SiO_2微粉对水泥结合刚玉质浇注料中低温化学键变化的影响

以电熔棕刚玉(8~5、5~3、3~1 mm)和电熔白刚玉(≤1、≤0.045 mm)为主要原料,添加α-Al2O3微粉和SiO2微粉制备铝酸钙水泥结合刚玉质浇注料,研究了经110、800和1 000℃热处理后含5%(w)Si O2微粉和不含SiO2微粉浇注料基质中化学键变化与浇注料强度的关系。采用XPS和FTIR研究Si O2微粉与水泥水化产物经110℃烘干和800℃热处理后的化学键变化。结果表明,经110和800℃热处理后,SiO2微粉和水泥水化物之间形成了Si—O—Al结合键。因此,在110~800℃,含Si O2微粉的铝酸钙水泥结合浇注料的强度较高的原因是Si O2微粉与水泥水化物之间形成了Si—O—Al化学键。     

低水泥浇注料的老化

本文将论述对低水泥浇注料料化的研究,并以此确定浇注料的贮存条件和实际浇注性能之间的关系。     

纯铝酸钙水泥对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料性能的影响

以板状刚玉为骨料,电熔白刚玉、电熔尖晶石、Al2O3微粉和纯铝酸钙水泥(Secar71)为基质,研究了纯铝酸钙水泥加入量对刚玉-尖晶石浇注料常温性能、高温强度和抗热震性能的影响.用X射线衍射仪分析了材料的物相组成.结果表明: 随纯铝酸钙水泥加入的增加,烧后试样的抗折强度先增加后降低.1600 ℃烧后试样的热态强度在600～1000 ℃时变化不大,1000 ℃后快速下降.随纯铝酸钙水泥含量的增加,热震后试样的残余抗折强度和残余抗折强度保持率增加,抗热震性有所改善;纯铝酸钙水泥对浇注料的性能有显著的影响,主要与水泥中的CaO与Al2O3之间的反应产物有关.     

高铝质低水泥和超低水泥浇注料

对含90％高铝骨科、10％不同水泥的5种试样进行了探讨，以便确定低水泥浇注料和超低水泥浇注料工艺。本文就高铝水泥及氧化铝微粉／二氧化硅微粉比率的变化对1400℃烧前、烧后水合浇注料物理和热机械性能所产生的影响进行了研究。根据X—射线衍射和扫描电镜性能特征，按照固相成分和显微结构对实验结果进行了探讨。     

α-Al2O3微粉和水泥对刚玉质自流浇注料性能的影响

研究了α-Al2O3微粉和纯铝酸钙水泥的加入量对刚玉质自流浇注料性能的影响.结果表明α-Al2O3微粉和水泥的加入量分别为6%和4%(质量分数,下同)时,基质料泥浆具有较低的粘度,可获得低加水量(4.5%)、高流动度(105%)、性能良好的刚玉质自流浇注料.     

SiO_2微粉加入量对ρ-Al_2O_3微粉结合刚玉浇注料的影响

在ρ-Al2O3微粉结合刚玉浇注料中分别加入2%和5%的SiO2微粉,制成40 mm×40 mm×160 mm的试样,分别经110℃24 h、1 200 ℃ 3 h和1 500℃3 h热处理后,测定试样的常温抗折强度;在上述配比的基础上去掉其中的骨料,制成15 mm×15 mm×55 mm的基质试样,分别经110℃24 h、1 200℃1 h和1 500℃1 h热处理后,采用扫描电镜分析试样的显微结构.结果表明:1)加入SiO2微粉可以显著提高ρ-Al2O3微粉结合刚玉浇注料在110℃24 h、1 200℃3 h和1 500℃3 h条件下热处理后的常温抗折强度,SiO2微粉加入量以2%(w)为佳;2)SiO2微粉水化后形成网状絮凝结构以及在中高温处理过程中SiO2微粉与ρ-Al2O3微粉反应生成莫来石,是导致含SiO2微粉的ρ-Al2O3微粉结合刚玉浇注料常温抗折强度增大的原因.     

低水泥自流耐火浇注料

简述了加有ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３微粉的高铝质低水泥自流浇注料中所涉及的化学过程。研究了ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３微粉、高铝水泥含量、加水量对低水泥耐火浇注料物理性能的影响。讨论了分散剂、促凝剂、延迟硬化剂在低水泥自流耐火浇注料中的作用。     

分散剂对无SiO_2微粉刚玉质浇注料性能的影响

为了优化刚玉质浇注料的性能,在以纯铝酸盐水泥结合的刚玉质浇注料中加入不同分散剂,系统研究了不同分散剂对浇注料基质浆体动电特性、流变特性以及对浇注料常规物理性能的影响。结果表明,加入4种分散剂的基质浆体的Zeta电位绝对值均较低,且加入高分子聚合物型分散剂浆体的Zeta电位绝对值比加入聚电解质型分散剂浆体的更低;4种分散剂均能显著降低基质浆体的表观黏度,其最佳加入量分别为0.2%、0.7%、0.6%和0.7%;加入分散剂FS10的刚玉质浇注料的需水量最低,且试样的各项物理性能都较优。     

SiO2微粉加入量对刚玉质超低水泥浇注料高温性能的影响

研究了SiO2微粉加入量为0、2%、4%、6%和8%时对刚玉质超低水泥浇注料的烧结性能、高温强度及抗热震性能的影响.结果表明随着SiO2微粉加入量的增加,试样的烧结性能和抗热震性得到明显改善,在1400℃时的高温抗折强度也显著提高.讨论认为,试样高温性能提高的主要原因是SiO2微粉与Al2O3反应生成的莫来石穿插或弥散在刚玉颗粒形成的骨架结构的孔隙中起增韧作用.     

SiO_2微粉结合镁质浇注料的基质组成与抗渣性能

借助XRD、SEM和相图分析对SiO2 微粉结合镁质浇注料的基质组成与抗渣性能的关系进行了研究。结果表明 :随着SiO2 微粉加入量的增加 ,镁质浇注料的抗渣渗透性提高 ,因为生成的液相中SiO2 增多 ,粘度提高 ;当SiO2 微粉加入量为3%时 ,可得到较理想的基质 ,此时试样的显气孔率较低 ,组成合理 ,抗侵蚀指数最小 ;SiO2 微粉加入量过小 ,耐火材料中液相出现的温度较低 ;SiO2 微粉加入量过大 ,则在渣蚀后的耐火材料中生成过多的液相及低熔点化合物     

铝酸钙水泥对刚玉基浇注料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉颗粒及细粉为主要原料,α-Al2O3微粉、铝酸钙水泥以及Alphabond300为结合系统,研究了铝酸钙水泥加入量(质量分数分别为0、0.75%、2.25%和3.75%)对刚玉基浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:1)水泥的加入使浇注料基质的粘度增大,浇注料的流动性降低。2)随着水泥加入量的增加,110℃以及800℃处理后的冷、热态抗折强度均逐渐提高;1 100℃、1 400℃和1 600℃烧后的冷、热态强度均先降低后升高,其中水泥加入量(质量分数,下同)为0.75%时值最小。3)随着水泥含量的增加,浇注料抗热震性提高。4)少量水泥的加入使浇注料的抗渣性能降低,进一步增加水泥加入量,浇注料的抗渣性能逐步改善;在本试验范围内,水泥加入量为3.75%的浇注料和不含水泥的浇注料抗渣性能基本相当。     

Preparation of calcium aluminate cement by combustion synthesis and application for corundum‐based castables

Calcium aluminate cement was prepared by combustion synthesis with CaO₂, Al, and Al₂O₃ as raw materials. The effects of CaO/Al₂O₃ (C/A) molar ratios in raw materials on the phase compositions and morphologies of calcium aluminate were investigated in detail. It was found that when the C/A reduced from 1.1 to 0.74, the content of CaO·2Al₂O₃ (CA₂) in products increased, whereas contents of CaO·Al₂O₃ (CA) and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃ (C₁₂A₇) decreased; when the C/A was 0.8, the phase composition of product (CS71) was equal to that of Secar71. Additionally, the crystallines of CA and CA₂ in the product were reduced when the C/A molar ratio was decreased. And then, the bulk density, apparent porosity, permanent linear change, cold crushing strength (CCS), and cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) of the corundum‐based castables bonded with CS71, Secar7 were compared. The castables bonded with CS71 demonstrate obviously improved CCS, CMOR, and volume stability.     

One-step synthesis of in-situ carbon-containing calcium aluminate cement as binders for refractory castables

In-situ carbon-containing calcium aluminate cement (CCAC) was synthesized through carbon-bed sintering with calcium citrate tetrahydrate and Al₂O₃ as raw materials. The synthesized product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and infrared carbon–sulfur analysis. The results show that after sintering at 1500?°C for 4?h, the phase compositions of the product approached that of the commercial cement Secar71. The in-situ carbons in the product had partially graphitized domains and porous structures, were uniformly embedded in calcium aluminate, and the carbon content of the product was 1.45%. The floating ratios and oxidation ratios of the CCAC were lower than those of carbon back/Secar71 (S71CB) composite powders, implying that the water dispersion and oxidation resistance of CCAC were improved. Furthermore, the cold crushing strength (CCS), and cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) of the corundum-based castables bonded with CCAC, and S71CB, respectively, were compared. The CCS and CMOR values of the castables bonded with CCAC after being fired at 1100?°C for 3?h are higher by 20% and 21%, respectively, than those of the castables bonded with S71CB, suggesting that CCAC can be applied as a promising binder for the refractory castables.     

水泥和水合氧化铝对铝镁浇注料性能的影响

固定电熔白刚玉、电熔镁砂粉、αAl2O3微粉、SiO2微粉等原料的含量不变,分别加入不同量的水合氧化铝和纯铝酸钙水泥作结合剂(ρAl2O3加入量为2%、3%和4%,水泥加入量为3%、5%和7%),对比研究了水泥结合和水合氧化铝结合铝镁浇注料的显气孔率、体积密度、耐压强度、抗折强度、抗热震性和抗渣性能。结果表明:与水泥结合铝镁浇注料相比较,水合氧化铝结合浇注料具有更好的抗热震性、抗渣侵蚀和渗透性能;水合氧化铝在浇注料中的合适加入量为3%;水泥结合铝镁浇注料具有较高的常温强度,但其抗渣侵蚀和渗透性能随着水泥含量的增加而逐渐降低。     

水泥加入量对刚玉浇注料性能的影响

讨论了使用电熔白刚玉做骨、粉料,纯铝酸钙水泥作结合剂时,纯铝酸钙水泥加入量对制品性能的影响。结果表明,刚玉浇注料的重烧膨胀是由于刚玉与水泥发生反应生成了密度较低的CA6。     

The role of hydraulic binders on magnesia containing refractory castables: Calcium aluminate cement and hydratable alumina

Previous work by the authors has shown that the effects of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and hydratable alumina (HA) can modify the magnesia hydration behavior in aqueous suspensions. As a consequence of these studies, the present paper highlights how varying the content of these binders can affect magnesia hydration in refractory castables using pH, apparent volumetric expansion, mechanical strength and porosity measurements and hydration–dehydration tests. Furthermore, as mechanical strength, porosity and refractoriness also play an important role in these materials, binder-free, magnesia-free and magnesia-and-binder-free samples were also tested as references. It was found that the deleterious effects of magnesia hydration can be greatly minimized by the binder and its selection content.     

Improved corrosion resistance of Al2O3-SiC-C castables through in situ carbon containing aluminate cement as binder

Slag corrosion is one of the main damage modes for refractory castables used in iron and steel metallurgy. The matrix plays vital roles for corrosion resistance of refractory castables. In the present paper, the properties of the Al₂O₃-SiC-C-based trough castables with in situ carbon containing calcium aluminate cement (CCAC) and ball pitch as carbon sources, respectively, were comparatively investigated. The microstructures of the trough castables after corrosion were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that after being corroded at 1450°C for 3 hours, the corrosion depth of Al₂O₃-SiC-C-castables with CCAC as binder (A2) was 1.2 mm, 65.71% lower than that of the trough castables with ball pitch as carbon source (A1), though the content of carbon materials in the former was much lower than that of the latter. The reasons for these observations were that the in situ carbon materials of CCAC exhibit improved distribution in the matrices of castables and excellent oxidation resistance, resulting in lower porosity within the castables, and hindered the penetration of the molten slag at high temperatures. In addition, the Al₂O₃-SiC-C-castables bonded by CCAC displayed good mechanical properties at room temperature and elevated temperature.     

One-step synthesis of in situ nanocarbon-containing calcium aluminate cement in reducing atmosphere

In order to overcome the problems caused by poor water wettability/dispersion and oxidation resistance of carbons for improving properties of carbon-containing refractory castables, we prepare in situ nanocarbon-containing cement through the carbon-bed sintering method with calcium citrate tetrahydrate (CCT, C₁₂H₁₀Ca₃O₁₄ · 4H₂O) and Al₂O₃ as raw materials, and FeCl₃ as a catalyst. In this paper, the carbonization process of CCT was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with a FTIR. In addition, the synthesized cement was characterized through XRD, Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the in situ carbon was generated through carbonization of calcium aconitic acid which was generated by pyrolysis of CCT, accompanying with overflowing of H₂O, CO₂, CO, and CH₄. Interestingly, as the sintering temperature increases, the freshly generated carbons were transformed into nanofiber and nanoflake carbons under the action of Fe catalyst. After sintering at 1500°C for 4 hours, the phase compositions of the synthesized product approached to that of the commercial cement Secar71, and the in situ carbons with nanofiber and nanoflake morphologies dispersed in calcium aluminate grains.     

加入造粒石墨对低水泥氧化铝基浇注料性能的影响

分别采用成型后造粒(A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ)以及直接造粒(A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ)两种不同的方法对天然鳞片石墨进行处理。研究了这两种造粒石墨的加入对低水泥氧化铝基浇注料物理性能、抗氧化性能以及抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:1)石墨含量较低、热处理温度较低(110℃)时,含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ的试样的常温抗折强度、耐压强度均优于含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ的试样的;2)石墨含量较高、热处理温度较高(1 500℃)时,含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ的试样的常温抗折强度、耐压强度则不如含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ的试样的;3)含同种造粒石墨的试样,其石墨含量越低,抗氧化性能越好;4)石墨含量对含A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ试样的抗渣侵蚀性影响较大,浇注料中引入A l2O3-C造粒Ⅱ比引入A l2O3-C造粒Ⅰ更有利于改善试样抗渣侵蚀性。