果蔬采后诱导抗病性

诱导抗病性是生物防治的途径之一,本文综述了诱导抗病性在果蔬采后病害防治中的研究进展,包括多种物理性、化学性和生物性激发子对许多采后果蔬抗病性的诱导以及诱导抗病性产生的机制,并分析它在果蔬防腐保鲜上的应用前景。     

果蔬采后诱导抗病性

诱导抗病性是生物防治的途径之一 ,本文综述了诱导抗病性在果蔬采后病害防治中的研究进展 ,包括多种物理性、化学性和生物性激发子对许多采后果蔬抗病性的诱导以及诱导抗病性产生的机制 ,并分析它在果蔬防腐保鲜上的应用前景。     

水杨酸对采后苹果果实乙烯生成的抑制作用

室温下用0．1-20mmol·L－1的外源水杨酸浸泡苹果果实的果肉和果皮圆片6h后,其乙烯生成量显著被抑,抑制效果随外源水杨酸浓度的提高而增强。外源水杨酸对种子的乙烯生成也有不同程度的抑制作用。     

水杨酸处理对采后园艺产品的作用

本文结合作者自己的研究结果,综述了水杨酸对园艺产品的采后作用（包括延长切花保鲜期、减轻果实腐烂、推迟洋葱等产品的发芽和对果蔬产品贮藏期间品质、呼吸速率、乙烯释放、抗逆、活性氧代谢方面影响）的研究进展,并对这些结果进行了分析;对高浓度外源SA处理引起的负面作用以及存在的一些问题进行了探讨。     

水杨酸处理对采后园艺产品的作用

本文结合作者自己的研究结果 ,综述了水杨酸对园艺产品的采后作用 (包括延长切花保鲜期、减轻果实腐烂、推迟洋葱等产品的发芽和对果蔬产品贮藏期间品质、呼吸速率、乙烯释放、抗逆、活性氧代谢方面影响 )的研究进展 ,并对这些结果进行了分析 ;对高浓度外源SA处理引起的负面作用以及存在的一些问题进行了探讨     

水杨酸延缓猕猴桃果实采后衰老与精氨酸分解代谢的关系

采用1.0 mmol·L^-1水杨酸(SA)处理‘徐香’猕猴桃果实,测定果实在常温(23±2)℃贮藏过程中失重率、硬度、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及精氨酸分解代谢相关酶活性和物质含量的变化,探究SA处理延缓猕猴桃果实采后衰老的作用机理。结果显示：(1)与对照(不处理)相比,贮藏第20天时,SA处理果实的失重率较对照降低13.77%,硬度较对照提高78.25%,表明SA处理有效抑制了猕猴桃果实硬度和鲜重的下降。(2)贮藏第20天时,SA处理果实的PG活性(13.61 μg·g^-1·h^-1)显著低于对照(16.77 μg·g^-1·h^-1);猕猴桃果实中的MDA含量在贮藏第15天时差异最大,SA处理较对照降低33.40%。(3)与对照相比,在贮藏过程中SA处理显著促进了果实中鸟氨酸的累积以及精氨酸脱羧酶和鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的升高,同时抑制了多胺氧化酶和二胺氧化酶活性,并显著提高了猕猴桃果实中多胺(腐胺、精胺、亚精胺)的累积。(4)与对照相比,SA处理显著诱导了猕猴桃果实中一氧化氮合酶活性的增强,并促进了果实中一氧化氮(NO)的累积,且在贮藏第5天以后果实中的NO含量显著高于对照。研究发现,SA能够显著延缓常温下猕猴桃果实的采后衰老进程,这可能与SA触发了果实中精氨酸分解代谢的不同途径有关。     

水杨酸诱导植物抗病性的新进展

水杨酸是一种重要的能激活一系列植物抗病防卫反应的内源信号分子.首先介绍了水杨酸在植物抗病性中的作用,并从水杨酸与过氧化氢及其代谢酶类相互作用的角度初步探讨了水杨酸诱导植物抗病性的分子机理,最后概述了目前这一领域中需要进一步研究的若干问题.     

诱导抗性在果蔬采后病害防治中的应用

就果蔬采后诱导抗性因子——生物型和非生物型因子（如微生物、物理因子、化学物质、天然物质等）在果蔬采后病害防治中的应用及可能的诱导机制作了介绍。     

钙与果实采后生理

本文简介钙在果实中的积累、分布、存在形式和生理功能,同时对其在果实采后的生理作用、作用机制以及提高钙含量的可行措施作了归纳。     

猕猴桃果实采后生理研究进展

猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）属于呼吸跃变型果实,采后易软化腐烂,不耐贮藏,如何延长猕猴桃果实贮藏期限已成为猕猴桃产业发展壮大亟待解决的问题。猕猴桃果实采后生理变化强烈影响果实的贮藏期限和果实品质,特别是呼吸作用、乙烯合成及其信号转导系统和果实软化等,并且它们与猕猴桃贮藏保鲜技术的研发与应用密切相关。本文重点从这3个方面就国内外相关研究进展进行综述,并讨论它们对猕猴桃耐贮性的影响,以期为猕猴桃耐贮新品种的培育和贮藏保鲜技术的研发提供理论依据。     

水杨酸诱导植物抗性的研究进展

水杨酸是一种重要的内源信号分子,能够激活一系列植物抗性防卫反应.为了研究这种抗性反应,对水杨酸诱导植物抗病性、抗旱性、抗盐性及与乙烯作用的新进展作了概述,并从水杨酸与过氧化氢及其代谢酶类相互作用的角度探讨了水杨酸诱导植物抗性生理的分子机理.     

Salicylic acid induced resistance in fruits to combat against postharvest pathogens: a review

Salicylic acid (SA), the plant hormone, is extensively involved in signalling pathway, primarily in defence to induced local and systemic resistances in fruits against postharvest pathogens. Exogenous application of SA on fruits at optimum or non-toxic concentration provided efficient control of decay caused by postharvest pathogens. SA has direct fungitoxic effect on pathogen growth. This review scrutinises the control of various postharvest diseases by the application of SA on different fruits. Furthermore, physiological mechanism involved in inducing resistance is also discussed. These findings are necessary for understanding the proper function of SA in harvested fruits. In future, there is a need to correlate the efficacy of SA with environmental conditions and should emphasise on molecular paths involved in signalling of induce resistance.     

Effect of Salicylic Acid Formulations on Induced Plant Defense against Cassava Anthracnose Disease

This study was to investigate defense mechanisms on cassava induced by salicylic acid formulation (SA) against anthracnose disease. Our results indicated that the SA could reduce anthracnose severity in cassava plants up to 33.3% under the greenhouse condition. The β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase enzyme activities were significantly increased at 24 hours after inoculation (HAI) and decrease at 48 HAI after Colletotrichum gloeosporioides challenge inoculation, respectively, for cassava treated with SA formulation. Synchrotron radiation–based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy spectra revealed changes of the C=H stretching vibration (3,000–2,800 cm⁻¹), pectin (1,740–1,700 cm⁻¹), amide I protein (1,700–1,600 cm⁻¹), amide II protein (1,600–1,500 cm⁻¹), lignin (1,515 cm⁻¹) as well as mainly C–O–C of polysaccharides (1,300–1,100 cm⁻¹) in the leaf epidermal and mesophyll tissues treated with SA formulations, compared to those treated with fungicide carbendazim and distilled water after the challenged inoculation with C. gloeosporioides. The results indicate that biochemical changes in cassava leaf treated with SA played an important role in the enhancement of structural and chemical defense mechanisms leading to reduced anthracnose severity.     

Resistance Induction by Salicylic Acid Formulation in Cassava Plant against Fusarium solani

Fusarium root rot caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani is one of the most important fungal diseases of cassava in Thailand, resulting in high yield losses of more than 80%. This study aimed to investigate if the exogenous application of salicylic acid formulations (Zacha) can induce resistance in cassava against Fusarium root rot and observe the biochemical changes in induced cassava leaf tissues through synchrotron radiation based on Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy. We demonstrated that the application of Zacha11 prototype formulations could induce resistance against Fusarium root rot in cassava. The in vitro experimental results showed that Zacha11 prototype formulations inhibited the growth of F. solani at approximately 34.83%. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the disease severity of Fusarium root rot disease at 60 days after challenge inoculation was observed in cassava plants treated with Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm (9.0%). Population densities of F. solani were determined at 7 days after inoculation. Treatment of the Zacha11 at a concentration of 500 ppm resulted in reduced populations compared with the distilled water control and differences among treatment means at each assay date. Moreover, the SR-FTIR spectral changes of Zacha11-treated epidermal tissues of leaves had higher integral areas of lipids, lignins, and pectins (1,770–1,700/cm), amide I (1,700–1,600/cm), amide II (1,600–1,500/cm), hemicellulose, lignin (1,300–1,200/cm), and cellulose (1,155/cm). Therefore, alteration in defensive carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins contributed to generate barriers against Fusarium invasion in cassava roots, leading to lower the root rot disease severity.     

Regulation of Salicylic Acid and N-Hydroxy-Pipecolic Acid in Systemic Acquired Resistance

In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a central immune signal that is involved in both local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In addition to SA, several other chemical signals are also involved in SAR and these include N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP), a newly discovered plant metabolite that plays a crucial role in SAR. Recent discoveries have led to a better understanding of the biosynthesis of SA and NHP and their signaling during plant defense responses. Here, I review the recent progress in role of SA and NHP in SAR. In addition, I discuss how these signals cooperate with other SAR-inducing chemicals to regulate SAR.     

水杨酸在植物抗病中的作用

水杨酸是一种重要的能激活植物抗病防卫反应的内源信号分子,本文首先介绍了水杨酸的基本性质及水杨酸在植物抗病中的作用,然后从水杨酸与水杨酸结合蛋白的相互作用以及水杨酸介导的信号传导途径与非水杨酸介导的信号途径等方面初步探讨了水杨酸诱导植物抗病性的作用机制,最后总结了研究水杨酸作用机制对植物抗性生理和抗性分子生物学发展的意义。     

丁香精油对冷藏冬枣果实腐烂及诱导抗病相关酶活性的影响

对不同浓度丁香精油处理冬枣果实在0℃贮藏期间(60d)及藏后25℃货架期(5d)的果实腐烂率、诱导抗病相关酶活性和总酚含量的变化特征进行分析,以探索丁香精油抑制冬枣果实腐烂与抗病性诱导的关系。结果表明:丁香精油处理能有效抑制冬枣贮藏期果实腐烂的发生,提高其苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,诱导总酚含量的增加。经丁香精油处理冬枣果实在贮藏60d后25℃货架期5d时的腐烂指数得到明显下降,同时保持了较高的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性和总酚含量,并以0.50%丁香精油处理的效果最显著,其贮藏后货架期的果实腐烂指数较对照下降了45.5%。可见,丁香精油抑制贮藏冬枣果实的腐烂与抗病相关酶活性的升高密切相关,抗病性诱导是丁香精油处理抑制冬枣采后果实腐烂的重要原因之一。     

苜蓿叶片水杨酸含量与其蓟马抗性的关系

采用不同抗蓟马特性的苜蓿品系,于不同蓟马虫口密度下测定苜蓿水杨酸含量和虫害程度,以明确苜蓿叶片水杨酸含量与其抗蓟马特性的关系.结果表明,苜蓿叶片游离态、结合态水杨酸含量均与苜蓿抗蓟马特性密切相关;高抗品系(抗蓟马品系)的水杨酸初始含量(0.539 mg·g-1)高于低抗品系(0.403 mg·g-1);与较低抗品系相比,高抗品系受害器官(叶)水杨酸含量随虫口密度和危害点面积的增大而增加相对缓慢,而随危害指数的增大而增加较快(3.84倍).可见,水杨酸主要是间接增强苜蓿对蓟马的抗性;高抗蓟马苜蓿品系能通过快速获得较高水杨酸含量来阻碍被危害伤口的扩大,降低其受危害程度,促使自身产量和品质提高.