异种脱细胞真皮复合自体皮移植治疗功能部位烧伤的临床分析

目的探讨异种脱细胞真皮复合自体皮治疗功能部位深度烧伤的应用及疗效。方法 42例深度烧伤患者采用切削痂术处理创面,并进行消毒。覆盖自体微粒皮与大张异种脱细胞真皮,最后用石膏托固定。结果本组42例患者中全部植皮成功,植皮成活率为100%,随访18～24个月,42例患者植皮修复术后外观和质地基本接近正常皮肤。瘢痕增生不明显,关节活动无明显受限。结论异种脱细胞真皮是深度烧伤创面良好修复材料,较异体脱细胞真皮来源广,成本低,适合大范围临床推广。     

J-1型异种脱细胞真皮和自体薄皮片复合移植在深度烧伤创面中的临床应用

目的：探讨J-1型异种脱细胞真皮和自体薄皮片复合移植在深度烧伤创面中的临床应用效果。方法选取2010年1月～2014年1月本院收治的应用J-1型异种脱细胞真皮和自体薄皮片复合移植修复深度烧伤创面的30例患者为观察组,另选择应用自体断层皮片修复深度创面的20例患者为对照组,观察比较两组的创面植皮存活率、术后6个月植皮皮肤色泽、皮肤厚度、血管分布情况、柔软度、瘢痕生长情况、功能部位活动情况,并用温哥华瘢痕评分量表（VSS）进行评分。数据采用SPSS 14.0统计学软件进行分析。结果观察组创面植皮存活率为（95±5）%,术后6个月植皮皮肤色泽评分为（1.64±0.38）分、厚度为（2.13±0.44）分、血管分布为（1.75±0.46）分、柔软度为（2.78±0.53）分,瘢痕增生不明显,功能部位活动正常。对照组创面植皮存活率为（74±7）%,术后6个月植皮皮肤色泽评分为（2.57±0.35）分、厚度为（2.92±0.48）分、血管分布为（2.69±0.56）分、柔软度为（4.36±0.68）分,瘢痕增生明显,3例患者功能部位活动受限。两组患者皮片存活率、VSS评分（色泽、厚度、血管分布、柔软度）差异有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.01）。结论异种脱细胞真皮和自体薄皮片复合移植既可解决患者自体皮源不足的问题,促进创面愈合,最大限度恢复患者皮肤的外观及功能,又能解决中厚皮或全厚皮供区遗留瘢痕的问题,值得进一步临床推广。     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质在小儿Ⅱ度烧伤创面中的应用

目的探讨应用异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质一次包扎治疗小儿Ⅱ度烧伤的临床效果。方法回顾分析本科收治的患儿90例。烧伤面积7%～38%TBSA,烧伤深度为浅Ⅱ度和深Ⅱ。所有烧伤病例随机分两组,基质组采用异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质一次包扎治疗,对照组采用传统的包扎疗法。比较两组的创面愈合时间和创面感染率。结果基质组的创面愈合时间和感染率明显低于对照组。结论采用异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质一次包扎治疗小儿Ⅱ度烧伤,既能有效防止创面加深,缩短创面愈合时间,又能减轻患儿痛苦,降低感染率。     

异种脱细胞真皮基质联合高能红光治疗84例难愈性创面的临床研究

目的观察异种脱细胞真皮基质高能红光治疗各种复杂性难愈性创面的临床疗效。方法选择我院显微外科2011年6月至2012年6月各种复杂性难愈性创面经常规治疗未见效的住院患者84例：其中包括烧伤后残余创面、血管疾病所致溃疡、糖尿病所致溃疡、撕脱伤创面、慢性骨髓炎等各种慢性创面,随机分为A、B、C、D四组,每组21例患者,A组患者应用异种脱细胞真皮基质联合高能红光治疗,B组单纯异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖治疗,C组单纯应用高能红光照射治疗,D组常规应用生理盐水、油砂覆盖,每例患者选取3cm×3cm创面做为观察区域,分别观察四组创面的生长情况。结果 A、B、C、D四组肉芽创面愈合时间分别为（15.23±2.23）d、（23.12±2.51）d、（25.12±2.71）d、（30.12±2.88）d,A组创面愈合时间较其他三组明显缩短,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论异种脱细胞真皮基质作为创面覆盖物,能有效地保护创面,促进创面血管化形成,同时应用高能红光照射可减少创面渗出,缓解创面疼痛,消炎、止痒、为创面血管机化,肉芽生长提供一个良好的条件,联合治疗可大大缩短愈合周期。     

异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质敷料在门诊烧伤患者中的应用

目的探讨应用异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质包扎治疗门诊小面积烧伤患者的可行性。方法2006年11月至2012年11月门诊收治的63例小面积烧伤患者分别应用异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质治疗和传统聚维酮碘乳膏纱布换药治疗,根据烧伤的深浅和处理方法的不同分成四组：真皮基质治疗浅Ⅱ°组（13例）、聚维酮碘乳膏治疗浅Ⅱ°组（17例）、真皮基质治疗深Ⅱ°组（19例）、聚维酮碘乳膏治疗深Ⅱ°组（14例）。观察创面愈合时间、换药次数、创面疼痛情况、患者依从性等。结果真皮基质治疗小面积浅Ⅱ°创面,创面平均愈合时间为（6．23±2．21）天,真皮基质治疗小面积深Ⅱ°创面,创面平均愈合时间为（12．46±3．57）天;聚维酮碘乳膏治疗小面积浅Ⅱ°创面,创面平均愈合时间为（8．37±4．39）天,聚维酮碘乳膏治疗小面积深Ⅱ°创面,创面平均愈合时间为（15．45±6．32）天。真皮基质治疗小面积浅Ⅱ°创面,平均换药次数为（3．34±1．45）,真皮基质治疗小面积深Ⅱ°创面,平均换药次数为（3．69±2．48）;聚维酮碘乳膏治疗小面积浅Ⅱ°创面,平均换药次数为（6．67±3．72）,聚维酮碘乳膏治疗小面积深Ⅱo创面,平均换药次数为（8．54±6．21）。结论真皮基质能够有效促进创面愈合,减少换药次数,适合门诊应用。     

脱细胞异种(猪)真皮早期覆盖治疗Ⅱ度烧伤创面的临床研究

目的探究脱细胞异种(猪)真皮早期覆盖治疗Ⅱ度烧伤创面的临床疗效。方法选取自2011年5月至2012年6月在我院进行治疗的Ⅱ度烧伤患者,对其中50例进行临床研究。随机分为对照组和观察组,每组25例患者。观察组是在烧伤后6h内进行清创,然后用脱细胞异种(猪)真皮进行早期覆盖、封闭创面、包扎、中间不换药;对照组为烧伤后6h内常规清创,然后用湿润烧伤膏纱布覆盖创面,给予湿润包扎,余创面暴露疗法,覆盖创面未给予其他特殊药物治疗。比较两组患者创面愈合时间、创面细菌发生率以及创面愈合满意度的差异。结果观察组浅Ⅱ度烧伤创面的愈合时间为(7.9±1.4)d、深Ⅱ度偏浅创面的愈合时间为(15.6±2.5)d,均快于对照组的(12.4±2.1)d及(18.1±2.7)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组创面细菌发生率为8.0%,对照组为32.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的创面愈合满意度明显好于对照组(P<0.05)。结论脱细胞异种(猪)真皮早期覆盖治疗Ⅱ度烧伤创面的疗效,安全可靠,操作方法简便,具有临床推广应用价值。     

脱细胞异体真皮加自体表皮复合移植20例

脱细胞真皮是将异体或异种真皮中的细胞去除,保留了细胞外基质,降低了抗原性,脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮细胞复合移植,两者之间连接紧密,形成完整的表皮真皮复合组织,国内外已广泛应用于烧伤整形创面的覆盖、软组织填充等领域。我科应用脱细胞异体真皮加自体表皮复合移植20例,均获得成功,修复了创面并取得了满意的整形美容效果,现报告如下。     

异种脱细胞真皮基质在供皮区创面的应用观察

目的探讨供皮区创面应用异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质修复的临床效果。方法应用异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质治疗48处供皮区创面（治疗组）,与同期应用凡士林油纱布治疗的48处供皮区创面（对照组）比较,观察供皮区创面愈合时间和愈合质量。结果异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质治疗供皮区创面愈合时间[（10．5±3．1）d]较对照组[（17．2±5．2）d]平均提前3．8 d（P＜0．01）。结论异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质可加快供皮区创面愈合。     

磨痂加异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖术的临床应用

目的观察早期磨痂加异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖术在颜面部深Ⅱ度烧伤创面上的应用效果。方法48例颜面部创面于伤后1～3d内,消毒钢丝球和电动磨削机磨去创面坏死组织,用异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖。结果创面愈合时间为12-21d,平均17d。经12个月随访观察,45例肤色正常。弹性好,无疤痕,2例出现花斑样色素沉着,1例轻度疤痕增生。结论早期磨痂清除创面坏死组织能最大限度的保护有生机的组织,脱细胞真皮基质无抗原性,透气性能良好,既不会导致局部积液又能营造局部微湿环境,有利于创面愈合,是较理想的创面覆盖物。     

复合植皮治疗功能部位烧伤感染创面

为功能部位深度烧伤感染创面寻找良好的覆盖材料,挽救功能,减少畸形和疤痕增生。我科于2001年6月至2003年4月间,在大面积烧伤的功能部位深度感染创面进行清创处理后应用异体脱细胞真皮 自体薄皮片复合植皮修复创面共治疗12例29处功能部位,临床应用表明能有效地挽救功能,防止瘢痕增生,预防畸形,移植皮肤生长柔软,有弹性,利于功能部位深度烧伤创面修复,防止瘢痕增生、畸形、功能障碍难题。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.