调整开源思路解决沧州农村人口饮水困难

通过对沧州市农村人口饮水困难，水资源现状及开采状况的分析，提出了优先利用地上水，合理开发浅层水，井，坑，塘，河，渠，水库并用，节，打，蓄，经，增相结合的开源思路。     

浅谈生物措施治理水土流失的效果

工程措施与农业技术措施相结合促进果树丰产，水土保持经济林大部栽植在荒山，荒坡和荒光，而且是等高修造梯田栽植，对果树进行施肥，灌水，排水，中耕除草的同时，可结合工程措施进行，如挖鱼磷坑，蓄水池，排水沟等，这即是水土保持的工程措施，又是果树栽培的保水，排涝，增产措施，二者相辅相成，事半功倍。     

观音山水库企业发展的思路与举措

江西省宜黄县观音山中型水库为了尽快摆脱困境，走出低谷，按照“一业为主，多业并举”的企业发展思路，立足走“种，养，加一条龙，贸，工，农一体化”的集约化经营之道，通过扩大招商引资，兴办工矿企业，提高科技含量，增加种养收入，妻展水库旅游，壮大水库经济等一系列改革措施，深化了水利产权改革，也为水库今后的发展打下了良好的基础。     

三峡赋──《三峡风情》之十四

大自然地壳运动的伟力，曾把三峡地区变成了海洋；后来，又神奇地从海里长出透迄连绵的群山，生出雄伟挺拔的高峰。长江从雪山奔来，左冲右撞，发疯似地在重峦叠峰中，劈开一条惊险之路，滚滚涛涛，浩浩荡荡，一泻千里东去……‘七百里三峡”峭壁对峙，悬崖夹岸，那看不尽的大青石。层页岩、喀斯特、花岗岩，千奇百怪，峻峻峨峨，磷磷峋峋，或如鬼斧砍削，或像雪浪噬咬，岩缝里有丰富的储藏，有深厚的底蕴；那纵横交错的石纹，疏密有致，深浅不一，雄健流利，流动着一种自然的韵律，记载着岁月的沧桑、大江的水文、民间的传说。千载万代，三…     

本期各市发稿统计

上善若水，水善养万物而不争，水善利万物而不语，一捧清泉，涤尽心中无尽的尘埃，一滴水，解我生命之源，水孕育了天地万灵，花开花落几春风，夏雨冬雪，滋润一年四时，静时看枝头落满梨花，动时听翻江倒海浪高几丈。古人对水有不一样的情感“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜，所谓伊人，在水一方”，“一水护田将绿绕，两山排闼送青来”，无论是爱情还是生活，水都融入我们生命的每一个细节，流淌在每个生命的血肉中。今天水资源逐渐减少，水显得尤为珍贵，水资源的减少和水资源的浪费有着很大的关系，水管接到家中，打开水龙头就有水流出来，这样的方便反而造成水资源的浪费，水总是在无意中流失，古人常告诫；“勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之”，节约每一滴水是我们每个人义不容辞的责任和义务，有人说当世界上没有水时，那么最后一滴水将是我们自己的眼泪。上善若水，用在今天最直接的就是节约用水，这是我们的生命之源，这是一滴水的善行。     

休闲时刻

佳木斯濒临松花江，地处大荒；佳木斯人三方八秒四季游泳，不怕水凉。夏日天长，早晨下江，望着出浴的太阳，拉开夜幕，披上露纱，从水里跃起，晚上，七八．戈神上岸，还能看见彩大残阳，中午人多，熙熙攘攘，和海滨浴场一样。一日三游，不如横渡一次松花江。早春，顶凌横渡，江一开还不算早，大江脱节，冰排未动，瞅空过江，才是第一拨。顶凌，江水冰凉经骨，连鸭子都不下去，赤力露体游一个未回，除了冬泳的谁敢照量？冬天，在大江里凿开冰眼，扩成游泳池，无遮无挡，《北风大烟地抓过冰天雪地，向池里扔下碎雪残冰。池边，冰块砌成的跳台…     

保护地滴灌黄瓜节子灌溉模式试验研究

保护地滴灌黄瓜节水灌溉模式试验研究表明黄瓜滴灌比沟灌节水，增产省工，滴灌较沟灌节水41．4％，增产23．8％，滴灌不破坏土壤结构，防止和减轻土壤板结，表土疏松，能保持良好的团粒结构，滴灌能调节土壤水，气，热，有利于人物生长发育，使作物缓苗快，上市早，品质高。滴灌能改变农田生态环境，使黄瓜病毒危害减轻，是增产，增值的防止病害的有效途径，其经济效益明显。     

《降水量统计分析专家系统》简介

本系统综合了分析，统计技术，预测科学和“3S”技术，以GIS（MapInofo)为平台，多语言集成，15个主模块，58个子模块的大型应用系统，直接读取原始资料，对海量历史数据检索，查询，分析，总结历史降水的统计规律，农业雨情，历史旱涝评价，逐日降水概率，历史数据回溯，成为指导社会基础设施，水利工程建设，防汛防旱，农业生产，城乡供水的重要依据。本系统将历史和当前降水无缝链接，并在GIS中显示原始数据，统计查询分析，预测（利用多相关分析，逐步回归，平稳时间序列，周期分析和周期叠架等模型）结果，绘制等值线，等值面，能自动划分降水（干旱）时段，完成模型与数据，模型与文本，模型与表格的结合，自动读表，以屏幕显示，打印，文件的形式输出，在实时分析降水的同时提高工效50倍，社会效益，防灾减灾明显，]对降水的成因基础理论将起到重要的作用，本系统还适应于农日观测的其它自然，社会，经济等方面的资料分析，应用范围十分广阔。     

强化改革力度 狠抓水资源统一管理

长期以来，在水政水资源管理上，没有一个统一的管理机制，政出多门，各行其是，形成“多龙管水”，致使宝贵的水资源得不到充分的开发和利用。就黄华而言，地上地下水资源严重缺乏，随着改革的深入和经济的迅速发展，黄骅作为一个新兴的沿海开放城市，水资源的供需矛盾日益突出，如何加强水政水资源管理，搞好城乡供水工作，是摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。1995年以来，在领导的大力支持下，立足于本局优势，通过深化改革，强化管理机制，加大工作力度，狠抓“一龙管水”，有力地促进了全市水资源的统一管理和城乡供水工作顺利开展，为黄华…     

强化环境意识坚持环境和经济同步发展：珠委赴德国污水处理考察团考察报告

介绍德国环境保护成果，主要是政府高度重视，舍得投入，有关法制规章健全，公众环境意识强烈，同时管理手段有力，不仅实施统一管理，而且健全环境监测体系，加强惩罚力度。认为在社会经济发展中，要强化环境意识，为发展提供可持续动力，对资源进行有效利用，并加大科技的投入，在水环境保护方面，建议应有明确的环境责任制，积极推行有利于环境保护的政策，坚持实行全面规划，合理布局的原则。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。     

Fish assemblage response to recent mitigation of a channelized warmwater stream

Various designs of low‐head dams are used to rehabilitate streams or forestall upstream channel incision after channelization. We report on the efficacy of using notched sills and grade control structures (GCS) to restore the fish assemblage in Luxapallila Creek, Mississippi. We tested the null hypotheses that habitat variables and species richness, evenness, and assemblage structure would not differ among: (1) a channelized segment with no modifications; (2) a channelized segment mitigated by the installation of sills and GCS; (3) a segment upstream of the installations and undergoing channel incision; and (4) an unaltered segment. Although habitat variables changed, neither species richness, evenness, nor fish assemblage structure differed between mitigated and channelized segments with both exhibiting less richness and different assemblage structures than the unaltered segment. Lack of differences in species richness between the incised and unaltered segments suggest that the GCS may have halted the negative effects of upstream channel incision before species were extirpated. Conspicuous habitat differences between the altered (channelized and mitigated) and unaltered segments were lack of backwaters and canopy coverage and finer substrates in the altered segments. Our results suggest a more comprehensive rehabilitation strategy is required in Luxapallila Creek. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION Coastal and continental shelf regions are characterized by intensive interaction between wave and current. These regions are of great economic significance to mankind. Therefore, the modeling of wave and current as well as their mutual int…