原发单侧症状帕金森病双侧壳核磁共振波谱研究

目的　研究帕金森病 (PD)壳核磁共振波谱 (MRS)的改变情况 ,探索PD早期诊断的线索。方法　原发单侧症状PD患者 2 5例为PD组 ,健康人 2 5名为对照组。两组分别予以双侧壳核MRS检查 ,计算乙酰天门冬氨酸 (NAA) 肌酸 (Cr) 胆碱 (Cho)浓度。结果　原发单侧症状PD组患者其症状的对侧壳核NAA/Cho Cr的比值较同侧和健康对照组明显下降 (分别为 0 8± 0 2 ,0 9± 0 3,1 1± 0 3;t =2 4 75 ,P <0 0 5和t=5 114 ,P <0 0 0 1)。对照组双侧壳核NAA/Cho Cr的比值之间差异无显著意义 (分别为 1 1± 0 3,1 1± 0 3;t =0 371,P >0 0 5 )。单侧症状PD患者其症状的同侧壳核NAA/Cho Cr的比值与对照组比较差异也有显著意义 (分别为 0 9± 0 3,1 1±0 3;t=2 2 83,P <0 0 5 )。结论　单侧症状PD其症状的对侧壳核早期就可能存在神经元的缺失或神经胶质的增生 ,提示壳核磁共振波谱分析可作为PD早期或亚临床诊断的线索之一。     

质子磁共振波谱用于帕金森病黑质代谢研究价值的探讨

目的探讨质子磁共振波谱（^1H MRS）技术在帕金森病（PD）黑质代谢变化研究中的价值。方法PD患者56例和正常对照30例行^1H MRS检查，测定双侧黑质的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸／肌酸（NAA／Cr）、N-乙酰天门冬氨酸／胆碱复合物（NAA／Cho）和胆碱复合物／肌酸（Cho／Cr）比值。结果PD患者和对照组黑质的NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr和NAA／Cho比值无显著性差异。PD患者的^1H MRS结果与UPDRS评分、H＆Y分级和病程均不存在显著相关性。结论目前的^1H MRS技术尚不能精准地反应PD患者黑质的代谢变化。     

轻度阿尔茨海默病患者磁共振成像及磁共振氢质子波谱研究

目的　探讨磁共振成像 (magneticresonanceimaging,MR)及磁共振氢质子波谱 (1H magneticresonancespectroscopy ,1H MRS)对轻度阿尔茨海默病 (Alzheimerdisease ,AD)患者的早期诊断。方法　对 18例临床确诊轻度AD患者和 2 0名正常对照者的MR及1H MRS进行分析 :MR上观察两组的海马回钩间距 (AB)及同层颅腔左右径 (CD)并计算两者间 (AB/CD)的比值 ;对两组额、颞叶区行1H MRS检测 ,得到N 乙酰天门冬氨酸 (N acetylaspartate ,NAA)峰、肌酸 (creatine ,Cr)峰、胆碱 (choline ,Cho)峰的积分值及计算NAA/Cr、NAA/ (Cr Cho)。对 2组检测值 ( x±s)行t检验。结果　AD组的AB =(2 7 5 3± 2 1)mm ,AB/CD =(0 2 2± 0 0 5 )mm及额、颞叶的NAA分别是 32 74± 4 72和35 38± 3 5 2 ,颞叶的NAA/Cr=2 4 6± 0 4 3,与正常对照组比较均有统计学差异 (P <0 0 5 )。用ROC法找出诊断阈值并联合应用诊断早期AD ,敏感性为 87% ,特异性为 94 %。结论　海马回钩间距及其与同层颅腔左右径比值的增大 ;额、颞叶NAA的减少 ,尤其是颞叶NAA的减少有助于对轻度AD患者的早期诊断。     

帕金森病患者不同脑区质子磁共振波谱研究

目的:探讨~1H-MRS对早期PD的诊断价值。方法:采用~1H-MRS技术检测早期PD、晚期PD、帕金森综合征、偏侧ET以及年龄匹配的正常对照组基底节区和皮质运动区感兴趣区的NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值。结果:早期或晚期PD、偏侧ET及帕金森综合征患者受累较重基底节区或运动皮质区NAA/Cr及Cho/Cr比值与受累较轻侧相比无显著性差异;上述各组患者受累较重基底节区或运动皮质区NAA/Cr及Cho/Cr比值与正常对照组相应感兴趣区NAA/Cr及Cho/Cr比值相比也均无显著性差异。结论:~1H-MRS无助于早期PD的诊断。     

急性脑梗死患者脑组织磁共振波谱研究

目的研究基底节区急性脑梗死患者脑组织磁共振波谱(MRS)的改变。方法应用MRS检测50例一侧基底节区梗死患者(脑梗死组)及50例其他疾病患者(对照组)双侧基底节区的N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌酸复合物(Cr)和乳酸(Lac)水平及NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值。结果脑梗死组病灶侧Cho及Cr水平均显著低于非病灶侧(均P<0.05),NAA、Lac水平及NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值的差异无统计学意义。脑梗死组病灶侧及非病灶侧Cho、NAA及Cr水平均明显低于对照组病灶对应区(P<0.001～0.05),而Lac水平明显高于对照组病灶对应区(均P<0.05)。与对照组病灶对应区比较,脑梗死组病灶侧Cho/Cr比值显著升高,非病灶侧NAA/Cr比值显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论基底节区梗死急性期病灶侧及对侧脑组织均有明显的代谢障碍,且病灶区代谢异常较对侧更明显。     

肌萎缩侧索硬化症病人大脑中央前回运动区磁共振波谱分析

目的 :1H MRS是否可确定ALS病人大脑皮质运动区神经元受损 ,是否适用于监测ALS病情。方法 :病例组包括 9例ALS病人。对照组包括 5例健康人 ,同时测定大脑皮质运动区的NAA、Cho、Cr。结果 :ALS病例组中NAA/Cr显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,Cho/Cr显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :NAA/Cr下降和Cho/Cr升高 ,提示ALS病人大脑皮质运动区存在神经元破坏和鞘膜功能的异常     

早期帕金森患者50例磁共振波谱的临床研究

目的探讨磁共振波谱对早期诊断帕金森(PD)的研究价值。方法选择原发性PD患者50例,Hoehn-Yahr分期<2期,给予磁共振波谱扫描(MRS),进行活体定位脑组织的代谢、生化研究及定量分析。结果 PD患者脑黑质、纹状体中的N-乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸(NAA/Cr)胆碱/乳酸(Cho/Cr)等比值较正常人明显降低,P<0.05。结论 MRS对早期诊断PD具有一定的临床意义。     

1H 磁共振波谱分析在评价多发性硬化轴索损害中的临床价值

目的 探讨1H磁共振波谱分析(1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H MRS)在评价多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)轴索损害中的临床价值.方法 对36例MS患者(MS组)和26例健康志愿者(健康对照组)行头颅MRI及1H MRS检查,计算脑部代谢产物N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)的水平并比较两组间NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值的差异.采用扩展的功能障碍分级法(EDSS)对MS患者进行评分并分析其NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr 比值与EDSS评分间的相关性.结果 MS组NAA/Cr比值(1.44±0.44)显著低于对照组(1.89±0.49)(P＜0.05),MS组Cho/Cr比值(1.92±0.80)显著高于对照组(1.48±0.36)(P＜0.05).MS组NAA/Cr 比值与EDSS评分之间呈负相关(r=-0.503,P＜0.05),Cho/Cr比值与EDSS评分之间无相关性(r=0.14,P＞0.05).结论 MS患者脑部病灶NAA/Cr比值下降可提示MS患者轴索损害的程度.     

脑质子磁共振波谱分析对早期帕金森病诊断价值的初步研究

目的探讨质子磁共振波谱（1H—MRS）在早期帕金森病（Parkinson’sdisease,PD）诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对20例偏侧PD患者（Hoehn-YahrI级）和20例年龄匹配正常对照者双侧纹状体进行1H-MRS检测,对比分析PD患者与正常对照者的纹状体N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸（NAA）／肌酸复合物（Cr）和含胆碱化合物（Cho）／Cr比值的变化。结果PD患者患侧肢体对侧纹状体NAA／Cr比值显著低于同侧和正常对照者（P〈0．05）,Cho／Cr比值显著高于同侧和正常对照者（P〈0．05）;但PD患者患侧肢体同侧纹状体NAA／Cr和Cho／Cr比值与正常对照者比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论1H-MRS是可以为偏侧PD患者纹状体的神经细胞病理学改变提供有价值的信息的一种无创技术,有助于早期PD的诊断。     

帕金森病丘脑和纹状体质子磁共振波谱研究

目的　探索帕金森病 (Parkinson sdisease ,PD)病人丘脑和纹状体质子磁共振波谱变化 ,评价质子磁共振波谱技术用于帕金森病的诊断和病理生理研究的价值。方法　采用质子磁共振波谱技术检测 2 2例帕金森病人与 12例年龄匹配的健康对照者双侧丘脑、纹状体NAA、Cho、Cr含量 ,分析比较NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho比值的变化。结果　PD患者丘脑NAA/Cr比值较正常组明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr无明显变化 ;患者纹状体NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr与正常对照组没有明显区别。结论　NAA/Cr降低是评价PD患者神经元功能损害的重要指标 ,质子磁共振波谱技术可以作为进一步研究帕金森病病理生理过程和诊断的无创性检测方法。     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of motor cortex and basal ganglia in de novo Parkinson's disease patients

Proton MR spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) has been previously performed in Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes to evaluate in vivo concentrations of basal ganglia and cerebral cortex metabolites such as N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr). However, this technique has never been used to evaluate motor cortex in untreated PD patients. In this study, single-voxel ¹-H-MRS of basal ganglia and motor cortex was carried out in 10 de novo patients with PD and 10 age-matched healthy controls. A significant reduction in the NAA/Cr ratio was observed in the motor cortex of PD patients compared with controls (p<0.01). Basal ganglia spectra did not allow any evaluation due to the presence of artefacts related to inorganic paramagnetic substances. The motor cortex reduction of the NAA/Cr ratio in de novo PD patients may reflect an altered neuronal functioning due to a loss of thalamocortical excitatory inputs and may represent an in vivo marker for the diagnosis of PD.     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lenticular nuclei in simple schizophrenia

1. The lenticula nuclei have been suggested to be the site of structural and functional abnormalities in schizophrenia. 2. Recently, several studies involving proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) showed that the ratio of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) to choline-containing compounds (Cho) was significantly reduced in the basal ganglia region in patients with schizophrenia. 3. Simple schizophrenia is characterized by social withdrawal and affective flattening, but not by prominent catatonic, hebephrenic or paranoid features. 4. We studied, using 1H MRS, the lenticula nuclei of 10 patients with simple schizophrenia, and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. 5. No differences between the patients and the controls were found in any of the measured ratios, i.e. Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho. 6. Our results suggest the normal viability of neuronal cells, as found on quantification of NAA, Cr and Cho, in the lenticular nuclei of patients with simple schizophrenia. 7. The pathophysiology of simple schizophrenia may be different from those of other types of schizophrenia.     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lenticular nuclei in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a safe and non-invasive technique for the in vivo study of brain chemistry and metabolism. As such, it is highly applicable to the study of living brain tissue in psychiatric diseases. Several neuropathological and neuroimaging studies have suggested that abnormalities of the basal ganglia nuclei might be implicated in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In the present study, we performed proton [1H]MRS of the lenticular nuclei in 12 patients with OCD and 12 healthy normal comparison subjects. The peaks of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and choline-containing compounds (Cho) were measured. No differences between OCD patients and normal subjects were found in the NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios. Our results suggest the normal viability of neuronal cells, as indicated by the quantification of NAA, Cr and Cho in the lenticular nuclei of patients with OCD.     

Effect of occupational manganese exposure on the central nervous system of welders: 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI findings

This study investigated the relationship between long-term occupational manganese (Mn) exposure on the regional Mn concentration in the brain, neuronal loss, and neurobehavioral effects on welders. 1H MRS of the basal ganglia (BG) was performed on 20 male welders and 10 age- and gender-matched, non-office, control workers in a shipyard to assess the metabolic change, and the N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios, by the level of Mn exposure. We also assessed the signal intensity of T1-weighted image of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on globus pallidus (GP) compared to that of the frontal white matter (pallidal index, PI). The welders had significantly higher signal intensity than the controls. PI showed a significant dose-response relationship with cumulative exposure index (CEI) (r=0.54, p=0.002). CEI and PI showed different relationships with NAA/Cr according to smoking status, and the correlation was evident only in non-smokers (r=-0.73 and -0.57, respectively). There were no significant differences between the welders and the controls in NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, and NAA/Cho ratios obtained from BG. CEI was positively correlated with simple reaction time. PI was positively correlated with mean sway (MSWAY), sway area (SWAYA), and sway intensity (SWAYI), and negatively correlated with maximum frequency (MAXF). After categorizing the subjects into two groups according to NAA/Cr ratio level, the low NAA/Cr ratio group showed significantly lower score on digit span backward and significantly higher score on MSWAY, SWAYA and SWAYI in regression analysis than the high NAA/Cr ratio group. We speculated that the NAA/Cr ratio of MRS in BG seems to reflect the cumulative effect of Mn exposure on the human brain. Due to uneven distribution of smoking among the welders and the controls, in addition to the small number of subjects in our study, our findings are needed further studies with a larger number of subjects.     

Metabolic changes in 37 newly diagnosed Wilson's disease patients assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Wilson's Disease (WD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The literature about proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) in WD is based mostly on data derived from patients undergoing treatment. The aim of this study was to identify brain metabolic changes in newly diagnosed WD patients using MRS to elucidate the pathomechanism of the cerebral pathology of WD. The globus pallidus and thalamus of 37 patients with WD were examined bilaterally with MRS. The calculations were performed for: myoinositol (mI), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), lipid (Lip), glutamine, and glutamate (Glx). In all WD patients a significantly decreased mI/Cr and NAA/Cr ratio levels and an increased Lip/Cr ratio in the pallidum were observed. Analysis revealed a significantly increased Glx/Cr and Lip/Cr ratio in the thalamus. In the pallidum of neurologically impaired patients, Cho/Cr, Glx/Cr and Lip/Cr ratios were higher than in control subjects, and the NAA/Cr was significantly lower. In hepatic patients, the mI/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr ratio levels were lower than in controls. The Cho/Cr and Lip/Cr ratios were higher in the thalami of neurologically impaired patients, and Lip/Cr ratios were higher than controls' in hepatic patients. Both findings were statistically significant. Compared to the thalamus, the basal ganglia are more sensitive to ongoing degenerative changes and portal-systemic encephalopathy in WD. The NAA/Cr reduction in hepatic and neurologically impaired patients could indicate that neurodegeneration is associated with all presentations of WD. In hepatic patients a mI and Cho decrease and in neurological Glx increase can be caused by porto-systemic shunting.     

MRS联合DTI评估帕金森病认知障碍的初步研究

目的探讨1~H-磁共振波谱(1~H-MRS)及弥散张量成像(DTI)技术对早期诊断帕金森病(PD)患者认知障碍(PD-CI)患者脑部损害,探讨其在PD-CI的早期诊断及临床病情评估中的价值。方法采用Mo CA量表对14例PD患者及健康对照进行认知功能评定;应用1~H-MRS采集各感兴趣区(ROI)N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)及肌酸(Cr)浓度,计算NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值。然后对1~H-MRS所选ROI相同区域进行DTI扫描,测定各向异性分数(FA),并进一步分析三者之间及其与Mo CA评分之间的关系。结果 PD组Mo CA量表得分较对照组明显降低(P0.05),认知障碍明显。PD组额叶、颞叶、纹状体NAA/Cr值与对照组相比明显下降(P0.05),而两组黑质NAA/Cr值、各部位Cho/Cr值对比无明显差异。PD组额叶、黑质FA值与对照组相比明显降低(P0.05),而两组颞叶、纹状体FA值对比无明显差异。PD患者额叶、颞叶平均NAA/Cr值与Mo CA量表得分呈正相关(P0.05);额叶平均FA值与Mo CA量表得分呈正相关(P0.05)。PD患者额叶平均NAA/Cr值与FA值呈正相关(P0.05)。结论 1~H-MRS联合DTI扫描能更好地检测出PD认知障碍的患者可能存在的隐匿性损伤;分别从结构和代谢两方面为PD-CI的早期诊断提供客观指标;额叶NAA/Cr、FA值的下降与认知功能下降相关。     

Review of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis

In a review of the current literature, we identified (1)H MRS studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) that examined the metabolites N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (mI), glutamate/glutamine/gamma-aminobutyric acid-GABA (Glx), and creatine (Cr). Separate meta-analyses comparing adult and pediatric MDD patients with healthy controls were performed. For adults, 14 studies with 227 patients/246 controls for NAA, 15 studies with 240 patients/261 controls for Cho, seven studies with 96 patients/104 controls for mI, six studies with 86 patients/109 controls for Glx, and nine studies with 146 patients/173 controls for Cr were identified. There were six studies containing a total of 79 pediatric depressed patients. We performed 15 separate meta-analyses to combine results from studies with similar characteristics. Adult MDD patients had higher Cho/Cr values than controls in the basal ganglia. In contrast, three studies on Glx levels indicated significantly lower Glx levels in the frontal lobe of MDD patients. The review indicated increased Cho/Cr in the basal ganglia in MDD and no alteration of NAA, suggesting an increased membrane turnover in MDD without a neurodegenerative outcome. Lower Glx levels in depressed patients in contrast to a likely hyperglutamatergic state in bipolar disorder may implicate a different pathophysiological ground in MDD.     

MR spectroscopy in monitoring the treatment of Wilson's disease patients

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H‐MRS) for monitoring therapy in Wilson's disease (WD) patients. Voxels were located in the globus pallidus (right, left). We followed 17 newly diagnosed WD cases for 1‐year period. During this observation period, 6 neurological and 9 hepatic patients improved, while 2 neurological patients deteriorated. The pretreatment ¹H‐MRS analysis showed a statistically significant lower level of mI/Cr, NAA/Cr, and higher Lip/Cr in all WD patients with improvement compared with controls. In patients with hepatic signs, a statistically significant increase of mI/Cr and Glx/Cr was observed in the second (1 year posttreatment) ¹H‐MRS. In patients with neurological improvement after treatment in the follow‐up ¹H‐MRS, a statistically significant increase of NAA/Cr was noted. During neurological deterioration, a decrease of Glx/Cr and NAA/Cr was seen, in contrast to another neurologically impaired patient with liver failure exacerbation, where a decrease of mI/Cr and increase of Glx/Cr was observed. The alternations of NAA/Cr ratio in neurologically impaired patients and mI/Cr and Glx/Cr in patients with liver failure could be a sensitive marker of the clinical recovery and deterioration in those WD patients. ¹H‐MRS is a technique that can be used for accurate monitoring of treatment efficacy in WD patients. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society