MCMC对聚氨酯膜防水透湿性能的影响

在用湿法生产高档防水透湿织物时 ,为了改善成品的性能 ,降低成本 ,经常要在涂覆液中添加一定量的木粉、纸浆、纤维等产品。为了提高该产品透湿防水性能 ,利用改性羧甲基纤维素 (MCMC)作为添加剂 ,制成PU膜 ,并利用PMI孔径仪、透湿仪等仪器对PU膜进行性能测试 ,探讨了MCMC对PU膜防水透湿性能的影响。     

聚氨酯转移涂层织物的透湿防水性能

 利用亲水和非亲水性聚氨酯(PU)树脂,经一定的工艺加工成聚氨酯转移涂层织物。测量与分析了织物孔径结构、接触角、透湿量以及耐静水压等参数。结果表明,采用非亲水性PU树脂的涂层织物,仅有微孔透湿,透湿率低,但防水性好;而亲水性PU涂层织物,既有以水蒸气和液态水形式通过“溶解—扩散—吸附”传递;又有通过微孔质扩散,故该类亲水性PU涂层织物具有很好的透湿性能,但防水性不足,达不到PU涂层织物透湿性与防水性和谐统一的要求。     

丝素/聚氨酯防水透湿涂层剂的制备及其应用

为改善涂层织物的防水透湿性能,采用丝素共混改性水性聚氨酯,制备了丝素/聚氨酯复合涂层剂,用于涤纶织物的涂层整理.利用红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析对丝素/聚氨酯共混膜的结构、性能进行表征,研究了丝素粒径及其质量分数对涂层防水透湿性能的影响.结果表明:丝素与聚氨酯之间存在着氢键作用,丝素的加入提高了聚氨酯体系的热稳定性.当粒径为5 μm的丝素粉体质量分数为20％时,涂层织物的透湿量达到3000 g/m2.d-1以上,静水压值保持在3000 Pa以上.与单一聚氨酯涂层整理的织物相比,丝素改性聚氨酯涂层整理织物的透湿性得到显著改善,且具有良好的耐洗性和断裂强力.     

多功能聚氨酯涂层织物的制备及性能

采用聚氨酯(PU)树脂溶液添加到适量的壳聚糖溶液中,同时调整粘度至所需涂布的粘度,经转移涂层工艺加工成PU涂层织物。通过透湿、耐静水压等仪器对PU涂层织物的透湿量、耐静水压以及抗菌性能进行测试与分析。结果表明,壳聚糖对涂层织物耐静水压有一定影响,较好地改善了PU涂层织物的透湿性能,并赋予PU涂层织物抗菌性能,从而实现防水、透湿和抗菌三效合一的多功能产品。     

超细羊毛粉体对聚氨酯膜防水透湿性的影响

为了提高聚氨酯膜的防水透湿性,尝试用自制的超细羊毛粉体来填充改性聚氨酯,并对改性的聚氨酯膜进行性能测试,探讨超细羊毛粉体的加入对聚氨酯膜防水透湿性能的影响。     

防水透湿PU膜层压复合机织物的性能研究

以涤纶机织物、热熔胶TPU(热塑性聚氨酯)弹性体和高透PU(聚氨酯)膜为基材,采用层压复合的方法制备防水透湿复合织物,测试涤纶机织物、高透PU膜及复合织物的拉伸、悬垂、透气及防水透湿性能,讨论不同TPU用量、温度及复合压力对复合织物各项性能的影响。研究结果表明:涤纶机织物与PU膜复合后,在一定程度上能提高复合织物的拉伸断裂强力,但悬垂性比涤纶机织物有所降低,防水效果明显比涤纶机织物要好,透湿、透气效果比高透PU膜要小。当TPU用量为22 g/m2,复合压力为5MPa,复合温度为80℃时,复合织物的复合效果最好。     

热诱导熔接聚氨酯/聚二甲基硅氧烷防水透湿膜的制备及其性能优化

为提高纳米纤维膜的防水、透湿和力学性能,在聚氨酯(PU)纺丝液中添加无氟疏水剂聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),采用静电纺丝法制备静电纺PU/PDMS防水透湿膜,并在此基材上采用静电喷雾法沉积PU/PDMS微球制备静电喷雾PU/PDMS防水透湿膜;利用热诱导工艺分别对静电纺PU/PDMS和静电喷雾PU/PDMS防水透湿膜进行热处理改性,研究了热处理温度和时间对其形貌、孔径分布、防水性能、透气透湿性能及力学性能的影响,并对其影响机制进行分析。结果表明：静电喷雾PU/PDMS防水透湿膜的防水透湿性能优于静电纺PU/PDMS防水透湿膜,但经热处理后由于膜内部产生更多粘连,导致孔隙率降低,防水透湿性能出现下降;热处理后静电纺PU/PDMS防水透湿膜的孔径大大降低,并使其串珠结构向蛛网结构转化,防水性能和力学性能显著提升,当加热温度为100℃,加热时间为90 min时,其水接触角达到144.7°,透湿率为5 666.7 g/(m²·d),透气率为9.91 mm/s,断裂强度为17.9 MPa,断裂伸长率为210.7%。     

PVP改性水性聚氨酯的合成及应用

为改善涂层织物的防水透湿性,采用乳液聚合法制备聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)/水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液。利用红外光谱对PVP/WPU膜进行结构表征,考察PVP质量分数和相对分子质量对PVP/WPU乳液性能及胶膜性能的影响,并与未改性水性聚氨酯涂层性能进行对比。结果表明:PVP和水性聚氨酯之间存在氢键作用。当PVP相对分子质量为8 000,质量分数为10%时,制备的改性乳液粒径小、存储稳定性好,成膜后仍较好地保留聚氨酯原有的弹性和力学性能;使用该改性乳液作为织物涂层剂,涂层织物静水压为393 mm H2O,透湿量为2 237 g/m2·24 h,与未改性水性聚氨酯涂层织物相比,静水压值和透湿量分别提高了17%和8%,显著改善了涂层织物的防水透湿性。     

自交联型防水透湿水性聚氨酯织物涂层剂的研制

制备端氨基聚氨酯预聚体，进一步与聚丙烯腈水解物（HPAN）反应性共混，合成了单组分防水透湿自乳化水性PU织物涂层剂，同时分析了合成PU预聚体时各物料对涂层剂防水透湿性能的影响，该涂层剂具有良好的防水透湿性能，且合成简单，成本低廉。     

单组份防水透湿水性聚氨酯织物涂层剂交联性能研究

利用聚丙烯腈水解物（HPAN）并联多端胺基聚氨酯（PU）预聚体的反应性共混，制备单组份防水透湿PU涂层剂。采用该路线可制备具有良好防水透湿性能的PU织物涂层剂，可避免常规制备路线中出现的工艺难题，并降低了生产成本。     

不同类型防水透湿织物的液态水分管理能力

用液态水分管理测试仪MMT测试CoolMax织物及经TPU涂层处理、层压TPU透湿薄膜处理织物的内外表层的浸湿时间、吸收速度、最大浸湿半径、水分传递速度、单向传递能力和整体液态水分管理能力等指标,以研究它们的防水透湿行为.结果表明:经过透湿和TPU涂层处理的锦纶机织物的透湿性能和水分扩散性能较差,但其内表面均具有较强的...     

微波处理对丝针织物抗起毛起球性能的影响

抗起毛起球是丝针织物重要的服用性能之一,寻找物理方法来改善丝针织物的起毛起球性能,仍然是一个巨大的挑战。采用微波技术对丝针织物进行了处理,通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外、X射线衍射仪对丝针织物的形貌结构进行多维度分析的基础上,探讨了微波处理对丝针织物力学性能、透湿透气性能、抗起毛起球性能的影响。结果表明,短时间微波处理有利于丝针织物结构的调整,织物结晶度、顶破强力以及耐磨性小幅提高,织物的透湿、透气性也增加;较长时间微波处理,丝针织物力学性能及透湿、透气性降低,利用合适的微波处理工艺,在织物其他服用性能基本不变或有所改善的前提下,可以改善丝针织物的抗起毛起球性能。     

精梳涤纶条含量对涤纶针织物性能的影响

为开发高品质涤纶针织物,设计了6组不同精梳涤纶条含量的纯涤纶纱和1组普梳涤纶纱,并制备相应的针织物。通过对针织物抗起毛起球性、顶破性、织物风格及透气透湿性进行测试,同时对比分析不同含量精梳涤纶条对织物服用性能的影响。结果表明:精梳涤纶条含量对织物的透湿性、透气性、起毛起球性、顶破性及织物风格有直接影响;相同组织结构下,精梳涤纶条含量在60%~70%时针织物的透湿性能、顶破性能及织物风格指标最优;精梳涤纶条含量在100%时针织物的透气性能和起毛起球性能最优;精梳涤纶条含量在60%~70%时织物服用性能与全精梳织物服用性能相比差异不大。在实际生产中,采用不同含量精梳涤纶条进行生产,既能满足高质量要求,又能节约成本,提高效率。     

生物质石墨烯黏胶纤维针织物的性能

对生物质石墨烯黏胶纤维针织物的保暖、透气、透湿、抗静电和防紫外性能进行测试,并与普通黏胶针织物、棉针织物进行对比分析,得出结论:织物的密度、厚度、面密度与织物组织是影响织物保温、透气和透湿性能的主要因素,加入少量石墨烯的黏胶织物仍表现出较好的保暖性;加入石墨烯后对织物透气性没有显著影响;石墨烯黏胶织物与普通黏胶织物的透湿性均较好;添加石墨烯可以明显提高黏胶纤维的抗静电和防紫外性能。     

导水型再生涤纶织物的制备及其性能

为改善再生涤纶织物的吸湿速干性能,分别采用质量浓度为20、25和30g/L的NaOH溶液和0.5 g/L阳离子表面活性剂1227溶液,通过碱减量工艺对再生涤纶织物进行处理。对织物经碱减量处理后的减量率以及表征织物经碱减量处理前后吸湿速干性的各指标进行测试。结果表明：使用质量浓度为20g/L的NaOH溶液进行碱减量工艺处理时织物减量率在15%以下,织物物理性能变化小;经过碱减量工艺处理后的织物滴水扩散时间明显降低;吸水率与织物经纬向芯吸高度大幅度增加;织物蒸发速率和单位时间内透湿量均明显增加;经碱减量工艺处理后的再生涤纶织物吸湿速干性能得到明显提高,且满足吸湿速干性产品的技术要求,对开发导水型再生涤纶织物有一定的指导意义。     

超细纤维后整理剂（二）

2.3.3 微乳化液 氨基改性聚硅氧烷比较容易乳化,能形成稳定性优良微乳化液。据美国道康宁公司1989年1月报道,氨基改性聚硅氧烷制成微乳化液产品,平均粒径为0.1nm以下,透光率达到80％以上。Wacker公司的Finish CT 96E也是一种含有17～25％氨基的有机硅产品。我国化工部成都有机硅中心于1990年开发成功氨基改性聚硅氧烷等产品,平均粒径达到0.15nm以下。 普通有机硅乳液的稳定性差,主要是因为有机硅颗粒的粒径大,颗粒表面的双电层较弱,颗粒之间相互作用致使颗粒逐渐合并,最终使分散状态破坏,水相和油相分离。微乳液的颗粒粒径比普通乳液小一个数量级,乳液完全在热     

Comparative study of copper ion complex bamboo pulp and cotton knitted fabrics. Part II: wearability and durability

Apart from the antibacterial performance, wearability and durability are also important factors for the textile product quality. The paper mainly discusses the wearability and durability of bamboo pulp and cotton-knitted fabrics which were treated with alkali and copper ammonia solution. Washing fastness, release properties of copper ions when washing, bursting properties, abrasion resistance, permeability, moisture penetrability, and warmth retention properties of fabrics were tested to investigate the change after copper ammonia solution treatment. The results showed that although the release quantity of bamboo pulp fabrics was higher, the washing fastness of bamboo pulp fabrics was better than that of cotton fabrics. After 90 times’ washing, the copper ion complex fabrics still had good antibacterial performance. For both cotton and bamboo pulp fabrics, properties of the bursting strength, moisture penetrability and warmth retention had been improved, whereas properties of abrasion resistance and air permeability had receded.     

Effect of Design and Method of Creating Wicking Channels on Moisture Management and Air Permeability of Cotton Fabrics

Garments made from cotton fabrics can readily absorb perspiration during strenuous activities but give poor performance in terms of wicking and evaporation of the perspiration, resulting in wet sticky feeling to the wearer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of design and method of creating wicking channels on the moisture management and air permeability of cotton fabrics. The fabric specimens were printed with hydrophobic fluorocarbon finish using four different print designs, each with two different types of printing squeegees. It was found that both the type of print design and squeegee type significantly affect most of the moisture management properties of the fabric. The study concluded that by selecting a suitable print design and squeegee type, moisture management capability of cotton fabrics can be significantly improved without sacrificing the fabric air permeability.     

柔洁纺粘胶强捻纱及其织物性能

为更好地探究柔洁纺技术对粘胶强捻纱质量和其机织物服用性能的影响,对相同工艺参数下粘胶强捻柔洁纺纱线与环锭纺纱线的均匀度、毛羽、单纱强力、捻缩率和表观结构进行测试对比,同时分析了相同规格柔洁纺和环锭纺粘胶强捻纱织物的强伸性、顶破性能、撕破性能、透气透湿性、吸湿性、柔软性和抗起毛起球性能。结果表明:柔洁纺粘胶强捻纱的毛羽少,条干均匀,强力高,捻缩率低;相比环锭纺粘胶强捻纱织物,柔洁纺粘胶强捻纱机织物的强伸性、顶破性能、撕破性能、透气透湿性、柔软性和抗起毛起球性显著提高,但吸湿性有所降低;柔洁纺粘胶强捻纱具有柔顺、整洁、牢固等特点,其机织物的综合服用性能优于环锭纺。     

A study on thermophysiological comfort properties of fabrics in relation to constituent fibre fineness and cross-sectional shapes

The present study reports the effect of linear densities and profiles of polyester fibres on the physiological properties of their fabrics. Four different polyester fibre finenesses along with microdenier and four cross-sectional shapes (circular, scalloped oval, tetrakelion and trilobal) were selected to produce two sets of 2/1 twill fabrics; one composed of 100% polyester and the other 67:33 P/V blends. In studying the thermophysiological component of the clothing comfort, heat, air and moisture transmission characteristics of the fabrics were assessed. The principal thermal properties, such as thermal absorptivity, thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, were experimentally evaluated, using the Alambeta instrument. The study of the obtained results established the fabrics of non-circular cross-sections as against circular ones, and increase in the linear density results in higher thermal resistance, lower thermal conductivity and lower thermal absorptivity. Wicking behaviour of fabrics was studied under two conditions–wicking from an infinite liquid reservoir (transverse wicking) and wicking from a finite liquid reservoir (single drop wicking into the fabrics). Increase in fibre linear density enhances transplaner wicking but slows down the spreading speed of water drops. Air permeability and moisture vapour permeability are found to be positively correlated with fibre decitex. The role of fibre cross-sectional shapes in influencing mass-flow characteristics is quite considerable. Use of non-circular polyester in place of a circular one augments the wickability of liquid water along with the permeability of air and moisture vapour through the fabrics, revealing their high porosity, which assists air and moisture to propagate. Mixing viscose into polyester brings down the air permeability and moisture vapour transmission rate (MVTR) of fabrics. Results show that moisture absorption of viscose is an important factor in influencing the moisture transport characteristics including both wickability and MVTR of 100% viscose and P/V-blended fabrics.