改性PVA超滤膜的制备与性能研究

选用聚乙烯醇、水、乙酸、硫酸铁等为原料 ,用相转化法制备了亲水性超滤膜 .在一定范围内研究了各种不同浓度的膜液组成对超滤膜性能的影响 ,确定了较佳的铸膜液组成 (质量分数 )为 :8%PVA ,6 %乙酸 ,1 5 %～ 2 %硫酸铁 .用此铸膜液制备的超滤膜 ,在操作压力为0 30～ 0 4 5MPa下 ,处理浓度为 10 0 0mg·L- 1的O/W型乳化液 ,透液速率可达 4 3L/(m2 ·h)以上 ,其除油率可达 92 %以上 .研究还表明 ,PVA超滤膜中添加适量硫酸铁 ,可改善膜的结构和耐水性能 .     

两亲聚合物改性PVDF膜处理含油废水的研究

合成了一种两亲聚合物并共混到PVDF中,通过相转化法(L-S)制备改性PVDF平板膜,研究了改性膜在含油废水处理中的应用.通过对浓度为80～240mg/L含油水的膜分离实验表明,改性膜比纯PVDF膜的截留率和水通量都有显著提高.纯PVDF膜除油率最高达89.1％,而改性膜除油率最高达97.0％.衰减趋稳后,纯PVDF膜水通量在20 L/(m2·h)左右,而改性膜水通量稳定在50 L/(m2.h)左右.     

混合型乳化液膜对焦化废水中氨氮的处理

研究了Span-80、Tween-80和四氯化碳为主要原料制备的乳化液膜处理焦化废水,与以Span-80为单一表面活性剂制备的乳化液膜处理焦化废水进行比较.考察了乳化剂的类型、亲水-亲油平衡值、乳化剂用量、硫酸浓度等各种影响因素对氨氮去除率的影响,得出最佳条件:亲水-亲油平衡值(HLB)为5.19,乳化剂用量为0.8g,内相硫酸浓度为0.25mol/L,乳化液膜对于焦化废水中氨氮的去除率可达99.9%.同时,通过两种乳化液膜对焦化废水处理的比较说明,混合型乳化液膜对氨氮去除率要比单一型更好.     

煤基管状炭膜的制备及应用

以煤为原料,与粘结剂混合后经挤压成型、炭化制备煤基管状炭膜.通过选用不同的煤种及加入模板剂对煤基炭膜的孔结构进行调控,并将其用于C/C复合气体分离膜支撑体及处理钛白废水、含油废水.结果表明:以煤基管状炭膜为支撑体,分别以聚醚砜酮(PPESK)和聚糠醇(PFA)为前体,采用浸渍涂膜法制备的气体分离用C/C复合膜,在25℃时H2/N2,O2/N2,CO2/N2的分离系数分别为104.3,13.7,21.8及347.0,12.5,31.4.经煤基炭膜处理后,钛白废水渗透液中TiO2的浓度为0.04 mg/L,TiO2的截留率为99.99%;含油废水的除油率可达到97%以上,渗透液中含油量小于10 mg/L.     

基于含油废水处理的电催化膜反应器优化设计及性能研究

以负载纳米TiO2的电催化膜为阳极,辅助电极为阴极,构成电催化膜反应器用于含油废水处理.考察了电极间距、电解质浓度、电流密度、空时速率、pH和温度对电催化膜反应器降解效果即含油废水化学需氧量(COD)去除率的影响.根据单因素实验分析结果,采用响应面法对电极间距、电解质浓度、pH和温度四个参数进行优化,得出最佳参数为:电极间距43.1mm,电解质浓度14.3 g/L,pH=6.3,温度32.5℃.在电流密度0.312mA/cm2,空时速率15.8 h-1的条件下,电催化膜反应器处理200mg/L含油废水COD去除率为97.54％,能耗为0.75 kWh/m3.     

氧化石墨烯/聚偏氟乙烯杂化超滤膜处理乳化含油废水的研究

借助N-(三甲氧基硅丙基)乙二胺三乙酸钠(EDTS)对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行功能化,制备了EDTS-GO纳米复合物;XRD结果表明,经EDTS功能化后,GO片层之间规则的累积被破坏,形成了不同片层朝向的无序结构,减弱了片层之间的聚集.通过相转化法制备了EDTS-GO和GO改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜以及未改性的PVDF超滤膜,系统考察了EDTS-GO和GO对PVDF超滤膜孔隙率、表面亲水性等性能的影响.处理乳化含油废水的实验结果显示,EDTS-GO/PVDF膜通量及通量恢复率明显高于GO/PVDF膜和PVDF膜,这表明EDTS-GO改性的PVDF膜在处理乳化含油废水时,比GO改性的PVDF膜和纯PVDF膜具有更优异的性能.     

液膜法从金矿贫液中除氰及回收氰化钠的小型工业化试验

本文提出了一种用乳化液膜法处理金矿含氰废水的新工艺,建立了规模为日处理量10～20m~3的一套小型工业化试验的液膜装置。研究了传质的影响因素及操作参数对除氰和回收氰化钠的影响。经运转操作证明,用该工艺流程能有效地从锌粉置换后的含氰贫液中将氰化钠浓缩回收并可重复使用,同时,使排放液中的游离氰根离子浓度低于0.5mg/L,达到国家排放标准。整个过程,氰的去除率达99％以上,氰化钠的回收率高于90％。经三个月的运转操作进行了经济估算,证明液膜法较其它方法优越。     

用膜分相技术从含油乳化液中分离油

本实验研制了适合于油/水乳化液分离的硅胶橡微孔膜,并对其配方和成膜条件进行了实验确定。同时对油/水乳液分散体系进行了运转,考察了油/水分离过程中对透油速度的各种影响因素。实验结果表明,油/水乳化液中乳化剂的不同、乳化液种类、乳化剂浓度、油的含量、压力和温度都影响透油速度。在操作压力下运转,透过的油中含水量一般在60ppm 左右。     

膜技术处理含油废水的研究

介绍了膜技术在含油废水处理中的特点和应用前景,针对含油废水的性质,探讨了膜类型的选择、操作压差、膜面流速、操作温度、膜污染及清洗等因素对膜技术处理含油废水的影响.通常情况下,操作压力过大时,膜通量随压力变化较小,而低于该压力时,膜通量随操作压力的增大而提高;膜面流速和温度对膜通量的影响和操作压力的影响类似;膜经过合适的清洗可以基本恢复膜通量.还介绍了膜技术在油田含油废水处理中的实例和存在的问题,并进一步指出今后的发展方向是研究开发经济、高效的污水处理技术,尤其是膜技术和微生物法结合处理油田含油废水的技术.     

螺旋形中空纤维超滤膜处理高浓度废水时Dean旋流对膜污染阻力的削弱作用

根据DeaIl旋流原理.以洗毛废水为高浓度废水,用螺旋形中空纤维超滤膜研究透膜压差、膜面流速、料液浓度、Dean参数等对膜污染阻力的影响.结果表明:在50℃,透膜压差△P为80 kPa,膜面流速V为0.68 m/s,螺距6为5 mm,螺径dc为25 mm,处理水质为CODCr46 365 ng/L、羊毛脂12 g/L、pH=8.0、总固体浓度20 158 mg/L时,螺旋形膜透过液通量,是直形膜的1.6～1.96倍,阻力Rf比直形膜降低60%以上.在Dean参数的构成中,提高试验温度和减小螺距对膜污染阻力的削弱效果最为显著.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to     

Win-Win Cooperation

正The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang's recent trip to the UK has reinforced the China-UK comprehensive strategic partnership;just as the British Prime Minister David Cameron put it,"the relationship is gaining in strength,depth and understanding"after a bucket of business deals being inked worth more than 30 billion US dollars.From the first agreement signing in 2004 to the new agreement of mutual standards recognition and adoption in     

Systematic Approach for Emerging Industry

正A national directory of standards complexes for strategic emerging sectors was recently developed and released jointly by 12governmental departments,namely,SAC,NDRC,MOST,MIIT,MEP,MOA,AQSIQ,State Forest Administration,State Administration of Science and Technology for National Defense,State Oceanic Administration and National Railway Administration.     

Strictest Pollutants Emission Standards

正Four new national standards on air pollutant emission control offi cially issued by the Ministry of Environment Protection(MEP)together with AQSIQ and SAC has been brought into force from July 1,2014.The Emission standard for air pollutants of coal-burning,oil-burning and gasfi red boilers,which is the strictest emission standard historically,will tackle the stubborn pollution problem of boilers and waste incineration in most of China’s regions.     

Instructions to Authors

New Carbon Materials is a bimonthly journal published with the permission of the Ministry of Science and Technology and of the State News and Publication Agency.The journal is sponsored by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and is published by Science Press.Aims and Scope     

Progress on Standards Copyright Protection

正Recently,National Copyright Administration of China(NCAC)has rewarded 215 organizations and 179 individuals for their outstanding efforts on investigating standards copyright infringement and piracy in 2013.Hua Jianhua,the Deputy-Director of National Standards Copyright Protection Workgroup Office won a third prize of the national individual award.In 2012,SAC set up the national standards copyright protection working group,and developed policies to crack down standards infringement and piracy behaviors and to strengthen standards copyright protection.