Trace metals in cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Zusammenfassung Die Konzentration von Cadmium, Blei, Kupfer, Zink, Eisen, Mangan und Nickel wurde in den Muskelgeweben von 201 Kabeljaus (Gadus morhua), gefangen in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee 1983, bestimmt. Die Mcßmethode war Atomabsorptions-Spektrometrie. Die mittleren erhaltenen Werte für das Frischgewicht des Muskelgewebes betrugen: 0,005 mg/kg Cd, 0,086 mg/kg Pb, 0,15 mg/kg Cu, 3,9 mg/kg Zn, 3,7 mg/kg Fe, 0,21 mg/kg Mn und 0,081 mg/kg Ni. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den früher veröffentlichten Werten für Kabeljau und mit den anderer Autoren aus der Ostsee verglichen.Summary The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 201 cod (Gadus morhua) netted in 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of measurement was atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained related to wet weight (mg/kg) for cod muscle tissue were: 0.005 Cd, 0.086 Pb, 0.15 Cu, 3.9 Zn, 3.7 Fe, 0.21 Mn, and 0.081 Ni. The results are compared with values reported previously for cod from the Baltic Sea by other authors.[/p]

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Spurenelemente im Kabeljau aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1983

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Trace metals in cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 201 cod (Gadus morhua) netted in 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of measurement was atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained related to wet weight (mg/kg) for cod muscle tissue were: 0.005 Cd, 0.086 Pb, 0.15 Cu, 3.9 Zn, 3.7 Fe, 0.21 Mn, and 0.081 Ni. The results are compared with values reported previously for cod from the Baltic Sea by other authors.     

Trace metals in flatfish from the southern Baltic, 1983

The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 35 turbot Psetta maxima, 27 plaice Pleuronectes platessa and 103 flounders Platichthys flesus netted in 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of measurement was atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained for turbot, plaice and flounder were 0.012, 0.009 and 0.013 for cadmium, 0.16, 0.17 and 0.12 for lead, 0.15, 0.14 and 0.18 for copper, 5.0, 4.5 and 4.4 for zinc, 2.2, 1.9 and 3.4 for iron, 0.14, 0.087 and 0.14 for manganese, and 0.24, 0.19 and 0.14 for nickel (mg/kg wet weight), respectively. The contents of cadmium and lead in muscles of flatfish examined appear to be generally low and poses no threat for human consumption.     

Trace metals in herring from the southern Baltic, 1983

The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 187 herring (Clupea harengus) netted in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of measurement was atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained related to wet weight (mg/kg) for herring muscle tissue were: 0.009 Cd, 0.079 Pb, 0.49 Cu, 9.2 Zn, 9.9 Fe, 0.19 Mn and 0.10 Ni. Some differences in the concentration of particular trace metals between herring stocks sampled have been observed. The mean content of cadmium and lead in muscles of herring examined were below recommended tolerance levels of 0.05-2.0 and 0.5-2.0 mg/kg, respectively. A small number of herring contained cadmium in their muscles at a concentration above 0.05 mg/kg. The results are compared with values reported previously for Baltic herring by other authors.     

Trace metals in herring from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 187 herring (Clupea harengus) netted in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of measurement was atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained related to wet weight (mg/kg) for herring muscle tissue were: 0.009 Cd, 0.079 Pb, 0.49 Cu, 9.2 Zn, 9.9 Fe, 0.19 Mn and 0.10 Ni. Some differences in the concentration of particular trace metals between herring stocks sampled have been observed. The mean content of cadmium and lead in muscles of herring examined were below recommended tolerance levels of 0.05–2.0 and 0.5–2.0 mg/kg, respectively. A small number of herring contained cadmium in their muscles at a concentration above 0.05 mg/kg. The results are compared with values reported previously for Baltic herring by other authors.

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Spurenelemente im Hering aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1983

Zusammenfasung Die Konzentrationen von Cadmium, Blei, Kupfer, Zink, Eisen, Mangan und Nickel wurden in den Geweben von 187 Heringen (Clupea harengus), in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee mit Netz gefangen, bestimmt. Als Meßmethode wurde die Atomabsorptions-Spektrometrie verwendet. Die mittleren Werte, bezogen auf das Frischgewicht, waren: 0,009 mg/kg Cd, 0,079 mg/kg Pb, 0,49 mg/kg Cu, 9,2 mg/kg Zn, 9,9 mg/kg Fe, 0,19 mg/kg Mn und 0,10 mg/kg Ni. Es wurden Differenzen in der Konzentration der Spurenelemente, zu denen aus verschiedener Herkunft gesammelten, beobachtet. Der mittlere Gehalt von Cadmium und Blei lag unter den empfohlenen Toleranzen von 0,05–2,0 mg/kg und 0,5–2,0 mg/kg. Eine kleine Zahl der Heringe enthielt Cadmium in Konzentrationen über 0,05 mg/kg. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den vorangegangenen und denen anderer Autoren verglichen.

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sprats from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (sigma DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 214 sprats (Sprattus sprattus) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for sprats muscle tissue related to wet weight were: 17 micrograms HCB/kg, 33 micrograms alpha-BHC/kg, 52 micrograms beta-BHC/kg, 33 micrograms gamma-BHC/kg, delta-BHC remained undetected, 120 micrograms sigma BHC/kg, 110 micrograms p,p'-DDE/kg, o,p'-DDD remained undetected, o,p'-DDT was detected in 2 of 214 samples at the mean level 24 micrograms/kg, 94 micrograms p,p'-DDD/kg, 115 micrograms p,p'-DDT/kg, 320 micrograms sigma DDT/kg and 800 micrograms PCB/kg. The levels of organochlorine pesticides reported are two to three times higher than those reported for wet muscles of sprats sampled in the same area two years before, whilst for PCB the levels differ slightly. When based on light-petroleum extractable lipids, the corresponding levels of organochlorine pesticides were also higher and for PCB the residue levels dropped. The results are compared with levels found in sprats collected in a different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1969-1983, and reported previously by other authors.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sprats from the southern Baltic, 1981

102 samples of the muscle tissue of sprat netted in 1981 in the southern part of the Baltic Sea were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its analogues (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and isomers of benzenehexachloride (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-BHC). The mean values obtained related to wet weight for sprat muscle meat were: 6.4 micrograms HCB/kg, 11 micrograms alpha-BHC/kg, 20 micrograms gamma-BHC/kg, 33 micrograms p,p'-DDE/kg, 42 micrograms p,p'-DDD/kg, 31 micrograms p,p'-DDT/kg, 110 micrograms sigma DDT/kg and 670 micrograms PCB/kg; beta-BHC was detectable in trace amounts and delta-BHC was undetected. The results are compared with values reported previously by other authors.     

Trace metals in muscle tissue of fish taken from the southern Baltic

The determination of Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Co, Zn and Cd was investigated on 123 samples of muscle tissue of cod, herring, sprat and some other species of fish caught in 1981 in the southern Baltic Sea. The ranges and mean levels of metals recorded in this paper are compared with values reported previously by other authors for cod, herring and sprat from different regions of the Baltic Sea. The correlation coefficients between the metal concentrations in cod and herring muscles were calculated. The species-dependent changes of some metals in species analysed were observed.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in flatfish from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary Hexachlorobenzene (HCB),-,-,- and-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,o,p-DDD andp,p-DDT ( DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 37 turbotsPsetta maxima, 27 plaicesPleuronectes platessa and 106 floundersPlatichthys flesus netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for flatfish muscle tissue related to wet weight were: 0.7, 0.88 and 1.1 g/kg HCB; 1.3, 2.6 and 3.0 g/kg-BHC; 11, 10 and 11 g/kg-BHC; 4.4, 4.9 and 5.5 g/kg-BHC;-BHC remained undetected; 17, 18 and 20 g/kg BHC; 5.1, 5.2 and 8.7 g/kg p,p-DDE; o,p-DDD remained undetected; o,p-DDT was detected in 10 of 106 samples of the muscle tissue of flounder at the mean level of 17 g/kg; 4.6, 5.0 and 7.6 g/kgp,p-DDD; 3.1, 4.0 and 11 g/kgp,p-DDT; 13, 14 and 29 g/kg DDT and 71, 66 and 94 g/kg PCBs for turbot, plaice and flounder, respectively. Generally, the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in wet muscle tissue of fish followed the increased lipids content of muscles. Some local differences in pollution pattern of organochlorines have occurred. The results are compared with levels found in flatfish collected in a different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1966–1981, and reported previously by other authors.

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Organochlorpesticide und polychlorierte Biphenyle in Plattfischen aus der südlichen Ostsee,1983

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt von Hexachlorbenzol (HCB)-,-,- and-Benzolhexachlorid (BHC; HCH), p,p-DDE, o,p-DDD, o,p-DDT, p,p-DDD und p,p-DDT ( DDT) und polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) wurde in Muskelgewebe von 37 SteinbuttsPsetta maxima, 27 SchollenPleuronectes platessa und 106 FlundernPlatichthys flesus bestimmt, die 1983 in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee mit Netz gefangen wurden. Der mittlere Gehalt für obige Plattfische, bezogen auf das Naßgewicht, betrug: 0,7, 0,88 und 1.1 g/kg HCB; 1,3, 2,6 und 3,0 g/kg-BHC; 11, 10 and ll /kg-BHC; 4,4, 4,9 and 5,5 g/kg-BHC; -BHC blieb unentdeckt; 17, 18 and 20 g/kg BHC; 5,1, 5,2 und 8,7 g/kg p,p-DDE; o,p-DDD blieb unentdeckt; o,p-DDT konnte in 10 von 106 Proben von Flundern mit einem mittleren Gehalt von 17 g/kg nachgewiesen werden; 4,6, 5,0 und 7,6 g/kg p,p-DDD; 3,1, 4;0 and 11 g/kg p,p-DDT; 13,14 und 29 g/kg DDT and 71, 66 and g/kg PCB waren die Werte für Steinbutt, Schollen and Flunder.

     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), -, -, - and -benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD and p,p-DDT (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 207 cod (Gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for cod muscle tissue (g/kg) related to wet weight were: 0.65 HCB, 1.2 -BHC, 9.0 -BHC, 2.8 -BHC, -BHC remained undetected, 13 BHC, 4.4p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD ando,p-DDT remained undetected, 4.0p,p-DDD, 1.8p,p-DDT, 10 DDT and 55 PCBs. The results are compared with levels found in cod caught in different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1967–1983, and reported previously by other authors.

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Organochlorpesticide und polychlorierte Biphenyle in Kabeljau aus der südlichen Ostsee,1983

Zusammenfassung Die Werte für Hexachlorbenzol (HCB), -, , -, und -Benzolhexachlorid (BHC; HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD undp,pDDT (DDT) und polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) wurden im Muskelgewebe von 207 Kabeljaus (Gadus morhua), mit Netz in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee 1983 gefangen, bestimmt. Die mittleren Werte, bezogen auf das Frischgewicht, waren: 0,65 g/kg HCB, 1,2 g/kg -BHC, 9,0 g/kg -BHC, 2,8 g/kg -BCH, -BHC blieben unbestimmt, 13 g/kg BHC, 4,4 g/kgp,p-DDE,o,p-DDD undo,p-DDT blieben unbestimmt, 4,0p,p-DDD, 1,8p,p-DDT, 10 g/kg DDT und 55 g/kg PCB. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Werten früherer Jahre von 1967–1983 und mit denen anderer Autoren verglichen.

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in herring from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC, HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (sigma DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 187 herring (Clupea harengus) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for herring muscle tissue related to wet weight (microgram/kg) were: 14 HCB, 18 alpha-BHC, 23 beta-BHC, 14 gamma-BHC, delta-BHC remained undetected, 56 sigma BHC, 115 p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT remained undetected, 84 p,p'-DDD, 51 p,p'-DDT, 250 sigma DDT and 530 PCB. The levels of organochlorine pesticides determined in wet muscles or extractable lipids of herring are nearly 2-3 times as high as those noted in fish sampled in the same area in two years before, whilst for PCBs the wet weight levels were comparable, and when based on a lipid weight are somewhat higher. The results are compared with levels found in herring collected in different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1965-1983, and reported previously by other authors.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in flatfish from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (espilon DDT) and polychlorinated biphenlys (PCBs) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 37 turbots Psetta maxima, 27 plaices Pleuronectes platessa and 106 flounders Platichthys flesus netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for flatfish muscle tissue related to wet weight were: 0.7, 0.88 and 1.1 microgram/kg HCB; 1.3, 2.6 and 3.0 micrograms/kg alpha-BHC; 11, 10 and 11 micrograms/kg beta-BHC; 4.4, 4.9 and 5.5 micrograms/kg gamma-BHC; delta-BHC remained undetected; 17, 18 and 20 micrograms/kg epsilon BHC; 5.1, 5.2 and 8.7 micrograms/kg p,p'-DDE; o,p'-DDD remained undetected; o,p'-DDT was detected in 10 of 106 samples of the muscle tissue of flounder at the mean level of 17 micrograms/kg; 4.6, 5.0 and 7.6 micrograms/kg p,p'-DDD; 3.1, 4.0 and 11 micrograms/kg p,p'-DDT; 13, 14 and 29 micrograms/kg epsilon DDT and 71, 66 and 94 micrograms/kg PCBs for turbot, plaice and flounder, respectively. Generally, the levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in wet muscle tissue of fish followed the increased lipids content of muscles. Some local differences in pollution pattern of organochlorines have occurred. The results are compared with levels found in flatfish collected in a different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1966-1981, and reported previously by other authors.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (sigma DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 207 cod (Gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for cod muscle tissue (microgram/kg) related to wet weight were: 0.65 HCB, 1.2 alpha-BHC, 9.0 beta-BHC, 2.8 gamma-BHC, delta-BHC remained undetected, 13 sigma BHC, 4.4 p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT remained undetected, 4.0 p,p'-DDD, 1.8 p,p'-DDT, 10 sigma DDT and 55 PCBs. The results are compared with levels found in cod caught in different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1967-1983, and reported previously by other authors.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in herring from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), -, -, - and -benzenehexachloride (BHC, HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD andp,p-DDT (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in muscle tissue of 187 herring (Clupea harengus) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for herring muscle tissue related to wet weight (g/kg) were: 14 HCB, 18 -BHC, 23 -BHC, 14 -BHC, -BHC remained undetected, 56 BHC, 115p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD ando,p-DDT remained undetected, 84p,p-DDD, 51p,p-DDT, 250 DDT and 530 PCB. The levels of organochlorine pesticides determined in wet muscles or extractable lipids of her ring are nearly 2–3 times as high as those noted in fish sampled in the same area in two years before, whilst for PCBs the wet weight levels were comparable, and when based on a lipid weight are somewhat higher. The results are compared with levels found in herring collected in different regions of the Baltic Sea during 1965–1983, and reported previously by other authors.

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Organochlorpesticide und polychlorierte Biphenyle in Hering aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1983

Zusammenfassung Hexachlorbenzol (HCB), -, -, -und -Benzolhexachlorid (BHC, HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD undp,p-DDT (DDT) und polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) wurde im Muskelgewebe von 187 Heringen (Clupea harengus) 1983 in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee mit Netz gefangen, bestimmt. Die mittleren gefundenen Mengen für das Muskelgewebe von Heringen, bezogen auf das Frischgewicht waren: 14 g/kg HCB, 18 g/kg -BHC, 23 g/kg -BHC, 14 g/kg -BHC, -BHC blieb unentdeckt, 56 g/kg -BHC, 115 g/kg p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD undo,p-DDT blieb unentdeckt, 84 gmg/kgp,p-DDD, 51 g/kgp,p-DDT, 250 g/kg -DDT und 530 gmg/kg PCB. Die Mengen für Organo-chlorpesticide in frischen Muscheln oder in den extrahierten Lipiden waren zwei- bis dreimal höher als die in den Jahren zuvor bestimmten, während die für PCB vergleichbar gewesen sind, und wenn sie auf die Fettmenge bezogen wurden, lagen sie etwas höher. Die Ergebnisse wurden verglichen mit den gefundenen in anderen Regionen der Ostsee während der Jahre 1965–1983 und mit denen anderer Autoren.

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in livers of cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), -, -, - and -benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH),p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD andp,p-DDT (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in livers of 210 cod (Gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for cod livers related to wet weight (mg/kg) were: 0.096 HCB, 0.15 -BHC, -BHC was found in trace amounts, 0.098 -BHC, -BHC remained undetected, 0.26 BHC, 1.1p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD ando,p-DDT remained undetected, 1.1p,p-DDD, 0.39p,p-DDT, 2.6 DDT and 7.2 PCB. The levels of DDT, BHC and HCB found are comparable with those noted in livers taken from cod of the same length class and netted in 1981, whilst-for PCB somewhat lower levels were found. Because of heavy contamination with PCBs, DDT, BHC and HCB the livers of cod caught in Baltic Sea still remain insuitable for human consumption.

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Organochlorpesticide und polychlorierte Biphenyle in der Kabeljauleber aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1983

Zusammenfassung Hexachlorbenzol (HCB), -, -, -und -Benzolhexachlorid (BHC; HCH), p,p,p-DDE,o,p-DDD,o,p-DDT,p,p-DDD undp,p-DDT (DDT) und polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB) wurde in der Leber von 210 Kabeljaus (Gadus morhua), im Netz 1983 in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee gefangen, bestimmt. Die mittleren gefundenen Werte für die Kabeljauleber, bezogen auf das Frischgewicht, betrugen: 0.096 mg/kg HCB, 0,15 mg/kg -BHC, -BHC wurden in Spurenmengen gefunden, 0.098 mg/kg -BHC, -BHC blieb unentdeckt, 0,26 mg/kg BHC, 1,1 mg/kgp,p-DDE,o,p-DDD undo,p-DDT blieb unentdeckt, 1,1 mg/kgp,p-DDD, 0,39 mg/kgp,p-DDT, 2,6 mg/kg DDT und 7,2 mg/kg PCB. Die gefundenen Mengen von DDT, BHC und HCB sind mit denen in der Kabeljauleber der Werte von 1981 vergleichbar, während die für PCB etwas niedriger gefunden wurde. Die schwere Kontamination mit PCB, DDT, BHC und HCB in der Leber, der in der Ostsee gefangenen Kabeljaus, läßt einen Verzehr für den Menschen nicht zu.

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in livers of cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-benzenehexachloride (BHC; HCH), p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT (sigma DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) levels have been determined in livers of 210 cod (Gadus morhua) netted during 1983 in a different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The mean levels found for cod livers related to wet weight (mg/kg) were: 0.096 HCB, 0.15 alpha-BHC, beta-BHC was found in trace amounts, 0.098 gamma-BHC, delta-BHC remained undetected, 0.26 sigma BHC, 1.1 p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT remained undetected, 1.1 p,p'-DDD, 0.39 p,p'-DDT, 2.6 sigma DDT and 7.2 PCB. The levels of sigma DDT, sigma BHC and HCB found are comparable with those noted in livers taken from cod of the same length class and netted in 1981, whilst-for PCB somewhat lower levels were found. Because of heavy contamination with PCBs, sigma DDT, sigma BHC and HCB the livers of cod caught in Baltic Sea still remain insuitable for human consumption.     

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in smoked Atlantic mackerel and Baltic sprats

Atlantic mackerel and Baltic sprats are rich sources of n − 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA). Literature data point to an influence of the properties of the raw material, storage conditions, and processing parameters of hot- and cold-smoking on the stability of these acids. The effects of industrial smoking in an automatic smokehouse in controlled, mild conditions at core temperature below 60 °C, as well as of cold storage, on the fatty acids (FA) in mackerel and sprats have been investigated. The FA were determined by gas chromatography (GC) according to the AOCS Ce 1b-89 method, in lipids extracted from the meat of several batches of defrosted and smoked fish early after smoking and during storage at 2 °C for up to 2 weeks. The contents of eicosapentaenoic acid C20:5 n − 3 (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid C22:6 n − 3 (DHA) in different assortments of smoked mackerel meat were from 50 to 55 and from 67 to 100 mg/g of lipids, respectively while, in hot-smoked sprats, they were from 48 to 68 and from 73 to 128 mg/g of lipids. The results show that the variability of the FA composition of the frozen raw material was larger than the changes induced by smoking or by storage within the period of high quality life of the smoked product.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in cod from the southern Baltic, 1981

98 samples of muscle tissue of cod ranging form 51 to 60 cm in total length and netted in 1981 in the southern part of the Baltic Sea were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and isomers of benzenehexachloride (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-BHC). Mean values obtained related to wet weight for cod muscle tissue were: 0.77 micrograms kg/HCB, 0.71 micrograms kg/alpha-BHC, 3.8 micrograms kg/gamma-BHC, 5.2 micrograms kg/p,p'-DDe, 2.6 micrograms kg/p,p'-DDD, 2.6 micrograms kg/p,p'-DDT, 10 micrograms kg/sigma DDT and 180 micrograms kg/PCB; beta-BHC was detectable in trace amounts and delta-BHC was undetected. Generally residue levels of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs found in the muscles were low, and substantial decrease of sigma DDT and less of PCB levels in recent years when compared with data noted in 1969-1970 and 1972-1974 is noticeable.     

Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in livers of cod from the southern Baltic, 1981

Summary 471 samples of livers of cod netted in July 1981 in seven fishing grounds in the southern part of the Baltic were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and isomers of benzene-hexachloride (-,-, - and -BHC). Polychlorinated biphenyls resembling Chlopten A 60 were the predominating pollutants and their level ranged from trace amounts to 79 mg/kg. In the individual wet cod livers DDT level ranged from 0.22 to 15 mg/kg. -BHC, -BHC and HCB levels ranged from not detectable levels to 0.29, 1.1 and 0.42 mg/kg, respectively.-BHC was detectable in most of the samples in trace amounts and -BHC was undetected.The levels of HCB, DDT and analogues and PCBs in the cod livers correlated with the length of the fish. The residue levels of DDT in cod livers declined. The larger cod contained in their livers substantial levels of PCBs, and also of DDT. However some local differences in pollution pattern were observed. The livers of cod from the Southern Baltic are relatively highly contaminated with these substances and the use of these products for human consumption is still questionable.

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Organochlor-pesticide und Polychlorierte Biphenyle in Dorschleber aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1981

Zusammenfassung 471 Proben von Dorschleber, Juli 1981 in 7 Fischgründen der südlichen Ostsee gefangen, wurden auf Polychlorierte Biphenyle (PCB), DDT und seine Analoge (DDE und DDD), Hexachlorbenzol (HCB) und die Isomere von Benzolhexachlorid (-,-, - und -BHC) untersucht. Polychlorierte Biphenyle, dem Chlophen A 60 ähnlich, waren die vorherrschenden Verunreinigungen und ihre Mengen reichten von Spuren bis zu 79 mg/kg, in der einzelnen Dorschleber wurden Gesamt-DDT von 0,22 bis 15 mg/kg gefunden. - und -BHC und HCB wurde von nicht nachweisbaren Mengen bis zu 0,29, 1,1 und 0,42 mg/kg gefunden.-BHC konnte in den meisten Proben nur in Spuren und -BHC überhaupt nicht nachgewiesen werden.Die Mengen an HCB, DDT und Analoge und PCB in der Dorschleber korrelierten mit der Länge des Fisches. Die Rückstandsmengen an Gesamt-DDT in Dorschleber nahmen ab. Die größeren Dorsche enthielten in ihrer Leber beträchtliche Mengen an PCB und ebenso Gesamt-DDT, jedoch wurden lokale Unterschiede in den Rückstandswerten beobachtet. Die Leber des Dorsches aus der südlichen Ostsee ist relativ hoch mit diesen Substanzen konstaminiert und die Verwendung dieses Produktes ist für den menschlichen Verzehr noch bedenklich.

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Financial support under grant PR-4 (7.1/1)