修正振幅调制的光电混合圆谐联合变换相关器作旋转不变的目标检测

提出一种修正振幅调制的光电混合圆谐联合变换相关器作旋转不变的目标检测的实验系统。参考图像（即圆谐展开分量的实部和虚部）、圆盘状的局部偏置函数以及目标图像同时显示于输入面。此方法对联合功率谱作了修正,先将联合功率谱减去纯输入景物（含局部偏置函数）的功率谱和参考图像（含局部偏置函数）的功率谱,再加上局部偏置函数的功率谱,然后将所得修正的联合功率谱乘以振幅调制滤波函数。这种方法能产生比普通的圆谐联合变换     

Rotation invariant Target Detection Using a Hybrid Optical Circular Harmonic Joint Transform Correlator with DC Bias

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多目标识别的联合变换相关器的研究

提出了一种可用于多目标识别的联合变换相关器。为改善相关信号的性能,对功率谱作了优化处理。为消除相关面上的零级项和目标间的相关项,可用联合功率谱减去纯目标输入的功率谱和参考图像的功率谱;为增强和锐化相关峰,将相减的功率谱作指数函数滤波处理。分析了指数滤波参数对相关结果的影响。计算机模拟结果表明,这种相关器所输出的相关信号比经典联合变换相关器和二元联合变换相关器输出的相关信号更好,互相关得到了抑制,自相关得到了增强,具有很好的抗噪能力。     

Performance of an image-encrypted joint transform correlator for pattern recognition

An image-encrypted joint transform correlator for pattern recognition is proposed and evaluated. The correlator performs twofold correlation for recognizing the primary image and cipher, and the encrypting cipher acts to enhance or inhibit the correlation peak if the cipher is correctly input. By incorporating the original image with an appropriate cipher, the correlator achieves better pattern discrimination and is robust against distortion. Simulation results show that the pixel number and the cell size of cipher affect the characteristics of the correlator.     

空变菲涅耳联合变换相关器

提出了菲涅耳联合变换相关器(Fresnel Joint Transform Correlator,FnJTC)结构,给出了数学推导过程,并通过计算机模拟验证了可行性及其与传统相关器所不同的相关特性。在相关过程第一阶段中,菲涅耳联合变换相关器对输入的联合图像作菲涅耳变换,代替了传统联合变换相关器(JTC)的傅里叶变换。与传统相关器相比,菲涅耳联合变换相关器是空变系统,相关峰值依赖于输入参考图像与目标图像的相似性、两图像之间的相对位置及参考图像(或目标图像)的线性相位调制。     

Invariant Joint Transform CorrelatorⅠ: Mapping Filter

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联合变换实现子波变换的理论分析

首次提出联合变换相关的概念,把Ｈａａｒ子波和Ｒｏｂｅｒｔｓ滤波器分别与目标图像一起作为联合图像,实现对目标图像的子波变换,提取出目标的角、边及边沿增强等特征,并设计了一套由计算机控制的光学联合子波变换系统,可实现对目标“真实”的光学子波变换,还给出了数值模拟结果。     

Binary phase only filters for rotation and scale invariant pattern recognition with the joint transform correlator

The joint transform correlator (JTC) is one of the two main optical image processing architecture which provides a highly effective way of comparing images in a wide range of applications. Traditionally, an optical correlator is used to compare an unknown input scene with a pre-captured reference image library, to detect if the reference occurs within the input. Strength of the correlation signal decreases rapidly as the input object rotates or varies in scale relative to the reference object. The aim of this paper is to overcome the intolerance of the JTC to rotation and scale changes in the target image. Many JTC systems are constructed with the use of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial light modulators (SLMs) as they provide fast two-dimensional binary modulation of coherent light. Due to the binary nature of the FLC SLMs used in the JTC systems, any image addressed to the device need to have some form of thresholding. Carefully thresholding the grey scale input plane and the joint power spectrum (JPS) has significant effect on the quality of correlation peaks and zero order (DC) noise. A new thresholding technique to binarise the JPS has been developed and implemented optically. This algorithm selectively enhances the desirable fringes in the JPS which provide correlation peaks of higher intensity. Zero order noise is further reduced when compared to existing thresholding techniques.Keeping in mind the architecture of the JTC and limitations of FLC SLMs, a new technique to design rotation and scale invariant binary phase only filters for the JTC architecture is presented. Filers design with this technique have limited dynamic range, higher discriminability among target and non-target objects, and convenience for implementation on FLC SLMs. Simulation and experiments shows excellent results of various rotation and scale invariant filters designed with this technique. A rotation invariant filter is needed for various machine vision applications of the JTC. By fixing the distance between camera and input object, the scale sensitivity of the correlator can be avoided. In contrast to the industrial machine vision applications, scale factor is very important factor for the applications of the JTC systems in defence and security. A security system using a scale invariant JTC will be able to detect a target object well in advance and will provide more time to take a decision.     

使用振幅调制和功率谱相减的联合变换相关器作多目标检测

提出一种使用振幅调制和功率谱相减的联合变换相关器作多目标检测，这一方法对联合功率谱作了修正，先将联合功率谱减去纯输入景物的功率谱和参考图象的功率谱，再将所得修正的联合功率谱乘以振幅调制滤波函数。分析和量化了输入景物噪声对联合变换相关器性能的影响。这种方法比条纹调节的联合变换相关器和修正的条纹调节的联合变换相关器能产生更好的相关输出和适应输入景物噪声的能力。     

用于指纹识别的基于离散余弦变换的二值化联合变换相关器

提出了一种利用离散斜弦变换对联合功率谱进行处理的二值化联合变换相关算法,利用这种二值联合变换相关器,进行了一个待识别指纹同四个参考指纹的比较,这种相关器同采用局部中值阈值技术的二值化联合变换相关器相比,能提高输出峰边比,提高相关峰的强度。光电混合处理实验的结果表明,这种方法能大大提高多指纹识别系统的识别性能。     

Effect of dynamic range input image on performance of binary subtracted joint transform correlator

A demand for the dynamic range of input images in the binary subtracted joint transform correlator was studied by computer simulations using input scenes containing multiple halftone images of human faces. To realize good discriminability the correlator requires use of an image-conversion subsystem with a dynamic range larger than 50:1 and 16:1 in amplitude for input scenes having (1) a reference image and many target images and (2) a target image and many reference images, respectively.     

基于输入面形态学处理的联合变换相关器研究

为增强联合变换相关器输入面图像去噪和边缘检测的可调节性,改善相关器的识别效果,将形态学算法引入输入面图像去噪和边缘检测,提出利用形态学边缘检测的宽度可调节性来改善联合变换相关器的识别效果。计算机模拟表明,改进后的算法是有效的。     

基于KNSBN:Cu晶体的光折变联合变换相关器

给出基于KNSBN:Cu晶体的光折变二波耦合联合变换相关器(TBJTC).以KNSBN:Cu晶体作为平方律转换器,将强度较大且携带参考图象和待识别图象联合频谱的信号光波与一强度较弱的相干平面参考光波同时输入于KNSBN:Cu晶体,通过光折变二波耦合过程的非线性能量转移,实现功率谱转换,进而实现相关识别.理论分析和实验结果表明,除输入输出外,该光学相关器无需CCD、LCLV等器件和相应的数字处理,是一个全光光学相关器.     

联合变换相关器形态学处理可调节性研究

为改善联合变换相关器的实际识别效果,将形态学算法引入输入面图象边缘检测,提出利用形态学边缘检测的宽度可调节性来改善联合变换相关器的实际识别效果,实验表明,改进后的算法使相关器既有足够的光强,又有较高的鉴别率.     

Performances of an all-optical subtracted joint transform correlator that uses a photorefractive crystal

An all-optical subtracted joint transform correlator (JTC) was proposed and it was experimentally shown that the correlator successfully performs the pattern recognition with the number of reference patterns. In the correlator, an optical interferometer was introduced to remove the additional correlation signals between the reference patterns themselves from the output plane and a photorefractive crystal was also introduced to record the joint power spectra as volume holograms. The processing for removing the additional correlation signals was performed by the parallel computations in the interferometer in real time. In this study it has been found that the correlator yields significantly better correlation results than the classical joint transform correlator does and the recording of the volume hologram corresponds to a nonlinear processing of the joint power spectrum in the fringe-adjusted joint transform correlator. However the volume hologram has angular selectivity for matching the Bragg condition. It would restrict the shift-invariant area of the input image plane. This restriction has been investigated experimentally.     

基于微分滤波的联合变换相关

分析了微分滤波对联合变换功率谱的影响，得到了一种称之为功率谱形式的微分滤波器，该滤波器的滤波函数为一实数并且有一定的特点，因此很容易制得，计算机模拟表明，功率谱微分滤波联合变换相关器在相关峰值，旁瓣比，半宽度等方面比一般联合变换相关器有显著的改善，可以大大提高相关图像识别的可靠性，文中给出了实验结果，与模拟计算结果吻合，引入一个新参数可以更好地描述相关图像识别中的相关性。     

Multitarget Detection Using a Fringe adjusted and Power Spectrum Subtracted Hybrid Optical Joint Transform Correlator

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激光诱导液晶定向研究

Multiple target detection using a fringe-adjusted and power spectrum subtracted joint transform correlator is proposed. The best factor of the filter to deliver the best correlation output performance is found through computer simulation tests and the result is verified by a programmable single spatial light modulator joint transform correlator. The technique is found to deliver a better correlation output and the capacity to accommodate noise in the input scene than the classical, the previous fringe adjusted and modified fringe adjusted joint transform correlators.     

位相调制的实时联合变换相关器

提出一种位相调制的实时联合变换相关器。它采用液晶显示屏作为输入器件，用液晶光阀记录和显示联合功率谱。利用液晶显示屏上的光栅状结构的衍射级，提高光能的利用率，并充分利用液晶光阀的有效使用面积。采用成像透镜放大各衍射级的联合频谱，适应液晶光阀较低的分辨率要求。在相关器的光路中插入两块倾斜的平行平面玻璃板，以改变各衍射级的参考图像和目标图像之间的位相差。这种方法可产生比传统的实时联合变换相关器更好的输出相关性能。实验结果证实了该系统设计及性能分析的正确性     

Image displacement based on phase-encoded reference joint fractional transform correlator

In order to utilize the space of an input plane efficiently and make the optical structure more flexible, an image displacement measurement based on phase-encoded reference joint fractional transform correlator (PER-JFrTC) is proposed. We use a random phase mask to encode the reference image and overlay it with the target image forming the input image. Joint power spectrum (JPS) of the input image is obtained by Fourier transform and the resultant is encoded by the same phase mask. Then a fractional Fourier transform with an order p is applied to the phase-encoded JPS (PJPS), resulting in a correlation output with a sharp cross-correlation peak, which includes the displacement information between the reference and the target image. Contrast to displacement measurement based on traditional joint transform correlator (JTC), PER-JFrTC can use the space of the input plane efficiently and reduces the influence of the auto-correlation. Also the position of cross-correlation peak can be fixed arbitrarily according to the fractional order p as well as the optical set-up can be more flexible and easier to implement. Results based on digital computation show that PER-JFrTC could detect the displacement accurately and verify our proposal. A possible optical set-up is suggested.