effectiveness of our compact radar system is verified to get the RCS of complex targets,such as the scaled models of the tactical targets.     

不同运动状态下的飞机目标雷达散射截面积统计特性分析

目标的运动状态对其动态雷达散射截面积(RCS)起伏特性具有十分重要的影响,同一目标在不同运动状态下,可能具有不同的RCS起伏模型。结合实测数据,对在平稳直线飞行和曲线机动飞行两种状态下的飞机动态RCS进行统计分析。分析结果表明:在平稳直线飞行状态下,飞机目标的动态RCS起伏模型与观测视角内的静态RCS起伏模型近似;在曲线机动飞行状态下,飞机目标的动态RCS起伏更显著、更随机,当观测时间足够长、目标的运动随机性更大时,其起伏模型更接近于指数分布。     

A Scheme for Analyzing the RCS of a Scale Model Beyond the Size Measureable in the Range of Millimeter-Wave

The problem of obtaining the radar cross section (RCS) of a scale model too large to measure in the range of millimeter-wave by measurement is investigated. This topic, to the best of our knowledge, has been little investigated due to its complexity. A scheme named RCS part measurement and synthesis to this problem is developed in this paper. This method combines measurement with theoretical calculation. The first step in using the method is that a scale model is partitioned into several parts measurable. Then the contributions of the sections and shadow region shadowed by all other parts are removed from the measured RCS data of every part. Finally, the scattered fields of all the parts are synthesized to obtain the total RCS of the scale model by means of the technique of relative phase synthesis. A result is presented to illustrate the utility of this scheme.     

等离子体覆盖立方散射体目标雷达散射截面的时域有限差分法分析

采用分段线性电流密度递归卷积时域有限差分（PLJERC-FDTD）算法计算了均匀非磁化等离子体覆盖三维立方体目标的散射特性.分析了等离子体厚度、密度和碰撞频率对雷达散射截面（RCS）的影响.计算结果表明：等离子体包层能有效地减小雷达目标的RCS，当等离子体频率比入射电磁波频率小得多时，主要靠增大等离子体的厚度使立方散射体目标的RCS值减小，增大等离子体碰撞频率对立方散射体目标的RCS值影响不大；当等离子体频率约为入射电磁波频率的一半时，增大等离子体厚度和碰撞频率都对立方散射体目标的RCS值减小有影响；当等 关键词： FDTD算法 电磁波 等离子体隐身 雷达散射截面