Idiopathic bone cavity: case series involving children and adolescents

Aim: This study aimed at reviewing a series of clinical cases of children and adolescents treated for idiopathic bone cavity (IBC). Methods: Ten lesions diagnosed as IBC in nine patients treated between February 2000 and December 2008 were reviewed, focusing on clinical and radiographic aspects, as well the therapeutic approach. Results: Most of the patients were Caucasian with no sex predilection (55.5% males and 45.5% females), and all were in the second decade of life at the time of IBC diagnosis. The lesions were asymptomatic and detected during routine radiographic examinations. All the lesions were located in the mandible, and the anterior region was the most affected. The most adopted therapeutic approach was simple curettage of the bone cavity, and all surgically‐treated patients presented complete bone healing after 6 months, postoperatively. Conclusions: Clinical and radiographic diagnoses associated with surgical exploration are the most important treatment options in order to avoid radical surgery or unnecessary endodontic treatment, mainly when idiopathic bone cavities are detected in children and adolescents. Further studies aimed at elucidating the etiopathogenesis of this condition and defining the most appropriate treatment should be conducted.     

Idiopathic bone cavity of the jaws: an updated analysis of the cases reported in the literature

The aim of this systematic review was to compare the clinical and radiological features of solitary and multiple idiopathic bone cavities (IBCs) reported in the jaws, as well as to identify possible features that may have some influence on the frequency of persistence of IBC following treatment. An electronic search was undertaken in August 2018. Eligibility criteria included publications with sufficient clinical, radiological, and histological information to confirm the diagnosis. A total of 284 publications reporting 1253 IBCs were included. Multiple IBCs affected older patients and female patients more frequently in comparison to solitary IBCs. While trauma was more commonly found in cases of solitary IBC, scalloping around teeth, bone expansion, and persistence of the cavity following treatment were more significantly associated with multiple lesions. The most relevant factors that are suggested to influence the persistence of the cavity are ‘surgical access only’ in comparison to ‘curettage’, presence of scalloping around teeth, patients with multiple IBCs, and a larger lesion size. Solitary and multiple IBCs differ in some clinical and radiological aspects and show distinct rates of persistence following treatment. Curettage is the treatment of choice for IBCs compared to surgical access only.     

Stafne骨腔的临床和影像学研究进展

Stafne骨腔(SBC)是一种罕见的下颌骨骨质的凹陷缺损,常发生在下颌骨后份,在临床上极易被误诊为颌骨囊肿或肿瘤而进行不必要的手术治疗.本文通过回顾国内外研究,对SBC的病因、临床表现、影像学特点进行综述,总结其典型的影像学表现,介绍其影像表现的多样性,为临床准确诊断提供指导.     

珊瑚羟基磷灰石骨粉充填根尖刮治术后骨腔的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨珊瑚羟基磷灰石骨粉充填根尖刮治术后骨腔的临床疗效。方法：选取83颗根尖暗影超过1．0cm,瘘管久治不愈的患牙,行根尖刮治术后骨腔填塞珊瑚羟基磷灰石骨粉53颗牙,未行填塞的31颗牙作为对照,观察3~6个月及5年两组病例骨腔的愈合情况。结果：实验组53颗患牙治疗有效率达96．62％,对照组有效率仅为61．29％。差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：珊瑚羟基磷灰石骨粉在治疗较大根尖破坏伴瘘管的患牙,具有良好的骨修复效果。     

A case of static bone cavity

Herein, we present a case of static bone cavity. Results of radiological examination involving sialography in conjunction with CT are presented along with a review of the literature. Identification of the defect in the lingual mandible is necessary for the diagnosis of this abnormality, and we recognize that CT is the most appropriate examination method for the differential diagnosis of this defect. CT depicts the lesion clearly so that determination of the content is possible. Consequently, if this abnormality is suspected by conventional roentgenology such as panoramic radiography, we consider that the case should be immediately followed by CT examination.     

HA人工骨修复较大颌骨囊肿骨腔的临床探讨

本文对近10年来应用HA修复颌骨囊肿186例，及其中较大颌骨囊肿34例，进行了较系统的临床研究。手术切口一期愈合、外形满意27例（79．5％），较明显颗粒逸漏21例（61.7%），迟发性血清肿4例（2.9％）。并对4例单囊性角化囊肿用液氮冷冻后HA修复，经3年以上随访无复发。     

11例颌骨单纯性骨囊肿回顾性研究

目的 探讨颌骨单纯性骨囊肿的临床、手术及放射学特点。方法 收集颌骨单纯性骨囊肿病例的资料,对其临床、影像学、手术及随访情况进行回顾性研究。结果 11例颌骨单纯性骨囊肿患者中,女性8例,男性3例。10例（90.9%）患者无症状,1例（9.1%）患者出现肿胀。所有的病例均发生于下颌骨且为孤立性病变,无外伤史。10例（90.9%）病变表现为单房,1例（9.1%）表现为多房。病变的形状可分为锥形、圆形、卵圆形、不规则形,分别有3、2、4、2例。10例行手术探查并搔刮骨壁治疗,其中7例（70%）术中发现病变骨腔为空腔,2例（20%）为浆液,1例（10%）为血性浆液。采取手术治疗的3例病变完全愈合,7例显示骨腔内有新骨形成。结论 颌骨单纯性骨囊肿通常无症状,下颌骨发病率较高,无明显外伤史,大多数病变骨腔为空腔。单纯行骨壁搔刮术是单纯性骨囊肿的一种有效的治疗方法。     

Alveolar ridge regeneration with equine spongy bone: a clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical case series

Background: In the case of localized ridge atrophy, a ridge augmentation procedure, with the use of bone substitutes and barrier membranes, may then be necessary.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was a clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluation of an equine spongy bone in alveolar ridge augmentation procedures.
Materials and Methods: Five patients showing horizontal mandibular ridge defects participated in this study. A ridge augmentation was performed through an onlay apposition of equine bone covered by a titanium-reinforced membrane. After 6 months of healing, five bone cores from nonaugmented sites (control) and five from augmented sites (test) were retrieved.
Results: In test sites, no postoperative complications occurred. Horizontal bone width increased from ≤4 to ≥7 mm. In control sites, the newly formed bone represented 33%, and in test sites, 35% of the total area. The mean value of the microvessel density was 25.6 +/– 3.425 per mm² in controls, while 33.3 +/– 2.5 vessels per mm² in the test sites were found ( p  < .05). Both groups showed a high intensity (++) of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the newly formed bone, while a low intensity (+) was found in the mature bone.
Conclusion: Equine bone appeared to be biocompatible and to be associated with new vessel ingrowth. Within the limits of the small sample size, the present study indicated that equine bone could be used in mandibular ridge augmentations.     

Bio-Oss骨代用品同引导骨再生膜联合应用效果的观察

目的 通过组织学观察Bio-Oss作为骨移植材料同引导骨再生膜技术联合应用治疗牙槽骨局部骨缺损及种植体周围骨缺损的临床效果。方法 从6例牙槽骨局部缺损患者的6处骨再生区取少量骨组织，采取Donath硬组织切片磨片技术行组织学观察。结果 组织学显示浅红色新生骨同淡黄色的Bio-Oss颗粒区别明显，Bio-Oss颗粒表面有新骨形成，并与之紧密结合。未见纤维结缔组织长入包裹Bio-Oss颗粒及炎症细胞浸润。结论 Bio-Oss骨有良好的生物相容性和骨引导作用，作为骨移植材料同引导骨再生膜技术联合应用的效果是可靠的。     

Idiopathic Bone Cavity: Clinicopathologic Features from a Case Series with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Apical Periodontitis

IntroductionIdiopathic bone cavity (IBC) is an uncommon bone lesion that usually affects youngsters as an unilocular radiolucency with predilection for the posterior mandible. Because the lesion is frequently located in proximity to the adjacent teeth, chronic apical periodontitis is commonly included as a differential diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical and radiologic features of a series of IBCs diagnosed in a single service.MethodsAll cases diagnosed as IBC were retrieved from the files of an oral pathology laboratory, and the clinical and radiologic characteristics were described with a focus on the differential diagnosis with chronic apical periodontitis.ResultsThirty cases composed the final sample. The mean age of the affected patients was 22 years old; there was no sex predilection, and most lesions were located on the posterior (47%) and anterior (43%) mandible. Most lesions presented as unilocular radiolucencies (87%), and 90% were located in close association with the adjacent teeth. The associated teeth presented no endodontic involvement, and all proved to be vital.ConclusionsIBC usually affects young patients as an unilocular radiolucency in close association with the adjacent teeth. Careful radiologic analysis and vitality tests of the adjacent teeth are essential to rule out chronic apical periodontitis, thus avoiding any unnecessary endodontic treatment.     

Influence of platelet rich fibrin on post-extraction socket healing: A clinical and radiographic study

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically, extraction socket healing using autologous platelet rich fibrin (PRF).

Acellular dermal matrix as a barrier in guided bone regeneration: a clinical, radiographic and histomorphometric study in dogs

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as a membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR), in comparison with a bioabsorbable membrane.
Material and methods: In seven dogs, the mandibular pre-molars were extracted. After 8 weeks, one bone defect was surgically created bilaterally and the GBR was performed. Each side was randomly assigned to the control group (CG: bioabsorbable membrane made of glycolide and lactide copolymer) or the test group (TG: ADM as a membrane). Immediately following GBR, standardized digital X-ray radiographs were taken, and were repeated at 8 and 16 weeks post-operatively. Before the GBR and euthanasia, clinical measurements of the width and thickness of the keratinized tissue (WKT and TKT, respectively) were performed. One animal was excluded from the study due to complications in the TG during wound healing; therefore, six dogs remained in the sample. The dogs were sacrificed 16 weeks following GBR, and a histomorphometric analysis was performed. Area measurements of new tissue and new bone, and linear measurements of bone height were performed.
Results: Post-operative healing of the CG was uneventful. In the TG membrane was exposed in two animals, and one of them was excluded from the sample. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for any histomorphometric measurement. Clinically, both groups showed an increase in the TKT and a reduction in the WKT. Radiographically, an image suggestive of new bone formation could be observed in both groups at 8 and 16 weeks following GBR.
Conclusion: ADM acted as a barrier in GBR, with clinical, radiographic and histomorphometric results similar to those obtained with the bioabsorbable membrane.     

Immunohistochemical, tomographic and histological study on onlay bone graft remodeling. Part II: calvarial bone

Objectives: Little information is available on the molecular events that occur during graft incorporation over time. The calvarial bone (Cb) grafts have been reported to produce greater responses compared with other donor regions in maxillofacial reconstructions, but the scientific evidences for this are still lacking. The objectives of this study are (1) to study the morphological pattern of Cb onlay bone grafts and compare them with the biological events through immunohistochemical responses and (2) to establish the effects of perforations in maintaining the volume and bone density of the receptor bed. Material and methods: Sixty New Zealand White rabbits were submitted to Cb onlay bone grafts on the mandible. In 30 rabbits, the receptor bed was perforated (perforated group), while for the remaining animals the bed was kept intact (non‐perforated group). Six animals from each group were sacrificed at 5, 7, 10, 20 and 60 days after surgery. Histological sections from the grafted area were prepared for immunohistochemical and histological analyses. Immuno‐labeling was found for proteins Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κβ ligand (RANKL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), Type I collagen (COL I) and osteocalcin (OC). The tomography examination [computerized tomography (CT) scan] was conducted just after surgery and at the sacrifice. Results: The histological findings revealed that the perforations contributed to higher bone deposition during the initial stages at the graft–receptor bed interface, accelerating the graft incorporation process. The results of the CT scan showed lower resorption for the perforated group (P≤0.05), and both groups showed high bone density rates at 60 days. This set of evidences is corroborated by the immunohistochemical outcomes indicating that proteins associated with revascularization and osteogenesis (VEGF, OPN, TRAP and ALP) were found in higher levels in the perforated group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the bone volume of calvarial grafts is better maintained when the receptor bed is perforated, probably resulting from more effective graft revascularization and greater bone deposition. The process of bone resorption peaked between 20 and 60 days post‐operatively in both groups although significantly less in the perforated group.     

Enhanced ridge preservation by bone mineral bound with collagen-binding synthetic oligopeptide: a clinical and histologic study in humans

Background: The ridge‐preservation technique has been applied with membrane alone or membrane plus graft. Synthetic peptides, mimicking bioactive growth factor or extracellular matrix protein, have been attempted to provide an active surface of the biomaterials in inducing bone formation while alleviating the limitations of whole protein such as short half‐life, immunologic responses. The aim of the present clinical study is to examine the osteogenic effect of synthetic oligopeptide–coated bone mineral compared to bone graft without peptide when applied with collagen membrane in a ridge‐preservation technique. Methods: Synthetic oligopeptide from the collagen‐binding domain of osteopontin was chemically synthesized and coated onto the surface of bone mineral particulates. Ridge preservations were performed at 44 extraction sites in 42 patients (20 males and 22 females). Analyses of clinical parameters and histomorphometric evaluations were conducted to compare the osteogenic effects of the grafts between baseline and 6 months. Results: In the bone grafts of the control group treated without synthetic peptide, new bone formation was only seen around borders and basal areas. However, new bone was observed broadly in the defects of the test group treated with synthetic peptide–coated bone mineral, as seen not only at peripheries but also in the central and coronal parts of bone cores in the defects. The average percentage of new bone formation was significantly higher in the test group (5.3% ± 8.3% versus 10.4% ± 4.6%). The contact percentages between the graft particles and the new bone were 8.2% ± 11.3% for the control group and 20.4% ± 7.5% for the test group (P <0.05). Conclusions: The ridge‐preservation approach using synthetic oligopeptide–coated bone mineral with collagen membrane effectively prevented the resorption of hard tissue with higher bone‐to‐graft contact, and the oligopeptide‐coated bone may be a choice for ridge‐preservation procedures while assuring new bone formation.     

Idiopathic bone cavity (traumatic bone cyst) with the radiographic appearance of a fibro-osseous lesion.

This article presents an unusual case of idiopathic bone cavity that originally was either not observed or diagnosed as a fibro-osseous condition. When a differential diagnosis was established, it included fibro-osseous conditions, odontogenic cysts and neoplasms, and central giant cell granuloma but not the definitive diagnosis. The patient's demographic data, history, symptoms, and clinical and radiographic appearance all conspired to obscure the true nature of the condition, which was not revealed until a biopsy was attempted. A more thorough initial radiographic examination might have led to an earlier diagnosis.     

Guided bone regeneration with barrier membranes--a clinical and radiographic follow-up study after 24 months

The present follow-up study evaluated clinical and radiographic parameters of dental implants placed with simultaneous guided bone regeneration with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) membranes. All implants were functioning well 24 months after insertion. In all, 63 patients with a total of 91 e-PTFE-augmented implants were integrated in a regular maintenance protocol. Modified periodontal data of 85 implants in 59 patients were recorded at 24 months and indicated no difference to implants placed in sufficient pristine bone. The mean plaque score (mplI) was 0.29, 74% of the sites showed no plaque. The sulcular probing depth ranged from 1 to 7 mm with a mean of 2.6 mm (SD +/- 0.8). Of the sites 96.5% were < or = 4 mm deep, in 49% of them probing resulted in bleeding. Periotest values 6 and 24 months (mean: -3.4 and -3.4) after placement revealed stable peri-implant conditions and sustained osseointegration. The radiographic evaluation performed 6, 12 and 24 months post insertion yielded a mean bone loss of 0.93, 1.36 and 1.51 mm ranging from 0 to 4 mm. The short-term results of our clinical study demonstrated stable peri-implant conditions 2 years after membrane-protected osseous regeneration. The newly formed bone seemed to be able to withstand functional loading in a predictable manner after 18 months.     

Bone collected during dental implant surgery: a clinical and histological study

Bone traps vary in design, although the effect of pore size on the nature of the debris collected in vivo has not yet been established. The aims of this study were 1) to compare the clinical performance of two bone collectors during implant surgery, ii) to establish the mass of tissue collected by each device, and iii) to characterize the nature of the collected debris. Thirty-eight patients (paired for implant site) were categorised into three clinical groups according to the site and the number of implants they were to receive. Patients underwent bone collection with the Frios bone trap or the Osseous Coagulum Trap according to a randomisation sequence. The samples were fixed in formalin, frozen, freeze-dried and weighed. Material from each sample was embedded in paraffin wax and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. All sections were examined by optical microscopy and the proportion of bone to coagulum was established histomorphometrically. During surgery, the Frios bone trap blocked once and the Osseous Coagulum Trap blocked 11 times. In all cases where blockage occurred, excess coagulum was apparent. All the samples that were collected by the Frios bone trap contained bone and coagulum, with a mean proportion of 90.6% bone. With regard to the Osseous Coagulum Trap, one sample contained no bone and two samples contained only trace amounts of bone; the remaining samples contained a mean proportion of 67.3% bone. Pore size affects both clinical performance and the histological composition of the debris collected, and this might have important implications if used as an augmentation material.     

自体块状骨结合引导骨再生技术重建前牙区骨量不足的临床研究

目的：比较自体块状骨结合引导骨再生(GBR)技术重建前牙区骨量不足术后种植位点和非种植位点骨量变化的差异。方法：2010年12月—2011年8月间,术前全景片及CT评估14例患者(73个缺牙位点)前牙区骨量不足,于颏部或下颌支处取自体块状骨结合GBR技术重建前牙牙槽骨,并延期行种植体植入术(共植入42颗种植体)。术后即刻、3、6、9个月和最长随访时间点(平均13.8个月)行CT检查。利用Simplant 11.04软件三维重建并测量牙槽嵴顶骨宽度(alveolar crestal bone width, ACBW)、牙槽骨中部骨宽度(alveolar midway bone width, AMBW)和牙槽骨高度(alveolar bone height, ABH)。测量的所有数据按照种植位点(即种植体植入的位点)和非种植位点(即未植入种植体,后期利用桥体修复的位点)分为2组。采用SAS 9.0软件包对该2组数据进行配对t检验。结果：14例患者均顺利完成植骨和种植体植入手术,术后无头晕、头痛等不适,切口均愈合良好,42颗种植体在愈合和随访期内骨结合良好。术后2组骨改建评价显示：对种植位点的ACBW和AMBW,术后即刻骨增量和术后3个月骨吸收量有显著差异(P<0.05),而对ABH术后即刻骨增量,术后3、6个月骨吸收量有显著差异(P<0.05),其他时间段则无显著差异(P>0.05);对非种植位点的ACBW和ABH,术后即刻骨增量,术后3、6和9个月骨吸收量有显著差异(P<0.05),而对AMBW术后即刻骨增量,术后3、6个月骨吸收量有显著差异(P<0.05),其他时间段则无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后2组中ACBW、AMBW和ABH的骨量变化显示：术后即刻骨增量,术后3、6个月骨吸收量无显著差异(P>0.05);术后9个月和最长随访时间点骨吸收量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。结论：非种植位点较种植位点在种植体植入后发生更多的骨吸收,其原因是二期种植体植入手术产生的创伤和种植体能保存骨量两者相互作用所致。因此,即刻或同期植入种植体,避免二次手术,对骨量保存具有重要意义。