海水浸泡对FRP筋-珊瑚混凝土粘结性能的影响

开展了30℃海水浸泡条件下玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料（GFRP）筋、碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）筋与珊瑚混凝土粘结性能的试验研究,分析了纤维增强树脂基复合材料（FRP）筋-珊瑚混凝土粘结滑移曲线特征、破坏形态及粘结强度变化。试验结果表明,海水浸泡后FRP筋力学性能和粘结性能均表现为不同程度的降低。随浸泡时间增加,GFRP筋表层树脂与纤维间的孔隙率明显增大,并逐渐出现脱粘现象,纤维本身遭受到侵蚀,而CFRP筋仅表面基体有少许损伤,其耐久性明显优于GFRP筋;FRP筋-珊瑚混凝土粘结强度呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,且后期下降速率逐渐变小,部分GFRP筋-珊瑚混凝土试件的破坏模式逐渐由筋被拔出转变为筋材断裂;增加保护层厚度能有效地减缓海水对GFRP筋的侵蚀,有利于保持GFRP筋-珊瑚混凝土间的粘结性能。     

碳纤维-玻璃纤维层内混杂单向增强环氧树脂复合材料拉伸性能

采用不同混杂比的碳纤维-玻璃纤维层内经向混编单轴向织物制备了混杂纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料, 研究了不同混杂结构和不同混杂比的碳纤维-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸性能的变化及破坏形式。0°拉伸结果表明:同种混杂织物的不同混杂结构中, 碳纤维相对集中的完全对齐结构强度最高, 不同混杂比织物的完全对齐结构强度相当;碳纤维-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的模量遵循混合定律。90°拉伸结果表明:纤维与树脂间的界面结合强度为碳纤维/树脂>玻璃纤维/树脂, 碳纤维-玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的强度、模量与材料厚度方向上界面的不同形式(单一或交替界面、碳纤维或玻璃纤维的分布位置等)有关, 与碳纤维的含量基本无关。      

湿法缠绕用T800碳纤维复合材料基体研究

针对T800碳纤维和湿法缠绕的特点,开发了一种适合T800碳纤维湿法缠绕用的树脂基体,测试了该树脂基体与T800碳纤维制成复合材料的力学性能和耐湿热性能。结果表明,该树脂体系的粘度和适用期可满足湿法缠绕成型工艺要求,制备的T-800碳纤维复合材料界面粘接好,层间剪切强度达到101 MPa,NOL环拉伸强度高于2500MPa;单向复合材料经95℃蒸馏水浸泡150h后的平衡吸湿率低于1%、力学性能保留率高,耐湿热性能优良。     

纤维增强复合材料界面研究(五)——碳纤维复合材料的湿热稳定性与界面粘结的关系

本文研究了在热水浸环境中两种环氧树脂基体及其碳纤维复合材料的水扩散特征。研究结果表明,复合材科的扩散系数可用树脂基体的扩散系数来预测。还研究了水对复合材料的层间剪切强度、弯曲强度和断裂能的影响。在水浸下两种复合材料力学性能的降低速度取决于它们的水扩散系数。用扫描电镜观察复合材料断裂表面的结果表明,这些力学性能的变化同纤维-基体界面粘结的湿降解直接有关。层间剪切强度的积累性湿降解动力学表达式可用Halpin等提出的式子来表示。      

热氧老化对三维编织碳纤维-玻璃纤维/双马来酰亚胺树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

研究了三维编织碳纤维-玻璃纤维/双马来酰亚胺树脂复合材料和层合碳纤维-玻璃纤维/双马来酰亚胺树脂复合材料在200℃和250℃分别老化10、30、90、120和180天后的弯曲和剪切性能的变化。结果显示热氧环境下,纤维/双马来酰亚胺树脂基体界面性能随着老化时间的延长而显著下降,且编织复合材料老化后的弯曲和剪切性能保留率大于层合复合材料。这是由于编织复合材料中沿厚度方向的Z向纱将所有纱线捆绑为一个整体结构抵抗外力,且在热氧老化造成复合材料之间产生裂纹时,Z向纱的存在可以阻挡裂纹的扩展,减缓材料的老化速率。这说明与层合复合材料相比,编织复合材料的整体结构能够起到补偿由热氧老化导致的力学性能下降的作用。      

国产T700级碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺树脂复合材料界面性能

分别以日本东丽T700S和国产T700级碳纤维作为增强体,采用热压罐成型工艺制备了双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料。对比研究了两种碳纤维表面物理、化学状态以及复合材料的微观界面性能、层间剪切性能。结果表明,国产T700级碳纤维表面沟槽结构分布较多,表面粗糙度较高,有利于与树脂基体形成更好的物理结合作用。虽然两种碳纤维的含氧官能团相当,但国产T700级碳纤维表面元素氧碳比较高,有利于与基体树脂形成更好的化学结合作用,其界面剪切强度较T700S碳纤维复合材料高约14%,复合材料的层间剪切强度高约19%。     

纤维增强复合材料界面研究(四)——增强材料对界面粘结和复合材料力学性能的影响

本文选用增韧E-51为基体分别与碳纤维、玻璃纤维和混杂纤维复合,测定了这两种复合材料的层间剪切强度、纵向冲击强度和层间断裂韧性。又通过扫描电镜观察断口形貌来研究增强材料与基体的界面粘结对复合材料力学性能的影响。研究结果表明增韧E-51基体在玻璃纤维表面形成一层厚度均匀的包复层。复合材料的破坏主要发生在包复层与基体之间,裂纹分枝多,G_c值高,而碳/增韧E-51中的碳纤维表面没有包复层,破坏发生在纤维与基体之间,裂纹分枝少,层间剪切强度与玻璃纤维复合材料相近而G_c值很低。本文还对比了增韧E-51基体与F-46基体在界面粘接中的作用。研究结果表明,用玻璃纤维与F-46复合,界面粘结牢固,复合材料的层剪强度很高,G_c值低。      

湿热环境对抽油杆CF/VE拉挤复合材料的影响

研究了95℃蒸馏水环境中油田抽油杆用碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂(CF/VE)拉挤复合材料的吸湿特性,以及材料的力学性能和动态热机械性能的变化,并观察了湿热老化前后该复合材料的表面和断口形貌。结果表明,CF/VE拉挤复合材料的吸湿行为符合菲克第二定律,材料的平衡含湿量M_m约为1.046％,水分在复合材料中的扩散系数约为2.233×10-6 mm2/s;复合材料的性能下降趋势与吸湿率的增加趋势相对应,浸泡1176 h后,弯曲强度和层间剪切强度的最终保留率分别约为49％和54％;DMTA及SEM结果表明,湿热环境导致该复合材料发生基体溶胀、塑化和界面脱粘,引起基体和界面形貌的变化,但未发生化学老化。      

高性能T800碳纤维复合材料树脂基体

在分析T800 碳纤维表面上胶剂的基础上, 系统研究了适用于制备高性能T800 碳纤维复合材料的树脂基体, 测试了树脂浇注体及其复合材料的力学性能和热机械性能, 研究了树脂基体对T800 碳纤维复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明, T800 碳纤维表面上胶剂中酯基含量较高, 与缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂有良好的界面相容性, 经复配和优化的树脂体系其T800 碳纤维复合材料的层间剪切强度达到138 MPa , NOL 环拉伸强度达到2530MPa , 玻璃化温度( Tg ) 达到213 ℃, 具有优异的界面性能和耐热性能。      

C/G混杂增强聚砜及其共混物夹芯层板的弯曲和冲击性能

本文分别用热塑性树脂聚砜及加入反应性增塑剂双(4(4-乙炔基苯氧基)苯基)砜以改进聚砜的热性能及加工性能的混杂树脂作基体,研究了碳纤维、玻璃纤维和两种纤维混杂增强的夹芯层板的弯曲和冲击力学性能。除比较了这两种基体复合材料的常温力学性能外,还详细讨论混杂复合材料的混杂效应。应用这些效应,材料的价格及综合性能将得到合理的选择和平衡。      

Effect of postcuring immersed in water under hydraulic pressure on fatigue performance of large‐diameter pultruded carbon/glass hybrid rod

A pultruded carbon fibre core (CFC) and glass fibre shell (GFS) hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (HFRP) rod with the diameter of 19 mm was developed. It was kept immersed in water in a self‐designed pressure chamber device with adjustable hydraulic pressure (20 MPa); after immersion, the tension‐tension fatigue performance was measured at stress levels of 41.7%, 33.4%, and 25.0%. Significant postcuring of resin was observed, resulting in the increase in T_gs for the core and shell layers. There was no significant decrease in the tensile strength of the hybrid rod. The fatigue failure of the hybrid rod was accompanied by debonding of CFC/GFS interface, redistribution of cyclic load, and catastrophic splitting or bursting of GFS. The immersion in water under hydraulic pressure led to a significant increase in fatigue life. The increase in the fatigue life was because of the improvement in interface bonding strength and toughness of the resin owing to the postcuring of the resin. After fatigue, significant degradation in the residual interface bonding strength was observed for the hybrid rods.     

多轴向玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料的破坏特性和损伤机制

通过对玻纤增强环氧乙烯基酯树脂(GF/EVE)和玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯树脂(GF/UP)复合材料的多轴向铺层设计试件进行低速冲击、弯曲和剪切破坏性力学试验,分析了不同铺层方式的GF/EVE和GF/UP复合材料冲击、弯曲和剪切载荷作用下产生的损伤及失效模式。结果表明:在铺层设计与工艺相同的情况下,CF/EVE的弯曲强度、冲击韧性均优于CF/UP;[0,90]6试件冲击能量吸收性能优于其他五种铺层方式;铺设角设计、树脂基体类型、铺层厚度对层合板剪切力学性能的影响较小。并基于SEM与超声C扫描成像检测(C-SAM)对复合材料的微观界面脱粘机制及损伤演化行为进行阐释。     

Hybrid carbon fiber composite lattice truss structures

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite sandwich panels with hybrid foam filled CFRP pyramidal lattice cores have been assembled from linear carbon fiber braids and Divinycell H250 polymer foam trapezoids. These have been stitched to 3D woven carbon fiber face sheets and infused with an epoxy resin using a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. Sandwich panels with carbon fiber composite truss volumes of 1.5–17.5% of the core volume have been fabricated, and the through-thickness compressive strength and modulus measured, and compared with micromechanical models that establish the relationships between the mechanical properties of the core, its topology and the mechanical properties of the truss and foam. The through thickness modulus and strength of the hybrid cores is found to increase with increasing truss core volume fraction. However, the lattice strength saturates at high CFRP truss volume fraction as the proportion of the truss material contained in the nodes increases. The use of linear carbon fiber braids is shown to facilitate the simpler fabrication of hybrid CFRP structures compared to previously described approaches. Their specific strength, moduli and energy absorption is found to be comparable to those made by alternative approaches.     

电热作用对碳纤维/树脂复合材料界面应力的影响电热作用对碳纤维/树脂复合材料界面应力的影响

碳纤维/树脂复合材料广泛应用于民用航空器结构中,在服役期间会受到复杂环境（湿热、腐蚀、复杂应力和电热作用等）的作用,低强度电流对碳纤维/树脂复合材料的影响受到的关注较少。以碳纤维/树脂复合材料为研究对象,根据碳纤维的温敏效应和通电时的电阻变化规律,计算出碳纤维单丝/环氧树脂复合试样的界面温度范围,之后采用拉曼光谱测试和单丝断裂实验研究了低强度电流对单丝复合体系界面应力和界面剪切强度的影响。结果表明:随着电流强度的提高,单丝复合体系的界面温度随之升高,电流为8 mA时,界面温度高达约200℃。随着电流强度的增大,单丝复合体系的界面压缩应力表现为先增大后减小的趋势,电流高于7 mA后,界面处树脂出现烧蚀降解破坏;单丝断裂实验结果表明随着电流强度增大,单丝复合体系的界面剪切强度呈现先升后降的趋势,在6 mA时界面剪切强度达到最大值62.39 MPa,而8 mA时界面剪切强度仅为34.95 MPa。      

Shear bond of composites-to-brick applied with highly deformable,in relation to resin epoxy,interface materials

The paper presents comparison of a work of stiff and flexible bonds fastening composite strengthening to masonry. In the first approach (traditional), barely deformable interface material made of stiff epoxy resin is used as shear bonds of composites-to-brick. In the second one (innovative), highly deformable interface material made of flexible polymer is used as repair shear bonds of composites-to-brick. Behavior of both materials was compared using single-lap shear tests made on four kinds of fiber fabrics (glass, carbon, basalt and steel) applied to clay brick units. The results indicated that highly deformable interface materials allow increasing load capacity, because deformable adhesive layers reduce shear stress concentrations in bond, redistributing stress more evenly along the whole lap joint. Usefulness of the theory which allows calculating the bond shear stress–slip characteristic was also discussed in accordance to the highly deformable interface materials.     

Processing a glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester composite with nanotube enhancement of interlaminar shear strength

Carbon nanotubes have been considered as a promising means of enhancing the properties of advanced composites in a range of polymer systems. Expected property enhancements include high strength and stiffness, improved toughness, impact and through-thickness properties. Z-axis properties like shear strength are of special interest for laminated composite structures subjected to transverse loads. This paper reports the processing of a glass fiber reinforced vinyl ester composite with nanotube integration and examines the reinforcement potential on interlaminar shear strength. Several sidewall functionalized nanotube derivatives were also prepared in order to obtain high dispersion and matrix bonding. Carbon nanotube enhanced vinyl ester/glass fiber composites were fabricated by a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. Overcoating the glass fiber weave with nanotubes and processing modification led to enhancement of the interface properties. A maximum of 45% increase in shear strength over control sample was observed on several types of nanotubes with a very small amount of nanotubes (0.015 wt%) coated in the midplane ply.     

Vibration damping characteristics of carbon nanotubes-based thin hybrid composite spherical shell structures

The present work deals with the evaluation of elastic properties and dynamic analyses of thin hybrid composite shell structures, which consist of conventional carbon fiber as the reinforcing phase and multiwalled carbon nanotubes-based polymer as the matrix phase. The Mori-Tanaka and strength of material method has been implemented to determine the elastic properties of such hybrid composite structures without and with considering agglomerations. An eight-noded shell element, which considers stress resultant-type Koiter's shell theory and transverse shear effect as per Mindlin's hypothesis having five degrees of freedom at each node, has been utilized for discretizing and analysis of such hybrid shell structures. The Rayleigh damping model has been implemented in order to study the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on damping capacity of such hybrid composite shell structures. Different types of spherical shell panels have been analyzed in order to study the time and frequency responses. Results show that the elastic properties as well as damping properties of such hybrid composite structures improved with the addition of CNTs as compared to conventional carbon fiber reinforced composites laminates; effects of some important parameters on the vibration characteristic of such hybrid composite shell structures have also been presented. The effects of agglomeration parameters on the elastic properties and their influences on the dynamic responses considering different layers and stacking sequences have also been investigated.     

聚合物涂层对高模量碳纤维表面性能的影响

为改善碳纤维表面性能以及碳纤维/树脂复合材料的界面性能,对PAN基高模量碳纤维（HMCF）表面进行聚合物涂层处理。研究了不同潜伏性固化剂含量的聚合物涂层对HMCF表面以及碳纤维/树脂复合材料的界面性能的影响。IR分析表明,聚合物涂层与纤维或树脂基体发生了化学反应。扫描电镜和动态机械热分析的结果也说明,聚合物涂层能够提高...     

碳纤维表面处理及其对碳纤维/树脂界面影响的研究

碳纤维增强树脂/石墨复合材料是树脂/石墨双极板材料的一个主要研究内容,纤维与树脂间的界面结合是其中的关键问题.综述了碳纤维的氧化处理、偶联剂涂层处理和等离子体处理方法及各种处理方法对碳纤维/树脂界面的影响.对碳纤维的表面处理,可以提高碳纤维与树脂的界面粘接力,获得良好的界面层,达到对界面的优化处理.     

常压等离子处理碳纤/玻纤间隔织物的效果表征

碳/玻纤间隔织物是一种新型结构的纤维增强材料,其纤维与树脂的结合牢度是决定其复合材料性能的主要因素。为了进一步改善碳纤维和玻璃纤维与树脂的界面结合性能,本文采用不同功率的常压低温等离子技术对整体中空织物进行处理,然后通过扫描电镜、吸光率表征、玻纤单丝微脱粘测试以及碳纤维复丝拉伸性能测试等对织物中的碳纤维与玻璃纤维进行表征。研究结果表明,经过等离子处理后,混杂织物中的面层和芯材均受到等离子体刻蚀,纤维表面的官能团增多,纤维浸润性界面结合性能得到改善。同时,研究结果还表明,等离子处理碳/玻间隔织物的改性效果随着功率的增加是先增加后降低,在功率为150w的常压低温等离子处理的效果最佳。