盐酸奥布卡因凝胶在宫内置环术中的应用价值

目的:探讨盐酸奥布卡因凝胶在宫内置环术中的扩宫效果及IUD放置质量.方法:对进行宫内置环手术的80例患者进行宫颈部位的表面麻醉.结果:盐酸奥布卡因凝胶表面麻醉下行宫颈置环术,能有效松弛宫颈,减少宫内手术时间,缓解疼痛,提高IUD放置质量.结论:盐酸奥布卡因凝胶对宫颈松弛、麻醉止痛作用明显,有效减少手术者痛苦,提高IUD放置质量,且使用方法简单,安全,效果好,患者易于接受,术者易掌握,能明显缩短手术时间,减少因放置IUD引发的并发症.     

经鼻型肠梗阻导管应用进展

肠梗阻是外科常见的急腹症之一,引起复杂的全身病理生理变化,治疗不及时可导致肠坏死、穿孔、弥漫性腹膜炎和休克等,严重时可危及患者的生命,死亡率较高。近年来,经鼻型肠梗阻导管越来越多应用于治疗肠梗阻。特别是应用小肠梗阻时,导管减压能够迅速减轻肠梗阻症状,部分肠梗阻可以解除并治愈。导管造影可以初步判明梗阻部位、程度及梗阻病因,对小肠梗阻的定性定位诊断有较高的临床应用价值。     

经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗腹部术后粘连性肠梗阻的效果

目的分析经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗腹部术后粘连性肠梗阻的临床效果。方法对27例腹部术后粘连性肠梗阻实施经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果本组总有效率96.30%(26/27),1例无效转手术治疗后痊愈。患者均获随访6个月,无复发病例。结论经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗术后粘连性肠梗阻创伤小,临床治愈率高。     

经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗老年术后粘连性肠梗阻的体会

目的总结经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗老年术后粘连性肠梗阻的体会。方法将68例老年术后粘连性肠梗阻患者随机分为2组,各34例。对照组置入鼻胃管胃肠减压术,观察组实施经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术。比较2组患者每日胃肠减压量,腹胀症状缓解时间,肛门恢复排气、排便时间,气液平面消失时间及治疗总有效率。结果观察组每日胃肠减压量显著多于对照组,腹胀症状缓解时间及肛门恢复排气、排便时间和气液平面消失时间均显著短于对照组,治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗老年术后粘连性肠梗阻,临床症状缓解时间短,治疗总有效率高。     

内镜下经鼻型肠梗阻导管在粘连性肠梗阻中的应用

目的探讨内镜下经鼻型肠梗阻导管在治疗粘连性肠梗阻中的应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2012年9月至2013年9月吉林大学中日联谊医院收治的粘连性肠梗阻患者30例,其中15例在术前行肠梗阻导管肠减压治疗,术中行肠梗阻导管小肠内支架排列,作为观察组;另外15例术前行胃肠减压治疗,术中未进行肠排列,仅应用防粘连材料,作为对照组。分别对比两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后住院时间、术后再次出现肠梗阻的概率等,观察其临床疗效。 结果观察组的术后排气时间(1.52 ± 0.87)d,术后2年内复发概率6.7%;对照组的术后排气时间(2.63 ± 0.59)d,术后2年内复发概率40.0%。两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),但是在术后排气时间及术后2年内复发概率上,观察组明显优于对照组[(1.52 ± 0.87)d vs (2.63 ± 0.59) d (P＝0.013)、1例 vs 6例(P＝0.001)]。 结论肠梗阻导管肠排列能有效的促进术后肠道功能的恢复,并预防粘连性肠梗阻的复发。     

经鼻肠梗阻导管胃肠减压在粘连性肠梗阻非手术治疗中的临床价值

目的探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管胃肠减压在粘连性肠梗阻非手术治疗中的临床价值。方法将64例接受非手术治疗的粘连性小肠梗阻患者随机分为2组,每组32例。对照组实施常规鼻胃管行胃肠减压治疗,观察组采用经鼻肠梗阻导管行胃肠减压治疗。比较2组患者腹胀、腹痛改善时间,肛门恢复排气、排便时间及X线平片示气液平面消失时间和治疗总有效率。结果观察组患者腹胀、腹痛改善时间,肛门恢复排气、排便时间及X线平片示气液平面消失时间和治疗总有效率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在粘连性小肠梗阻患者的非手术治疗中,采用经鼻肠梗阻导管行胃肠减压,对促进胃肠道功能的恢复和提升治疗效果有重要临床价值。     

经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗粘连性肠梗阻的护理

目的探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗粘连性肠梗阻的护理方法。方法对接受经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗的50例粘连性肠梗阻患者,置管前开展心理疏导、置管后密切观察病情并加强导管管理和做好营养支持、生活指导等护理措施。结果 50例患者中显效43例,有效5例,2例治疗3 d无效后经手术治疗痊愈。治疗期间均未发生导管滑脱、阻塞及非计划拔脱等不良事件。结论对接受经鼻肠梗阻导管治疗的粘连性肠梗阻患者,做好全面护理干预,可提高治疗效果,促进患者早期康复。     

术后粘连性肠梗阻应用经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术的治疗体会

目的探讨经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗术后粘连性肠梗阻的效果。方法对43例术后粘连性肠梗阻患者采取经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术,观察治疗效果。结果本组患者腹部症状缓解时间(2.08±0.46)d,恢复排气排便时间(3.65±1.96)d,气液平面消失时间(5.29±1.96)d。依据疗效评判标准本组总有效率95.35%(41/43)。结论经鼻肠梗阻导管置入术治疗术后粘连性肠梗阻,解除梗阻成功率高,症状改善明显。     

奥布卡因凝胶预防鼻内镜术后苏醒期躁动的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探讨奥布卡因凝胶预防鼻内镜术后苏醒期躁动的有效性.方法 采用前瞻性研究,选择2019年9月 ～2020年9月ASAⅠ ～Ⅱ级择期全麻鼻内镜手术80例,随机分为奥布卡因组和对照组,每组40例.奥布卡因组术前将2 ml 0.3％盐酸奥布卡因凝胶涂抹气管导管套囊及前端15 cm范围内,对照组涂抹等量生理盐水,2组均进行...     

胃镜下经鼻型肠梗阻导管安置术治疗急性肠梗阻30例

正肠梗阻是普外科常见的急腹症,其中粘连性肠梗阻发生率最高,常发生于盆腔和腹部手术后肠管粘连所致[1],以腹痛、呕吐、腹胀、肛门停止排便等为主要临床表现,诊治不及时可能会导致肠管坏死、穿孔。因此有效解除梗阻、降低肠腔内压力是治疗各类肠梗阻最有效方法之一。传统鼻胃管受制于管道短等原因,减压效果一般[2]。2013-01—2015-01间,我们应用经鼻型肠梗阻导管安置术治疗急性肠梗阻32例,取得满意疗效,现报     

肠梗阻导管减压联合肠内营养在结直肠癌性梗阻治疗中的应用研究

目的评价经肛肠梗阻导管减压联合肠内营养在急性结直肠癌性梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法 47例急性完全性梗阻性结直肠癌患者经肛门置入肠梗阻导管,42例成功置入导管,减压成功后给予肠内营养,肠内营养6～7d后手术。检测入院时、术晨的血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋水平。结果 42例患者术晨的血清前白蛋白,血清白蛋白和转铁蛋白水平,与入院时比较均有明显提高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。全部患者成功行结直肠癌Ⅰ期根治切除吻合术,术后恢复顺利,未发生严重并发症。结论经肛门置入肠梗阻导管减压联合肠内营养可以改善结直肠癌并发肠梗阻患者的术前营养状况,安全可行。     

经鼻型肠梗阻导管在肠梗阻治疗中的作用(附58例报道)

目的 探讨经鼻型肠梗阻导管在肠梗阻治疗中的作用及临床疗效.方法 回顾我院2014年1月至2015年2月期间使用经鼻型肠梗阻导管治疗肠梗阻的病人58例,总结分析其临床治疗效果.结果 所有病人经过3～25 d的肠梗阻导管治疗,共42例病人梗阻症状完全缓解;8例病人因肿瘤梗阻行手术治疗;5例因保守治疗后效果不佳行手术治疗;3例因症状完全缓解后带管进食后又再次出现肠梗阻症状行手术治疗.结论 经鼻型肠梗阻导管对于小肠梗阻及右半结肠梗阻的病人可以起到较好的减压作用,值得推荐使用.     

The operative management of gallstone ileus

INTRODUCTION

Gallstone ileus is an uncommon entity, which accounts for 1–4% of all presentations to hospital with small bowel obstruction and for up to 25% of all cases in patients over 65 years of age. Despite medical advances over the last 350 years, gallstone ileus is still associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The management of gallstone ileus remains controversial. Whilst open surgery has been the mainstay of treatment, more recently other approaches have been employed, including laparoscopic surgery and lithotripsy. However, controversy persists primarily in relation to the extent of surgery performed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A literature review was performed in an attempt to discover the optimal surgical treatment of gallstone ileus, particularly the timing of biliary surgery. Published articles were identified from the medical literature by electronic searches of Pubmed and Ovid Medline databases, using the search terms ‘gallstone ileus’, ‘gallstone/intestinal obstruction’ and ‘gallstone/bowel obstruction’. The related articles function of the search engines was also used to maximise the number of articles identified. Relevant articles were retrieved and additional articles were identified from the references cited in these articles.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The literature on gallstone ileus is composed entirely of retrospective analysis of small numbers of patients accumulated over many years. The question as to whether one stage or interval biliary surgery should be performed remains unanswered and it is unlikely that further case series will help decision making in the management of gallstone ileus. Whilst many authors conclude that enterolithotomy alone is the best option in most patients, a one-stage procedure should be considered for low-risk patients.     

鼻肠管减压及奥曲肽治疗术后早期炎症性肠梗阻的临床研究

目的 评价、比较鼻肠减压导管以及奥曲肽,在腹部手术后早期炎症性肠梗阻保守治疗中的作用.方法 2005年3月至2009年1月期间45例腹部手术后早期炎症性肠梗阻的患者,使用鼻胃管减压等常规保守治疗无效后,非随机分为肠减压导管治疗组(23例)以及奥曲肽治疗组(22例),比较两种治疗方法与常规保守治疗方法以及两种治疗方法之间的疗效差别.结果 经鼻胃管减压的常规保守治疗无效的45例患者,经过上述两种治疗方法的保守治疗,3-12 d所有患者的肠梗阻均得以缓解;与奥曲肽治疗组相比,肠减压导管治疗组的自主排气时间更短[(4.7±1.9)d比(6.7 ±1.6)d]、腹围恢复得更快[(90.4±2.0)%比(95.1±1.3)%],但累计胃肠减压量[(4037±1155)ml比(3316±1038)m1]及日均胃肠减压量[(890±181)ml比(492±83)ml均更多,两组差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 肠减压导管以及奥曲肽治疗术后早期炎症性肠梗阻安全有效,肠减压导管的治疗时间更短,奥曲肽能够降低胃肠减压量.     

Management of gallstone ileus

Background/Purpose. Gallstone ileus is an uncommon complication of cholelithiasis in the elderly with a high morbidity and mortality rate. This study aims to clarify the current surgical management. Methods/results. In a retrospective survey over the past 11 years there were 9 patients with gallstone ileus, all elderly (mean age, 77 years), among 2242 cholecystectomies (0.4%) and 243 operated small intestinal obstructions (3.7%). Urgent laparotomy confirmed gallstone obstruction and a cholecystoduodenal (89%) or cholecystocolonic (11%) fistula. The operation included enterolithotomy alone (3 high-risk cases) or plus fistula repair and cholecystectomy (6 cases). There were 3 postoperative complications including wound dehiscence, wound infection, and obstructive jaundice (morbidity, 37.5%) and 1 death due to myocardial infarction (mortality, 11%). On follow-up (mean, 5 years), 6 patients with cholecystectomy (in 1 case it was performed 2 months after the initial operation) and 1 patient with enterolithotomy alone are well; there was 1 death from an unrelated cause after 1 year. Conclusion. It seems that a one-stage procedure (enterolithotomy plus fistula repair and cholecystectomy), when feasible, should be the first choice. Enterolithotomy alone should be reserved for only unstable and difficult cases.     

经肛肠梗阻导管加肠内营养在急性左半结肠恶性梗阻性疾病的临床研究

目的探讨肠梗阻导管加肠内营养在急性左半结肠恶性梗阻性疾病治疗中的作用。方法2006年6月至2008年6月,选择17例肠梗阻患者,按入院时间分为对照组（8例）和导管组（9例）。对照组给予常规治疗方案,导管组在此基础上应用肠梗阻导管和肠内营养治疗。结果经3～5d肠梗阻导管减压和肠内营养支持治疗,8例急性肠梗阻症状均缓解,均可限期行腹腔镜一期切除和吻合,术后随访1～9个月,中位数7个月,未见吻合口漏等并发症。结论经肛门肠梗阻导管和肠内营养用于治疗急性左半结肠恶性梗阻安全有效,同时可减少肠造口和二期手术的风险。     

Gallstone ileus: One-stage surgery in a patient with intermittent obstruction

Gallstone ileus, an uncommon complication of cholelithiasis, is described as a mechanical intestinal obstruction due to impaction of one or more large gallstones within the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical presentation is variable, depending on the site of obstruction, manifested as acute, intermittent or chronic episodes. A 51-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital with 3 events of intestinal obstruction during the previous 7 d. At admission, there were clinical signs of intestinal obstruction; abdominal film demonstrated dilated bowel loops, air-fluid levels and a vague image of a stone in the inferior left quadrant. Once stabilized, a laparotomy was performed. Surgical findings were distention of the jejunum and ileum proximal to a palpable stone in the ileum as well as gallstones and a cholecystoduodenal fistula in the gallbladder. An enterolithotomy, repair of the cholecystoduodenal fistula and cholecystectomy were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. There is no uniform surgical procedure for this disease. When the patient is too ill or when biliary surgery is not advisable, an enterolithotomy is the best option. The one-stage procedure should be the offered to adequately stabilized patients when local and general conditions, such as good cardiorespiratory and metabolic reserve permit a more prolonged surgical procedure.     

经肛型肠梗阻导管在结直肠恶性梗阻中的应用

目的：探讨经肛型肠梗阻减压导管在结直肠恶性梗阻治疗中的应用价值。方法：应用经肛型肠梗阻导管对30例结肠癌伴肠梗阻患者行导管置入术,冲洗引流4～10 d后手术。结果：28例成功置入导管,成功率93.3%;2例因导丝无法通过狭窄部位,而转行急诊手术。成功的28例患者导管减压引流时间为4～10 d,平均（5.8±1.6）d。置入导管后（3.8±1.3）d患者腹痛、腹胀症状明显减轻。与入院时腹围（92.1±7.4）cm相比,手术时腹围缩小至（83.9±5.8）cm（P=0.013）。减压后96.4%（27/28）的患者行一期切除吻合,术后无吻合口瘘发生。结论：经肛型肠梗阻减压导管治疗结直肠恶性梗阻是安全、有效的,可作为治疗结直肠恶性梗阻的首选措施。     

Management and outcome of recurrent gallstone ileus: A systematic review

AIM: To help the surgeon in decision making when treating a patient with recurrent gallstone ileus (RGSI).METHODS: A systematic review related to RGSI was performed using the databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed from May 1912 to April 2015. All languages were included and the grey literature was also searched. The abstracts were explored for relevance to the topic and full texts obtained as appropriate. A manual search was carried out by scrutinising the reference lists of all the full text articles and further articles were identified and obtained. Total of 903 articles were identified, 656 were excluded after abstract review, 247 full text articles were reviewed and 91 articles selected for final analysis. There were 113 cases of RGSI.RESULTS: There were 113 cases of RGSI reported in 91 articles. The majority of the recurrences, 62.6%, occurred within 6 wk of the index event. The male to female ratio was 1:7. The mean age was 69.6 years (SD 11.2) with a range of 38-95 years. The small bowel was the commonest site of impaction (92.2%). Treatment data was available for 104 patients. The two main operations performed were: (1) Enterolithotomy without repair of biliary fistula in 70.1% of all patients with a procedural mortality rate of 16.4% (12/73) and (2) a single stage surgery approach involving enterolithotomy with cholecystectomy and repair of the biliary enteric fistula in 16.3% with a procedural mortality of 11.7% (2/17). A subset analysis over last 25 years showed mortality from eneterolithotomy was 4.8% while single stage mortality was 22.2%. Enterolithotomy alone was the commonest operation performed for RGSI with four patients (5.4%) having a further recurrence of gallstone ileus.CONCLUSION: Enterolithotomy alone or followed by a delayed two-stage treatment approach is the preferred choice offering low mortality and reduced risk of recurrence.