河岸带植被对河流生态功能影响研究进展

综述了河岸带植被的遮荫作用,廊道效应,截污效应,及外来生物入侵等对河流生态功能影响的相关研究成果。结果表明,河岸带植被的遮荫可以影响河水的化学过程和生物过程;河岸带植被在地域景观中还起着重要的廊道功能,对生物多样性保护有重要意义;河岸带植被对于控制面源污染,过滤污染物,保护水质起着缓冲作用。外来生物入侵对河岸带植被生态功能造成了较大的负面影响,消除河岸带中入侵生物的不利影响,恢复河岸带植被是一项刻不容缓的任务。     

河岸带落叶松林土壤氮素空间格局研究

通过对庞泉沟河岸带落叶松林的土壤氮素空间格局进行分析,了解河岸带全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮的储量以及氮素的空间格局,为河岸带对河流氮素的净化研究提供基础数据。结果表明：1）土壤表层氮素含量较高,土壤中全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮空间异质性明显,并且氮素在土壤层之间、高地连续体上存在不规则的垂直格局和水平格局。2）在高地连续体上,河岸带土壤全氮与硝态氮呈显著正相关（r=0.613）,全氮与铵态氮呈正相关（r=0.114）,全氮与与河岸带宽度呈负相关（r=-0.075）,铵态氮与硝态氮呈负相关（r=-0.004）。土壤氮素格局受多因素影响,氮素的形态与含量主要受地形、林分、降水以及土壤理化性质等因素的综合影响。     

不同植被恢复模式对生物多样性及土壤有机质的影响

在陶瓷工业集中重酸污染区,设计不同空间配置格局"乔灌草、灌草、草本"三种植被恢复模式,研究分析不同植被恢复模式对提高生物多样性和改良土壤有机质的效应,试验结果表明,乔木、灌木和草本植物的合理配置格局,无论在增加地被覆盖、促进土壤动物类群的发展,还是在改善土壤质量方面都优于灌木-草本群落和草本群落。       

河岸带边界界定中的关键问题

针对河岸带研究、保护、恢复和管理中的河岸带边界的界定问题,从定义、尺度、方法和标准等方面进行了系统的总结。介绍了植被分析法、土壤分析法、景观分析法3种常用的界定方法。以地形特征为依据,详细论述了利用景观生态学分析法界定河岸带边界的步骤。这样有助于在流域或生态区尺度上准确把握河岸带边界问题。     

浑河上游不同植被类型河岸带土壤物理性质分析

利用环刀法对浑河上游珍珠梅灌丛、落叶松纯林、杂木林3种不同植被类型河岸带土壤物理性质进行分析,其结果表明,珍珠梅灌丛、落叶松纯林、杂木林3种河岸带类型中,杂木林河岸带下的土壤,不论是表层土壤还是下层土壤,都有较低的土壤容重、较高的持水量,同样地标径流条件下,能吸附相对多的泥沙和养分污染物。同一类型河岸带内距溪流边缘越近,其土壤持水量高;同一类型河岸带表层和底层土壤物理性质总体差异不显著。     

神农架地区珍稀植物沿河岸带的分布格局(英文)

在神农架香溪河流域内不同海拔高度沿河岸带共设置42个与河岸方向相同的10 m宽、100 m长样带进行植被调查,发现河岸带分布有珍稀保护植物14种,占神农架地区珍稀植物总数的42.4%,这些珍稀植物主要分布在1200～1800 m山地常绿阔叶林、落叶阔叶混交林带,表明在神农架地区植物群落的物种多样性在中等海拔高度上最大。TWINSPAN分类可把14种珍稀物种可划分为低海拔、中等海拔和较高海拔种组3组,DCA排序也使14种珍稀物种在反映海拔梯度的第一轴可以得到很好的展示。本文还对河岸带珍稀植物分布格局的成因进行了探讨,明确指出应重视河岸带在珍稀物种保护方面的重要作用。图3表1参9。     

株洲市城市植被景观多样性景观生态分析

在分析株洲市城市植被景观现状的基础上,应用景观生态学原理,结合具体情况和考虑研究的可操作性,选取多样性指数、优势度、分离度和破碎度4个指标,从景观的类型多样性、格局多样性和斑块多样性3个方面,对株洲市城市植被景观进行多样性分析。结果表明,随着频繁的人类活动,城市植被景观类型多样性降低,景观类型趋于单一;景观斑块多样性增大,嵌块体形状更趋复杂;景观格局复杂化,结构不稳定性提高,自我组织调节、修复能力削弱。对株洲城市绿地景观的改善提出若干建议。     

河岸带景观生态研究进展

随着社会经济的发展,回归自然、亲水、景观与文化等新理念不断涌现,以生态学为基础,追求人与自然和谐发展的生态河岸带景观研究成为国内外研究的热点。笔者从河岸带景观的重要性入手,研究了河岸带的概念和内涵,分析了其结构特征和功能,综述了当前生态河岸带在缓冲区宽度、植被变化、生态重建和生态护岸及其景观效果等方面的研究进展,并提出了优化河岸带植被结构,改良配置模式和强化生态重建效能等建设思路。     

基于植被覆盖的重庆市生态城市建设研究

利用1988年、2007年Landsat5TM和2000年SPOT2影像。以Erdas和ArcGIS软件为主要工具,对重庆市植被覆盖变化进行研究。首先提取重庆市的NDVI,在利用等密度模型将植被指数转化为植被覆盖度,并按照相关标准进一步划分为植被覆盖等级结构。其次从面积和植被覆盖景观格局指数中的区域多样性指数、优势度和均匀度等方面进行植被覆盖变化的空间格局分析。最后提出了生态重庆建设的几点建议。     

河岸带植被群落物种组成及多样性分布特征

河岸带作为水陆生态系统之间的生态过渡区，具有独特的生态作用与服务功能；其生态系统内部植物群落物种组成及植物多样性的变化会对河岸带空间结构的维持与生态功能的发挥造成影响，进而在一定程度上控制着流域生态环境的质量。文中从物种组成和植物多样性2个方面综述近年来河岸带植被群落的相关研究，并分析两者的生态性特征及其影响因素，在当前研究的基础上探讨了未来研究方向，以期为深入开展河岸带群落结构与植物多样性的相关研究提供参考，并为河岸带生物多样性保护提供新思路。     

Biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of 16 riparian woody plant species in Northeast China

Our research focused on eutrophication control and species screening for riparian zone vegetation restoration in the upstream reach of the Hun River. We studied 16 hardwood plant species to investigate nutrient concentrations and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulations. After about 120 days of growth in pots, these 16 species varied in dry matter biomass, ranging from 15.13 to 637.16 g. Total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） concentrations and distribution in roots, stems and foliage differed both within and between tested species. Mean TN and TP accumulation ranged from 0.167 to 14.730 g per plant and from 0.016 to 1.20 g, respectively. All 16 species, but especially Lespedeza bicolor, Robinia pseudoacacia and Sorbaria sorbifolia had strong potential to remove TN and TP from soil and could be widely utilized for the restora- tion of destroyed riparian zones in northeast China.     

神农架地区珍衡植物沿河岸带的分布格局

Due to the importance of riparian zone in maintaining and protecting regional biodiversity, increasingly more ecologists paid their attentions to riparian zone and had been aware of the important effects of riparian zone in basic study and practical management. In this study, 42 sampling belts (10 m×100m) parallel to the bank of Xiangxi River at different elevations in Shennongjia Area were selected to investigate the riparian vegetation and rare plants. 14 species of rare plants were found distributing in riparian zone, accounting for 42.4% of the total rare plant species in Shennongjia Area. The main distribution range of the 14 rare plant species was the evergreen and deciduous mixed broadleaved forest at elevation of 1200–1800 m, where, species diversity of plant community was the maximum at the moderate elevation. The analysis of TWINSPAN divided the 14 rare species into 3 groups against the elevation, namely low elevation species group, moderate elevation species group, and high elevation species group. The analysis of DCA ordination showed similar results to that of TWINSPAN. In the paper, the authors discussed the reasons forming the distribution pattern of rare plant species, and pointed out that the important function of riparian zone on rare plant species protection. Foundation item: This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC39970123), and Changbai Mountain Open Research Station, Chinese Acadamy of Science. Biography: JIANG Ming-xi (1965-), male, associate professor in Wuhan Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

Forest resources variation along with the main rivers in typical forest region of Changbai Mountain

The restoration of the riparian vegetation disturbed by human activities is one of the hotspots of watershed ecology. Through interpreting the images of Remote Sensing in 1985 and 1999, the basic information of forest resources of Lushuhe Forest Bureau, which is a typical forest area of Chanbai Mountain was obtained with support of GIS. By dividing Land covers of Lushuihe area into 10 types (water body, residential land, stump land, farming land, wetland, mature conifer forest, midlife conifer forest, mature broadleaf forest, midlife broadleaf forest, and man-made young forest) and dividing the riparian zone into four buffers (in turn 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 m away from the river), the changes of riparian forest resources during 1985–1999 were analyzed. The results showed that the deforestation intension has obviously decreased and the whole environment has been evidently improved, but the riparian ecosystem was still flimsy. In buffer 1, 2, 3 the area of midlife conifer forest increased largely, but the areas of other types of land covers all decreased. Midlife conifer forest had a comparatively good status in the three buffers. In buffer 4, midlife conifer forest, mature conifer forest, and mature broadleaf forest formed a forest-age rank that is helpful to stabilize the forest ecosystem and exert its functions. Area percentage of wetland decreased in buffer 1, buffer 2, and buffer 3, even in buffer 4 in which forest ecosystem rehabilitated comparatively well, so protecting and rehabilitating wetland is a very difficult task. Foundation item: This study is supported by major projects of Knowiedge Innovation Program. Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-SW-320-3) and Institute of Applied Ecology (a grant SCXZD010-01), CAS. Biography: HAO Zhan-qing (1962-), Male, Ph. Doctor, Professor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 1100016, P.R. China Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai     

A baseline classification of riparian woodland plant communities in the Okavango Delta,Botswana

In the Okavango Delta information on the riparian woodland vegetation community composition and distribution is generally lacking. Past studies in the Delta were mainly focused on the quantitative classification of seasonal floodplain herbaceous vegetation communities. The aim of this study was to determine riparian woodland vegetation communities in the Okavango Delta. Vegetation sampling was conducted in 20?m × 50?m randomly placed plots. The plots were placed along a gradient from the main water body to the drier fringe of the riparian zone. Plant species present in each plot were recorded with their estimated percentage cover using the Braun–Blanquet cover abundance scale. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to determine vegetation communities. Indicator species analysis was used to calculate indicator values for species groups defined from the cluster analysis. Plant species and diversity were determined for each vegetation cluster. Multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) were used to determine significance of differences between communities. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare species diversity and richness between vegetation communities. Four vegetation communities were identified: Croton megalobotrys– Hyphaene petersiana, Vachellia erioloba–Diospyros lycioides, Syzygium cordatum–Phoenix reclinata and Garcinia livingstonei–Senegalia nigrescens. In this classification, the Syzygium cordatum–Phoenix reclinata and Garcinia livingstonei–Senegalia nigrescens plant communities are found in frequently flooded regions, whereas the Croton megalobotrys–Hyphaene petersiana and Vachellia erioloba–Diospyros lycioides are in occasionally flooded regions. Total number of species was highest in the Garcinia livingstonei–Senegalia nigrescens and lowest in the Syzygium cordatum–Phoenix reclinata vegetation communities. The MRPP showed that there was significant (p < 0.05) differences between vegetation communities. Species diversity and richness were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the Garcinia livingstonei–Senegalia nigrescens vegetation community. This study provided an inventory of riparian woodland plant communities, which can be used as a vital monitoring tool of vegetation change in the Okavango Delta.     

广州市车陂涌不同土地利用类型草本植物群落特征

通过对广州市车陂涌河岸带人为干扰较少的 5 个河段的草本植物群落特征进行调查,分析河 岸带的物种多样性和影响河岸带植被分布的主要因素,总结适宜广州河岸带生态护岸的草本植物。经统 计,河岸带样方内共有草本植物 57 种,隶属于 23 科 51 属,禾本科与菊科植物最多,分别占 10 种和 8 种。本土植物 47 种,外来入侵植物 10 种,存在外来生物潜在入侵危险。群落结构复杂,物种组成繁多。 结合生态护岸原则和调查结果,最终筛选出节节草 Commelina diffusa、柔枝莠竹 Microstegium vimineum、 红尾翎 Digitaria radicosa 等 10 种本土植物作为生态护岸植物进行推广。     

塔河源荒漠河岸林灰胡杨与多枝柽柳种群空间格局与空间关联性

【目的】研究种群的空间格局及关联性,有利于阐明群落空间格局形成和物种共存机制,对植被的恢复、生物多样性保护等具有重要意义。【方法】为探究荒漠河岸林优势种群的空间分布及关联性,2017年在塔里木河干流源头荒漠河岸林内设置1 hm2典型样地,应用点格局分析法(Ripley的K函数、L函数)对灰胡杨、柽柳种群不同径级的空间格局及空间关联性进行分析。【结果】1)塔里木荒漠河岸林群落结构简单,物种多样性低,仅有9科11属11种,灰胡杨种群呈中间大两头小的纺锤型,柽柳呈倒金字塔型,两者均为衰退型种群。2)灰胡杨与柽柳种群有极强的尺度依赖性,空间格局以聚集分布为主,随生长发育进程与空间尺度增大,聚集强度减弱,逐渐趋于随机分布。3)灰胡杨不同发育阶段的空间负关联性随径级增大,种内竞争逐渐增强。研究尺度内灰胡杨幼树、小树、中树与柽柳幼苗,柽柳成株与灰胡杨幼苗空间上呈相互排斥,影响群落更新与发展。4)灰胡杨死树与其幼龄、大龄个体及柽柳成株在空间上呈相互排斥,而与柽柳幼苗互不干扰。高盐生境与激烈的种间、种内竞争不利于荒漠河岸物种生长发育、更新及群落稳定。【结论】荒漠河岸林灰胡杨与柽柳种群空间格局受个体径级与空间尺度影响表现为聚集分布,随生长发育进程与空间尺度增大而趋于随机分布。空间关联性为负关联,且个体差异越大负关联性越强。分析空间格局及关联性得知,物种竞争、环境筛选是荒漠河岸林群落空间格局形成的主要动力。     

滨水植被缓冲带水质净化研究

滨水植被缓冲带兼具生态、社会和经济价值。对其研究以生态学和水文学为基础,涉及多种学科和技术。我国滨水植被缓冲带的理论与实践研究均较为薄弱。文中从滨水植被缓冲带的结构特征及作用、滨水植被缓冲带水质净化机理和滨水植被缓冲带水质净化的影响因素3个方面进行论述,同时探讨总结了滨水植被缓冲带在水质净化方面需要进一步研究的突出问题。随着人们对水污染关注的增加,滨水植被缓冲带的生态净水方式将备受重视。