苯乙烯生产中含氢尾气的回收和利用

采用变压吸附法提纯苯乙烯生产中含氢尾气制取工业氢、纯氢,采用低温吸附法制取高纯氢、超纯氢。结果表明含氢尾气的回收可以创造极大的经济效益。     

用合成氨原料气生产各种规格氢气产品工艺简述

本文介绍用合成氨原料气，经膜分离、变压吸附和低温吸附分离提纯技术生产工业氢、纯氢或高纯氢，并对该工艺技术进行评述。     

变压吸附分离气体原理和工业应用

介绍变压吸附技术的基本原理、吸附剂、变压吸附装置在工业的应用,如富氢气体、炼纲厂煤气、氧化乙烯吹洗气体、空气、沼气等的吸附分离。大型变压吸附装置已运行15年以上。     

ZSM-5沸石分子筛的高压吸附储氢特性

研究了ZSM-5沸石分子筛对氢的超临界吸附特性．结果表明,在77K／5MPa、195K／7MPa、293K／7MPa条件下,ZSM-5沸石分子筛的储氢质量分数分别为1．97％、0．65％和0．4％．用Clausius-Clapeyron方程求得的等量吸附热（3．8kJ／mol）与吸附量无关,表明该分子筛是一种表面势场均匀的吸附剂．将表面过剩吸附理论与描述Ⅰ型等温线的诸理论模型结合,分析了超临界吸附等温线,发现基于Toth方程的等温线模型在整个实验范围内与实验数据吻合较好,由该模型计算出的氢吸附相密度在77K达到55．6kg／m^3．根据回归参数讨论了超临界条件下氢在微孔沸石分子筛中的吸附机理,确认了氢在微孔沸石分子筛中的吸附为物理吸附．     

变压吸附——低温分离联合制氢技术在我厂的应用

以化肥厂合成氮弛放气为原料，利用水洗、硅胶吸附干燥、分子筛吸附及氨冷凝法除去弛放气中的氨、水等杂质，然后经变压吸附－低温分离联合制氢装置生产纯氢产品，产品氢纯度〉９９．９％，高纯度产品氢的回收率可提高到９５％以上，纯氢产量约为３１３．８Ｎｍ＾３／ｈ，与变压吸附制氢相比，使得弛放气能量利用更合理，氢回收综合能耗更低。     

变压吸附－低温分离联合制氢技术在我厂的应用

以化肥厂合成氨弛放气为原料，利用水洗、硅胶吸附干燥、分子筛吸附及氨冷凝法除去弛放气中的氨、水等杂质，然后经变压吸附－低温分离联合制氢装置生产纯氢产品，产品氢纯度＞９９．９％，高纯度产品氢的回收率可提高到９５％以上，纯氢产量约为３１３．８Ｎｍ３／ｈ，与变压吸附制氢相比，使得弛放气能量利用更合理，氢回收综合能耗更低     

碱处理对5A分子筛孔结构和氢吸附行为的影响

采用SEM、EDS、BET和气相色谱等分析方法,研究了NaOH碱处理对5A分子筛显微形貌、成分、比表面积、孔容和氢吸附性能的影响。结果表明,NaOH碱处理降低了5A分子筛骨架中硅铝比,增大分子筛比表面积、孔容和平均孔径,提高了分子筛活化温度。在77K温度及100KPa压力下,碱处理5A分子筛对含0.1vol%H2/He混合气体吸附后尾气氢浓度小于1ppm,氢吸附容量为6.9ml/g。碱处理增加了5A分子筛介孔数量和比表面积及平均孔径,但因为孔径增大,吸附中心周围阳离子对H2分子的作用减弱,碱处理5A分子筛低分压氢吸附容量并无增加。     

格子理论预测氢在碳吸附剂微孔内的过剩吸附

基于Dubinin势论的修正型D-A方程,需用实验数据定义Ps,使其适用性不受到限制,而引入基于格子理论的Ono-Kondo方程,以预测超临界高压氢气在碳狭缝微孔内的过剩吸附.预测了77～298 K温度时,氢在碳吸附剂微孔内的对比过剩吸附量,并与AX-21活性碳的氢吸附实验结果、GCMC分子模拟结果作了比较.结果表明,该方程能反映出超临界流体吸附等温线的特点,并能很好地预测氢气在活性碳微孔内的吸附趋势.     

间苯三酚-甲醛气凝胶的制备及氢吸附性能研究

以间苯三酚和甲醛为前驱体制备出了间苯三酚-甲醛气凝胶(PF)及碳气凝胶(CPF),并对气凝胶的结构进行了表征;采用自动吸附仪测定了1.01×10Pa内和液氮温度下PF/CPF气凝胶的氢吸附性能.实验结果表明在该条件下PF/CPF气凝胶氢吸附等温线为第一类微孔型吸附等温线;氢吸附量质量密度分别为1.73%和2.42%,碳化能显著提高气凝胶的氢吸附性能,有望通过改善气凝胶的结构增加微孔数量来提高氢吸附量以实现实际应用.     

一种以煤为原料造气的氢气产品生产工艺概述

介绍了用煤生产的合成氨原料气，经膜分离、变压吸附和低温吸附分离提纯技术生产工业氢、纯氢或高纯氢，并对该工艺技术进行评述。     

氯化氢中的氯气在活性炭上吸附性能的研究

对活性炭吸附氯化氢中的氯气性能做了实验研究。研究结果表明采用活性炭吸附的方法,可以除去氯化氢气体中的氯气,吸附后的尾气中氯气的含量低于10×10-6,满足吸附深度的要求。压力在0.4 MPa、流量控制在400 mL/min时,分别测得了在26、8、-10、-35、-60℃下,每克活性炭吸附氯气的动态吸附量分别为:141.5、172.0、178.0、181.0、185.0 mg。     

Exploiting the Kubas Interaction in the Design of Hydrogen Storage Materials

Hydrogen adsorption and storage using solid‐state materials is an area of much current research interest, and one of the major stumbling blocks in realizing the hydrogen economy. However, no material yet researched comes close to reaching the DOE 2015 targets of 9 wt% and 80 kg m^?3 at this time. To increase the physisorption capacities of these materials, the heats of adsorption must be increased to ～20 kJ mol^?1. This can be accomplished by optimizing the material structure, creating more active species on the surface, or improving the interaction of the surface with hydrogen. The main focus of this progress report are recent advances in physisorption materials exhibiting higher heats of adsorption and better hydrogen adsorption at room temperature based on exploiting the Kubas model for hydrogen binding: (η²‐H₂)–metal interaction. Both computational approaches and synthetic achievements will be discussed. Materials exploiting the Kubas interaction represent a median on the continuum between metal hydrides and physisorption materials, and are becoming increasingly important as researchers learn more about their applications to hydrogen storage problems.     

Adsorption of Hydrogen in Graphitic Slit Pores

Molecular simulations of adsorption isotherms for hydrogen on graphite and graphitic slit pores are presented. The simulations employ the path integral isomorphism of Feynman to rigorously account for the quantum nature of the adsorbate. The isosteric heat of adsorption of para-hydrogen on planar graphite is computed from several different solid–fluid potential models and compared with experiment. The adsorption isotherm for hydrogen on the graphite basal plane was computed at 20 K and compared with experiment. Agreement with experiment is very good. Adsorption isotherms for hydrogen in slit pores of two different pore widths are computed at 20 K and compared with results from classical simulations. Quantum and classical isotherms exhibit qualitatively different behavior.     

多晶硅生产中氢气的来源与净化

简述了多晶硅生产过程中氢气的几个来源,并比较了采用电解、裂解或工业尾气净化回收氢气作为多晶硅生产补充氢气来源的技术、经济性。提出了采用特定吸附剂,变压吸附净化回收可重复利用氢气的新方法。对比了几种氢气的净化回收技术的优势,认为采用变压吸附（PSA）氢气净化工艺过程最优,能耗最低,经济效益最好。     

Molecular Simulation of Hydrogen Adsorption Density in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Multilayer Adsorption Mechanism

The adsorption of hydrogen onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) sim'lation. It was found that the hydrogen molecules distribute regularly inside and outside of the tube. Density distribution was computed for H2 molecule. Theoretical analysis of the result showed the multilayer adsorption mechanism of SWCNTs. The storage of H2 in SWCNTs is computed, which provides essential theoretical reference for further study of hydrogen adsorption in SWCNTs.     

Hydrogen Adsorption Isotherms: Modelling of Experimental Data

Adsorption isotherm measurements have shown deviations from classical theories in the past, leading to the inclusion of more complex effects into adsorption theory. We demonstrate here that in the case of hydrogen adsorption above the triple point measured by surface plasmon spectroscopy the main deviation is related to the measurement method itself. Modelling of the experimental data shows good agreement with the classical theoretical expectations, without the need of additional contributions.     

压电材料对含铂活性炭氢气吸附性能的影响

用机械混合法制备含有不同质量分数铂的活性炭,研究了压电材料PMN-PT产生的电荷对含铂活性炭氢气吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在高压氢气条件下PMN-PT产生的电荷能增强铂和活性炭颗粒对氢气分子的吸附,并加速氢气分子的解离和氢原子的扩散,使含铂活性炭的储氢量明显提高。铂产生的氢溢流作用有效地提高了活性炭的氢气吸附量。在室温和8 MPa氢气压力条件下PMN-PT使活性炭(NAC)氢气吸附量产生的增长幅度为15%,使含有质量分数0.83%、1%和1.25%铂的活性炭氢气吸附量增长的幅度分别为36.5%、39.3%和43.9%。