Poly(polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) as novel solid-solid phase change material for thermal energy storage

Poly(polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) as novel solid–solid phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal energy storage was prepared via the facile bulk polymerization of polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate and was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, ¹³C-NMR, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis measurements. Based on the results, it is indicated that the poly (polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) as novel PCM showed solid–solid properties with suitable transition temperature, high transition enthalpy, and good thermal stability, which was apt to crystallize due to the flexibility of long polyether side chain. This novel PCMs have advantages for the potential application in energy storage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

相变储热技术研究进展

相变储热技术是储能技术的主要方向之一,在太阳能、风能发电、工业余热回收利用、分布式能源系统等领域具有广泛应用。本文通过梳理总结近年来国内外关于相变储热技术的研究成果,对相变材料进行分类并对其性质、优缺点、适用范围等进行了详细介绍。本文针对相变材料在实际使用中存在的泄漏、腐蚀、过冷、传热性能差等缺陷,重点介绍了复合相变储热技术及传热性能强化技术。指出当前相变储热技术存在的不足并对相变储热技术的未来发展方向进行了展望,可靠的复合相变技术、高效的传热强化技术、提高储热材料高温及循环稳定性等方面应是未来的主要研究方向。该综述研究对相变储热技术的进一步研究和开发具有重要参考价值。     

脂肪酸相变储能材料热性能研究进展

在以往所研究的相变材料中,脂肪酸由于展现出优越的性能,得到了研究者更多的关注,但同样存在相变温度不适宜和导热性能差等热性能问题。本工作通过现有文献对脂肪酸相变储能材料的热性能进行系统分析,提出了脂肪酸与脂肪酸、脂肪醇及石蜡复合3种有效解决相变温度不适宜的方法;针对导热性能差提出了多孔材料吸附、添加碳材料或金属粒子和微胶囊化3种高效易行的强化传热方式,进而说明这一领域目前研究重点。同时,对脂肪酸储能材料的相变性能、导热增强方法及导热增强剂进行了比较,分析了各自的优缺点。最后,对脂肪酸相变储能材料热性能研究的不足之处进行了探究,并指出了制备出更多能应用于建筑节能和纺织等领域的脂肪酸相变储能材料和着重研究脂肪酸与石蜡的复合等进一步研究方向。     

Photocrosslinked biobased phase change material for thermal energy storage

A series of novel photocrosslinked biobased shape‐stabilized phase change materials (PCMs) based on octadecanol, eicosanol and docosanol have been prepared by UV technique for the purpose of thermal energy storage applications. Epoxidized soybean oil was reacted with acrylic acid to form acrylated soybean oil (ASO). The structure and composition, cross‐section morphology, thermal stability performances and phase change behaviors of ASO and UV‐cured PCMs were examined by using Attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis system (TGA), scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicate that the UV‐cured biobased PCMs possess perfect phase change properties and a suitable working temperature range. The heating process phase change enthalpy is measured between 30 and 68 J/g, and the freezing process phase change enthalpy is found between 18 and 70 J/g. The decomposition of UV‐cured PCMs started at 260 °C and reached a maximum of 430 °C. All the biobased UV‐cured PCMs improved latent heat storage capacity in comparison with the pristine ASO sample. With the obtained results we conclude that, these materials promise a great potential in thermal energy storage applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43757.     

Preparation and properties of a form‐stable phase‐change hydrogel for thermal energy storage

In this study, we aimed to fabricate a form‐stable phase‐change hydrogel (PCH) with excellent mechanical properties and heat‐storage properties. Sodium alginate (SA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) composite hydrogels were prepared with ionically crosslinked SA in a PAAm hydrogel network. Glauber's salt [i.e., sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na₂SO₄·10H₂O)] was incorporated within the hydrogel network as a phase‐change material. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs revealed that Na₂SO₄·10H₂O was confined in the micropores of the hydrogel inner spaces, and differential scanning calorimetry curves showed that the composite hydrogel possessed a considerable storage potential. Mechanical properties tests, such as tensile and compressive measurements, presented a decreasing trend with increasing Na₂SO₄·10H₂O dosage. We concluded that the prepared composite PCH could be used to design hydrogel materials with thermal‐energy‐storage applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43836.     

中温相变蓄热材料研究进展

对中温相变蓄热材料(PCM)的定义范畴、应用领域、国内外发展现状进行了评述。中温PCM主要针对90~550℃的热动力环境,在太阳能热发电、有机朗肯循环、移动蓄热技术、分布式能源系统等方面有广阔的应用前景。指出进一步的研究方向是拓展中温PCM的应用场合,规范长期稳定性的表征与测试手段,重视与换热器开发以及应用领域的整合,并提出硝酸盐熔融盐混和物将是今后一段时期内中温PCM研发和培育的重点产品对象。     

二维纳米片基复合相变储热材料研究进展

相变材料（PCMs）作为潜热储存和释放的介质,能够解决热能供需矛盾,从而缓解能源危机。纯相变材料具有能量密度高、温度范围广、能量输出稳定性强等优点,但其热导率低和在相变过程发生渗漏的缺点阻碍了其广泛的应用和发展。通过将PCMs与二维纳米片复合,PCMs热导率低和渗漏问题被有效解决。通过在导热机理方面进行详细阐述的基础上,综述了近几年来有关碳基二维纳米片、六方氮化硼（h-BN）纳米片、二硫化钼等复合储热材料的研究进展,为高性能二维纳米片基复合PCMs的设计提供一定的研究思路。     

Discontinuous carbon fiber/polyamide composites with microencapsulated paraffin for thermal energy storage

This work focuses on the development of multifunctional thermoplastic composites with thermal energy storage capability. A polyamide 12 (PA12) matrix was filled with a phase change material (PCM), constituted by paraffin microcapsules (T_melt = 43 °C), and reinforced with carbon fibers (CFs) of two different lengths (chopped/CF “long”[CFL] and milled/CF “short” [CFS]). DSC tests showed that the melting/crystallization enthalpy values increase with the PCM weight fraction up to 60 J/g. The enthalpy was 41–94% of the expected value and decreased with an increase in the fiber content, because the capsules were damaged by the increasing viscosity and shear stresses during compounding. Long CFs increased the elastic modulus (+316%), tensile strength (+26%), and thermal conductivity (+54%) with respect to neat PA12. Thermal imaging tests evidenced a slower cooling for the samples containing PCM, and once again the CFS-containing samples outperformed those with CFL, due to the higher effective PCM content. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47408.     

硫酸铝铵相变蓄热材料实验研究

通过对硫酸铝铵[NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O]的实验研究,寻找减小其过冷度,改善其储热性能的方法。按照溶液配制法,在熔融的硫酸铝铵中依次加入适量的有效添加剂及去离子水,记录蓄热体系放热时的温度变化,反复调节添加剂的质量比,达到最佳配置。结果表明,硫酸铝铵中添加质量分数为1.8%的氟化钙、0.4%的碳、6%的去离子水能够较好地抑制过冷,保证放热速率。重复性实验验证,该材料是低温范围内具有较高相变温度、相变潜热大、放热性能稳定、重复性良好的蓄热材料,可以应用于电蓄热、回收城市废热等领域。     

Phase change composites derived from chromium-containing leather solid waste for efficient solar-thermal energy storage

Large amounts of chromium-containing leather solid waste (CLSW) generated in conventional leather making industry. The high value-added transformation of CLSW has attracted lots of attention from scientists and technologists. Herein, gelatin was extracted from CLSW through alkaline hydrolysis dechroming and decalcification process. Then, form-stable phase change material composites (GMPCMs) based on gelatin, n-docosane, and melanin were designed and fabricated through impregnating n-docosane into gelatin/melanin hybrid aerogels (GMAs). The three-dimensional (3D) honeycombed aerogels GMAs with ultralow density and extremely high surface area can perfectly support n-docosane and prevent liquid leakage. As expected, the solar-thermal conversion efficiency of GMPCMs (up to 84.8%) was significantly increased with the introduction of melanin in PCM composites. DSC analysis indicated that GMPCMs possessed relatively large thermal energy storage density and the melting enthalpy of GMPCMs ranged from 207.1 to 228.0 J/g. Furthermore, GMPCMs showed admirable shape stability, excellent encapsulation capacity, and satisfactory thermal reversibility.     

Polyester-based phase change materials with flexible poly(ethylene glycol) chains for thermal energy storage

Phase change materials are capable of storing renewable energy in an economical, feasible, and green way. Here, novel polyester-based solid–solid phase change materials (PPCMs) are synthesized through solvent-free crosslinking polymerization. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is used as the phase change ingredient, while crosslinked polyester acts as the supporting material. One chain end of PEG reliably bonds with the rigid skeleton, while another chain end is movable. The combination of reliable crosslinked structures with flexible PEG chains endows the PPCMs with good thermal storage capacity and outstanding thermal reliability simultaneously. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is adopted to confirm the chemical structures of PPCMs. Their excellent crystalline properties are confirmed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). Phase change properties are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and POM images. It is obvious in the DSC results that PPCMs have good thermal storage capacity in the range 18–63 °C with phase change enthalpy reaching 139.0 J/g. POM images vividly reveal the crystallization process of PPCMs. Additionally, thermal stability is studied using thermogravimetric analysis, and the results show that PPCMs are thermally stable up to 300 °C. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47108.     

载体含量对NaNO3/硅藻土复合相变储热材料的性能影响规律

采用混合烧结工艺,通过改变硅藻土载体材料的质量分数制备5种不同参数的NaNO₃/硅藻土复合相变储热材料（CPCM）样品,并对其进行抗压强度测试、热物性测试、能谱表征、微观形貌观察及热性能分析。当硅藻土质量分数从30%增加到35%和40%时,样品抗压强度随之增加,表现出脆性材料特征,当达到45%和50%时,则表现出塑性材料特征。硅藻土的加入和混合烧结处理对NaNO₃的相变几乎没有影响。样品的热导率随温度升高而降低,在同一温度条件下,样品热导率均随硅藻土质量分数的升高基本呈上升趋势,但从30%增加到35%时,热导率的增幅大于从35%增加到50%时热导率的增幅,前者约为后者的8倍。与NaNO₃相比,样品在常温-相变前温度段和相变结束-最高温度段的平均比热容随硅藻土质量分数变化均出现先下降后上升的变化。硅藻土质量分数为35%时,样品内部结构致密,NaNO₃充分均匀吸附于硅藻土的分离独立小单元中。硅藻土质量分数为35%时样品具有较好的抗压强度和储热效果。     

聚乙二醇/涤纶接枝共聚固-固相转变贮热材料

为了制备热稳定性好、蓄热性能优异的固-固相转变材料(PCM),研究采用化学法合成了聚乙二醇(PEG)/涤纶(PET)PCM。实验结果表明,PEG/PET PCM的热力学性能与PEG的分子量、PEG/PET质量配比以及不同交联体系有关。化学接枝法合成的PEG/PET PCM,最大相变焓可达112.02 J/g,热稳定性提高,热滞后性减小,PEG/PET PCM在众多领域具有广泛应用。     

纳米复合相变蓄热材料的制备与特性

相变蓄热材料（phase change materials,PCMs）是相变蓄热技术研究的基础。针对普通相变蓄热材料热导率低的缺点,采用纳米技术改善石蜡的相变传热性能,从而提高其热导率及热扩散系数。通过纳米颗粒-石蜡复合材料熔化过程测试和纳米颗粒沉降过程观察,确定铜纳米颗粒和Hitenol BC-10分别作为实验用纳米颗粒和分散剂,在制备稳定的纳米铜颗粒-石蜡复合相变材料的基础上,对其热物性进行了实验研究。结果表明纳米铜颗粒的添加使得石蜡热导率增幅最大,实验测得固态纳米铜-石蜡热导率提高7.9%,液态提高3.8%,而固、液态热扩散系数则分别提高了20.6%和16%。     

添加碳素复(混)合相变储热材料的研究及应用进展

相变储热材料因具有储热密度大、相变温度变化小且过程易控制等优点而在许多领域具有重要应用。但传统的相变储热材料存在导热系数低及固-液相变过程中液态泄漏问题,阻碍了其实际应用。碳材料如石墨、碳纤维、碳泡沫和膨胀石墨,他们都具有高导热系数、低密度和良好的化学稳定性。将碳材料添加到相变储热材料中或与相变储热材料进行复合,从而构成碳素复(混)合相变储热材料,储热材料的导热系数及其性能可明显提高。本文综述了碳素复(混)合相变储热材料的研究进展。利用膨胀石墨的多孔特性吸附有机物制备膨胀石墨基复合相变储热材料,其储热密度大、导热系数高、性能稳定、成本低且在固-液相变过程中没有液态的流动性问题,是未来研究和应用最重要的碳素复合相变储热材料。     

相变套管式储热系统放冷性能实验研究

搭建了套管式相变储热实验系统,分别填充不同质量分数膨胀石墨与正十五烷制备而成的复合相变材料,对系统进行重复充放冷循环实验。采用有效储热比E_st和储能效率ε来表征系统性能,研究了复合相变材料中换热增强对套管式潜热储能系统放冷性能的影响。结果表明：同Re数下,相变材料热导率为0.14 W·m^-1·K^-1（工况A）放冷结束时间为1770 s,相同Re条件下热导率提升至7.10 W·m^-1·K^-1（工况B）和11.60 W·m^-1·K^-1（工况C）的结束时间分别可缩短77.3%、78.9%;热导率的增加可显著提高系统有效储热比E_st和储能效率ε,热导率从0.14 W·m^-1·K^-1增加到11.60 W·m^-1·K^-1,E_st在层流区、过渡区和湍流区分别可提升33.3%、350.0%及129.6%,ε分别可提升26.8%、52.9%及14.6%;Re的增加使得工况A和工况B中E_st和ε呈现下降趋势,工况C中E_st在Re=4298出现峰值1.62。     

基于相变储热技术的电池热管理系统研究进展

动力电池的最佳工作温度范围为20~50℃,因此热管理系统是其运行过程中不可分割的一部分。相变储热材料在发生相变时可以吸收或释放大量的热量并且温度基本保持不变,在电池热管理中得到广泛应用。本文综述了国内外基于相变储热技术的电池热管理系统的研究进展,主要介绍了基于相变材料的被动式热管理系统、主动式热管理系统以及主动式和被动相结合的耦合式热管理系统。综合来看,复合相变材料形状稳定性好、热导率高,可以有效地降低电池组的温度,提高电池组的温度均匀性。导电复合相变材料的电热转换特性还可用于低温下快速加热电池,实现加热-冷却一体化。然而在相变材料被动式热管理系统中,相变材料吸收的热量无法及时释放出去,热量的堆积会造成系统失效。将主动散热技术与相变材料耦合得到的耦合式热管理系统具有更好的控温性能、稳定性和安全性。此外,相变乳液以及相变微胶囊浆液具有比热容大、可相变等优点,替代水作为电池热管理系统的冷却介质可以获得更好的温度均匀性和更低的功耗。但相变乳液本身的稳定性差、过冷度大等问题亟需解决。总之,电池在高温和低温下都需要进行有效地温控,相变材料如何解决电池全温度段的热管理还值得进一步研究。     

固-固相变储热材料的研究进展

与固-液相变材料相比,固-固相变材料（SS-PCMs）受到的关注较少;鉴于SS-PCMs具有储能密度高、无毒且腐蚀性小、相变时无液体产生且体积变化较小、不易发生相分离以及过冷度小等优点,因而是一类具有发展潜力的相变材料。本文基于SS-PCMs的研究现状,对近年来几类重要SS-PCMs如多元醇SS-PCMs、高分子类SS-PCMs及无机盐类SS-PCMs的研究进展进行了综述。简要阐述了SS-PCMs的分类以及各类SS-PCMs的性能、相变储热机制和优缺点。同时介绍了选择固-固相变材料应用时的基本原则,并针对相变材料热导率低,过冷度大、稳定性差等问题的改性研究进行了综述,还简要综述了SS-PCMs的应用研究。最后指出,未来的研究应着眼于解决已合成SS-PCMs的缺陷,开发多功能的SS-PCMs,并在SS-PCMs的实际应用方面实现突破。     

Novel phase change materials based on fatty acid eutectics and triallyl isocyanurate composites for thermal energy storage

In this study, a series of dimension‐stabilized fatty acid eutectics and triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) composite phase change materials were prepared via in situ reaction by blending the fatty acids and TAIC, in which the fatty acids were introduced as a phase change material (PCM), and TAIC performed as a supporting material by self‐crosslinking. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis were applied to investigate the chemical structure, crystalline properties, phase transition behavior, microstructure, and thermal stability of the composites. The results indicated that the composite possessed excellent thermal reliability and heat storage durability even after 300 heating–cooling cycles. Moreover, the composites had applicable phase transition temperatures in the range of 26–40 °C and satisfying latent heat storage capacities of higher than 110 J/g. The SEM images showed that the particle size of the nanoparticles of the composites was about 200 nm after treatment. The dimensional measurement of the composites proved a high service temperature of 100 °C, indicating that the composites were promising for thermal energy storage materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44866.     

赤藓糖醇相变储热材料研究进展

赤藓糖醇具有较高的相变焓、无毒以及优异的热稳定性,作为综合性能较好的中温相变储能材料被广泛研究。但是,赤藓糖醇在相变过程中存在易泄漏、过冷度大以及导热性能较差的缺点,导致其热能的利用效率不高,极大地限制了其作为储热材料的应用。本文综述了近年来在解决赤藓糖醇相变储热材料易泄漏、过冷度高和热导率低等问题的研究进展。赤藓糖醇定型复合相变储热材料的制备方法主要有共混压制法、静电纺丝法、微胶囊法及多孔材料吸附法等,可根据不同制备方法采取相应复合策略以达到对其封装定型、降低过冷度和提高热导率的目的。最后认为未来对赤藓糖醇复合相变储热材料的研究除了解决其本身存在的热性能问题,还需对其进行功能化,以拓展其应用前景。