过程工业中的计算机仿真培训系统

本文论述了计算机仿真培训系统在过程工业中的作用和意义,介绍了计算机仿真培训系统的构成与类型,并讨论了仿真培训系统所用过程数学模型的特点及模型开发方法。最后简要提及了过程工业中计算机仿真培训技术的发展情况并展示了可能的发展趋势。     

碳黑生产过程仿真系统开发

作者在全面介绍碳黑仿真系统软、硬件的结构的同时，着重阐明它的设计思想和技术特色；标准、适用、灵活是该系统的最重要的特点；实现了全流程的仿真；该系统既可用于培训，还可用于运行指导。     

聚酯生产过程计算机仿真系统开发

在工艺开发及技术改造中，计算机仿真是一非常有力的手段。针对聚酯生产过程提出了聚酯生产流程计算机仿真系统的总体构造。     

铂重整装置仿真培训系统的开发

开发了催化重整装置的仿真培训系统，介绍了系统的结构和各部分的功能。同时，成功地开发了包括开工、停工和正常操作的重整反应器动态仿真培训模型，。操作人员在仿真培训系统上的操作结果表明，该系统是培训操作人员的一个有效工具。     

燃料乙醇装置仿真培训系统的开发

在吉林兴建的燃料乙醇装置,具有年生产能力大、生产工艺复杂、自动化水平高等特点,又是国内首家,工艺过程没有同行可借鉴,因此,装置开车前的计算机仿真培训是保证正常开车的必要条件。计算机仿真培训是借助于多媒体计算机设备和仿真软件而进行的一种以实际操作技能为主的培训方式,全面介绍了燃料乙醇仿真系统软、硬件的结构,着重阐明设计思想和技术特色;实现了全流程的仿真;该系统既可用于培训,还可用于运行指导。     

化工仿真培训系统技术进展

本文简要回顾了化工仿真培训系统的发展,简单介绍了该系统的组成;分析了化工仿真培训系统的技术进展。     

合成氨和尿素装置仿真培训系统的开发及应用

论述了合成氨和尿素装置仿真培训系统(OTS)开发过程中具体建模的范围以及建模所用方法,其中包括装置各动、静设备模型中用到的方法和装置各个系统物料计算所用到的热力学方法。对已成功开发的OTS模拟器在操作员工的培训、控制系统的校验、操作员工能力的测评以及操作员工技能竞赛等方面的应用进行了介绍,同时也对新建装置在OTS开发过程中经常遇到的问题进行了简要说明。     

化工仿真培训系统

借助计算机,应用化工仿真培训系统来描述化工过程。硬件包括两套仿真系统,软件由系统软件、仿ＤＣＳ软件、典型的化工单元与装置级软件构成     

合成氨工艺操作仿真培训系统的开发应用

介绍了合成氨工艺操作员仿真培训系统的架构,合成氨OTS系统的前期准备、功能设计、模型开发、系统集成、测试验收等开发过程,实现的功能和应用情况。     

丙烯腈生产工艺优化研究

介绍了当前丙烯腈生产技术的进展,分析了吉化丙烯腈装置丙烯消耗偏高的原因,在此基础上,通过理论分析与计算机模拟计算后提出了降耗的具体措施,对丙烯腈的生产过程优化具有重要的指导意义。     

苯胺精馏过程优化模拟系统

根据苯胺生产装置中苯胺精制工序的原料动态变化的特点,以Visual Basic6．O为开发工具,使用Active技术,以PRO-Ⅱ软件为服务器,建立了包括回收塔、脱水塔和苯胺精馏塔等主要设备的精馏工序故学模型,开发出了苯胺精馏过程的优化模拟系统。依据实际操作数据进行摸拟计算,当原料的质量指标、原料价格、冷却水、蒸汽价格等经济技术指标发生变化时,可以自动调整苯胺精馏塔的操作参故,进行最优配置,在保证产品质量指标的前提下,确定获得最佳经济效益时的适宜操作参数,并根据模拟出的效益情况,确定停车再生催化剂的时间。     

丙烯腈的研究与应用进展

综述了国内外丙烯腈的生产工艺和应用进展,指出了目前存在的问题和发展趋势。     

Absorption of CO2 in high acrylonitrile content copolymers: dependence on acrylonitrile content

In continuation of our goal to determine the ability of CO₂ to plasticize acrylonitrile (AN) copolymers and facilitate melt processing at temperatures below the onset of thermal degradation, a systematic study has been performed to determine the influence of AN content on CO₂ absorption and subsequent viscosity reduction. Our previous report focused on the absorption of CO₂ in a relatively thermally stable 65 mol% AN copolymer. In this study, the ability for CO₂ to absorb in AN copolymers containing 85-98 mol% acrylonitrile was determined, and subsequent viscosity and equivalent processing temperature reductions were evaluated. Eighty five and 90 mol% acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate (AN/MA) copolymers were found to absorb up to 5.6 and 3.0 wt% CO₂, corresponding to reductions of T_g of 37 and 27 °C, and subsequent viscosity reductions of 61 and 56%, respectively. CO₂ absorption in these copolymers was found to occur immediately, in contrast to the time dependent absorption observed in the 65 mol% copolymer. An Arrhenius scaling analysis was used to determine the equivalent reductions in processing temperature resulting from the viscosity reductions, and reductions of up to 25 and 9 °C were observed for the 85 and 90 mol% AN copolymers. Based on the specific conditions used for absorption, no significant CO₂ uptake was observed for AN copolymers containing greater than 90 mol% acrylonitrile. Higher temperatures than those used here may be required to absorb CO₂ into AN copolymers containing greater than 90 mol% AN.     

Investigation of acrylonitrile polymerization on the surface of porous microspherical silica gel

The kinetics of acrylonitrile polymerization on the surface of porous microspherical silica gel (PMSS) was studied and some kinetic parameters were determined. The structure of PMSS-based sorbents was analyzed by FTIR-spectroscopy, XRD and sorption analysis before and after microcapsulation with polyacrylonitrile.     

Active sites of Cu-ZSM-5 for the decomposition of acrylonitrile

The catalytic decomposition of acrylonitrile (AN) over Cu-ZSM-5 prepared with various Cu loadings was investigated. AN conversion, during which the nitrogen atoms in AN were mainly converted to N₂, increased as Cu loading increased. N₂ selectivities as high as 90–95% were attained. X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction by H₂ (H₂-TPR) showed the existence of bulk CuO in Cu-ZSM-5 with a Cu loading of 6.4 wt% and the existence of highly dispersed CuO in Cu-ZSM-5 with a Cu loading of 3.3 wt%. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed that Cu-ZSM-5 contains three forms of isolated Cu²⁺ ions (square-planar, square-pyramidal, and distorted square-pyramidal). The H₂-TPR results suggested that in Cu-ZSM-5 with a Cu loading of 2.9 wt% and below, Cu⁺ existed even after oxidizing pretreatment. The activity of AN decomposition over Cu/SiO₂ suggested that CuO could form N₂, but, independent of the CuO dispersion, nitrogen oxides (NO_x) were formed above 350 °C. Cu⁺ and the square-pyramidal and distorted square-pyramidal forms of Cu²⁺ showed low activity for AN decomposition. Temperature-programmed desorption of NH₃ suggested that N₂ formation from NH₃ proceeded on Cu²⁺, resulting in the formation of Cu⁺. The Cu⁺ ions were oxidized to Cu²⁺ at around 300 °C. Thus, high N₂ selectivity over Cu-ZSM-5 with a wide range of temperature was probably attained by the reaction over the square-planar Cu²⁺, which can be reversibly reduced and oxidized.     

Experimental investigation and simulation of gas-liquid-liquid reactive extraction process for the production of hydrogen peroxide

The gas-liquid-liquid reactive extraction system for the production of hydrogen peroxide via anthraquinone route was investigated. The oxidation of the hydrogenated anthraquinone working solution by oxygen and the extraction of hydrogen peroxide from the working solution with deionized water were carried out simultaneously in a sieve plate column of 50 mm in diameter. The effects of the superficial velocity of oxygen on the conversion of 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone and the extraction efficiency of hydrogen peroxide were investigated, separately. The results showed that the oxidation and the extraction do not hamper each other, on the contrary, the presence of gas in the column can promote the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from the organic phase to the aqueous phase, therefore, the conversion of 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone and the extraction efficiency of hydrogen peroxide increased with the increase of gas superficial velocity. In addition, a mathematical model for the simulation of the gas-liquid-liquid reactive extraction process was developed. The predicted values were compared with the experimental data at different conditions and the agreement was found to be quite satisfactory for the production of hydrogen peroxide in a sieve plate column.     

丙烯腈的技术概况和发展趋势

简要介绍了丙烯腈的国内外生产情况,详细阐述了丙烯腈的技术开发动向和技术发展趋势,并对我国丙烯腈技术发展提出了建议。