日本血吸虫抗原特异性免疫复合物的ELISA法检测及意义

利用鼠抗人μ链单克隆抗体包被建立ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测循环中日本血吸虫ＩｇＭ类抗原的特异性免疫复合物，其酶标记特异性抗体为人高效价抗日本血吸虫抗体。方法有较好的重复性，批内ＣＶ＝７．７％，批间ＣＶ＝１０．１％，特异性较好，临床检测血吸虫感染患者３６例，阳性率为５５．６％，此种特异性免疫复合物的检出意味着疾病的早期，持续阳提示急性感染向慢性转化。     

慢性血吸虫感染对脓毒症小鼠保护作用的研究

目的 初步探讨慢性血吸虫(SJ)感染对脓毒症小鼠的保护作用及其机制.方法 选择BALB/c雄性小鼠,按随机数字表法分组进行三部分实验.实验1:经腹部皮肤接种SJ尾蚴感染8周建立慢性SJ感染模型,分为正常组和SJ组,每组10只;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清白细胞介素(IL-4和IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测腹腔巨噬细胞IL-10和TNF-α的mRNA表达,了解慢性SJ感染小鼠免疫状态.实验2:以脂多糖(LPS)腹腔注射诱导小鼠脓毒症模型,分为LPS组和SJ-LPS组,每组15只;用ELISA法动态观察注射LPS后0、24、48和72 h细胞因子的变化,0 h的水平相当于正常小鼠和SJ感染8周水平,观察慢性SJ感染对脓毒症过程的影响.实验3:分别以盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)和LPS诱导两种不同的脓毒症模型,评价慢性SJ感染对脓毒症小鼠72 h存活率的影响.结果 实验1:SJ组血清抗炎因子IL-4[(151.35±12.24)ng/L]和IL-10[(133.22±11.09)ng/L]水平较正常组[IL-4(56.32±8.66)ng/L,IL-10(48.17±7.23)ng/L]显著升高(均P＜0.05),并可使巨噬细胞向替代活化性巨噬细胞分化,慢性SJ感染使腹腔巨噬细胞高表达IL-10 mRNA(SJ组4.46±1.82,正常组1.52±0.60),抑制TNF-α mRNA表达(SJ组1.61±0.93,正常组2.32±1.03,均P＜0.05).实验2、3:慢性SJ感染小鼠血清IL-4、IL-10于注射LPS后0 h即显著升高,随后下降,至72 h仍明显高于LPS组[IL-4(ng/L):92.2±7.6比41.5±4.5;IL-10(ng/L):92.1±7.8比35.6±4.0,均P＜0.05];TNF-α、IFN-γ均于24 h达峰值后逐渐下降,至72 h SJ-LPS组仍显著低于LPS组[TNF-α(ng/L):82.9±5.6比91.5±5.2;IFN-γ(ng/L):44.1±4.8比52.6±4.0,均P＜0.05].慢性SJ感染可明显改善CLP或LPS所致脓毒症小鼠的存活率(CLP:80%比20%,LPS:70%比30%,均P＜0.05).结论 慢性SJ感染可使脓毒症小鼠血清抗炎因子升高,存活率上升,从而起到保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To preliminarily study the protective effect of chronic schistosoma japonica (SJ)infestation against sepsis in mice and its mechanism. Methods BALB/c male mice were used, and the experiment was divided into three parts. Experiment 1: chronic SJ infestation model was reproduced by SJ cercaria inoculation through abdominal skin for 8 weeks. Twenty mice were randomly grouped into normal group (n=10) and SJ group (n=10). The levels of interleukins (IL-4, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the levels of IL-10 mRNA and TNF-αmRNA in abdominal macrophages. This experiment was meant to evaluate immune state in mice with chronic SJ infestation. Experiment 2: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally injected to reproduce sepsis model. Thirty mice were randomly grouped into LPS group (n=15) and SJ-LPS group (n=15). The levels of cytokines were determined by ELISA at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after LPS injection. This experiment was meant to detect the effect of chronic SJ infestation in mice during the septic process. Experiment 3 : two types of sepsis model were reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and LPS injection, respectively. The survival rate of mice with chronic SJ infestation in 72 hours in either type of sepsis was evaluated. Results Experiment 1, compared with normal group [IL-4 (56.32±8.66) ng/L, IL-10 (48.17±7.23) ng/L],chronic SJ infestation showed an increase in serum IL-4 [(151. 35 ± 12. 24) ng/L] and IL-10 [(133. 22 ±11. 09) ng/L, both P＜0. 05]. Chronic SJ infestation also resulted in an increase in IL-10 mRNA expression (SJ group 4. 46±1. 82, normal group 1. 52±0. 60) and inhibited TNF-α mRNA expression (SJ group 1. 61±0.93, normal group 2. 32±1.03) in abdominal macrophages (both P＜0. 05), indicating that macrophages could be differentiated into alternative activated macrophages. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 were increased at 0 hour after LPS injection, and then gradually decreased in SJ-LPS group, but the levels were still higher than those in LPS group at 72 hours [IL-4 (ng/L): 92. 2±7. 6 vs.41.5±4. 5; IL-10 (ng/L): 92. 1±7. 8 vs. 35. 6±4. 0, both P＜0. 05]; the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were increased at 24 hours, and then decreased in SJ-LPS group, and the levels were lower than those in LPSgroup at 72 hours [TNF-α (ng/L): 82. 9±5. 6 vs. 91. 5±5. 2; IFN-γ (ng/L): 44.1±4. 8 vs. 52. 6±4. 0,both P＜0. 05]. Therefore, chronic SJ infestation could improve the survival rate of mice with sepsis induced by CLP or LPS (CLP: 80% vs. 20%, LPS: 70% vs. 30%, both P＜0.05). Conclusion Chronic SJ infestation could elevate anti-inflammatory factors in septic mice, thus ameliorating the survival rate, so it has protective effect on mice with sepsis.     

日本血吸虫微管蛋白基因的获得和分析

目的从日本血吸虫(schistosoma japonicum，Sj)成虫cDNA文库中获得并分析日本血吸虫新的表达基因，为日本血吸虫病的防治提供药物靶标或侯选疫苗。方法构建日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库，随机挑取重组阳性克隆进行测序，对部分序列进行步移法测序获取全长cDNA，并进行生物信息学分析和登录。结果获得了1个日本血吸虫新基因，全长1439bp，编码443个氨基酸，与肝片形吸虫微管蛋白基因具有79％的同源性。结论表达序列标签法、步移法测序和生物信息学技术三者相结合，有利于发现日本血吸虫新基因。     

人感染田鼠巴贝斯虫的实验室诊断一例

目的通过回顾1例人感染巴贝斯虫的实验室资料,以积累经验,提高诊断水平。方法研究红细胞(RBC)、血小板(PLT)直方图,白细胞(WBC)VCS散点图;观察外周血、骨髓涂片中虫体的形态;从患者外周血中提取的DNA核酸用疟原虫、巴贝斯虫种、巴贝斯虫属特异性引物进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)。结果 RBC直方图波峰降低,宽度增加,PLT直方图无异常,WBC VCS散点图非WBC区有颗粒团;外周血、骨髓涂片见大量拟似恶性疟原虫虫体;PCR产物测序结果经BLAST比对,结果显示与巴贝斯虫和田鼠巴贝斯虫18s核糖体DNA序列分别有96%和99%的同源性。结论感染的虫体为田鼠巴贝斯虫。     

慢性血吸虫感染对脓毒症小鼠保护作用的研究

Objective To preliminarily study the protective effect of chronic schistosoma japonica (SJ)infestation against sepsis in mice and its mechanism. Methods BALB/c male mice were used, and the experiment was divided into three parts. Experiment 1: chronic SJ infestation model was reproduced by SJ cercaria inoculation through abdominal skin for 8 weeks. Twenty mice were randomly grouped into normal group (n=10) and SJ group (n=10). The levels of interleukins (IL-4, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect the levels of IL-10 mRNA and TNF-αmRNA in abdominal macrophages. This experiment was meant to evaluate immune state in mice with chronic SJ infestation. Experiment 2: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally injected to reproduce sepsis model. Thirty mice were randomly grouped into LPS group (n=15) and SJ-LPS group (n=15). The levels of cytokines were determined by ELISA at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after LPS injection. This experiment was meant to detect the effect of chronic SJ infestation in mice during the septic process. Experiment 3 : two types of sepsis model were reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and LPS injection, respectively. The survival rate of mice with chronic SJ infestation in 72 hours in either type of sepsis was evaluated. Results Experiment 1, compared with normal group [IL-4 (56.32±8.66) ng/L, IL-10 (48.17±7.23) ng/L],chronic SJ infestation showed an increase in serum IL-4 [(151. 35 ± 12. 24) ng/L] and IL-10 [(133. 22 ±11. 09) ng/L, both P＜0. 05]. Chronic SJ infestation also resulted in an increase in IL-10 mRNA expression (SJ group 4. 46±1. 82, normal group 1. 52±0. 60) and inhibited TNF-α mRNA expression (SJ group 1. 61±0.93, normal group 2. 32±1.03) in abdominal macrophages (both P＜0. 05), indicating that macrophages could be differentiated into alternative activated macrophages. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 were increased at 0 hour after LPS injection, and then gradually decreased in SJ-LPS group, but the levels were still higher than those in LPS group at 72 hours [IL-4 (ng/L): 92. 2±7. 6 vs.41.5±4. 5; IL-10 (ng/L): 92. 1±7. 8 vs. 35. 6±4. 0, both P＜0. 05]; the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were increased at 24 hours, and then decreased in SJ-LPS group, and the levels were lower than those in LPSgroup at 72 hours [TNF-α (ng/L): 82. 9±5. 6 vs. 91. 5±5. 2; IFN-γ (ng/L): 44.1±4. 8 vs. 52. 6±4. 0,both P＜0. 05]. Therefore, chronic SJ infestation could improve the survival rate of mice with sepsis induced by CLP or LPS (CLP: 80% vs. 20%, LPS: 70% vs. 30%, both P＜0.05). Conclusion Chronic SJ infestation could elevate anti-inflammatory factors in septic mice, thus ameliorating the survival rate, so it has protective effect on mice with sepsis.     

3种方法对日本血吸虫感染家兔的疗效评价

目的用聚合酶链反应（PCR）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和环卵沉淀试验（COPT）3种方法评价吡喹酮治疗日本血吸虫感染家免的疗效。方法家兔感染日本血吸虫尾蚴后7周和8周,分别给予吡喹酮治疗,治疗前后每周采血1次,分别用3种方法检测感染家兔治疗前后的血清DNA、IgG和环卵沉淀率（COPR）水平。结果ELISA检测法在动物模型治疗6个月后,其血清抗体仍维持在一定水平;COPT检测法于治疗后5个半月在家兔血清中找不到阳性虫卵;PCR法在治疗后3个月的家兔血清中未扩增出DNA。结论PCR法的疗效考核价值优于常规ELISA法和COPT法。     

血吸虫性肝病重叠感染病毒性肝炎的临床分析

本县处于浙西山区，在消灭血吸虫病前，是血吸虫感染重灾区，特别是〉40岁的劳动力中，有相当一部分人患过血吸虫病。临床慢性血吸虫病及晚期血吸虫病常易重叠感染乙型肝炎等病毒性肝炎。为探讨对有过血吸虫性肝病及重叠感染病毒性肝炎的临床特点，以便临床及早干预，提高疗效，作对2001年1月至2004年10月本院收治的77例病毒性肝炎患的临床资料进行回顾性分析。报道如下。     

日本血吸虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的克隆与表达

目的获得日本血吸虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的原核表达蛋白。方法根据GenBank中日本血吸虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的序列设计引物,以cDNA为模板聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增该基因,将其亚克隆入原核表达载体pET28a中,异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达重组蛋白。结果成功克隆了具有完整开放阅读框的日本血吸虫丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂重组质粒,获得相对分子质量约44×103的目的蛋白。结论成功地克隆表达了丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,为进一步研究该蛋白的特性、功能及免疫保护作用奠定了基础。     

抗日本血吸虫童虫表膜单克隆抗体在小鼠的保护性免疫作用

为验证紫外线减毒尾蚴活疫苗免疫法制备抗日本血吸虫童虫表膜单克隆抗体的保护性免疫作用,用小鼠腹腔接种单抗被动免疫转移试验,观察该种方法制备的５株单抗的保护性免疫作用。     

日本血吸虫6种粗抗原和组分抗原的比较

目的 比较日本血吸虫6种抗原（粗抗原及其组分抗原各3种）的敏感性和特异性。方法①用阳性钉螺逸出的尾蚴感染新西兰家兔，制作日本血吸虫病动物模型。②于感染后42天分别收集雌、雄成虫和虫卵，制作粗抗原及其组分抗原。③采用ELISA法检测抗原的敏感性和特异性,并以X^2检验作统计学处理和分析。结果除雌虫组分抗原的敏感性（51％）较差外,都显示出日本血吸虫成虫及其虫卵组分抗原的较好敏感性和特异性。结论日本血吸虫组分抗原用于免疫诊断．具有较好的敏感性和特异性。但抗原分离、纯化方法有待进一步探讨。     

表达序列标签法寻找日本血吸虫新基因

目的 运用表达序列标签(expressed sequence tag，EST)技术，从日本血吸虫成虫eDNA文库中筛选和鉴定日本血吸虫新基因，为寻找日本血吸虫新的候选疫苗奠定基础。方法 转化日本血吸虫成虫eDNA文库，随机挑取重组阳性克隆进行测序，获得Esr；用NCBI站点的GenBank对所获得的新基因序列进行同源性检索；利用BLASTP程序对同源性高的基因进行核苷酸和氨基酸水平的同源性比较。结果 发现xzw000008克隆的eDNA序列为日本血吸虫新基因并获得GenBank登录号。该eDNA序列与曼氏血吸虫polyubiquitin基因高度同源，核苷酸水平的同一性为87％；氨基酸水平的同一性为98％。结论 用EST寻找日本血吸虫新基因是一种可行的方法，所筛选到的日本血吸虫新基因长575bp，编码191个氨基酸，与曼氏血吸虫polyubiquifin基因高度同源，为进一步研究该基因的全序列及功能作准备。     

日本血吸虫6种粗抗原和组分抗原的比较

目的比较日本血吸虫6种抗原(粗抗原及其组分抗原各3种)的敏感性和特异性.方法①用阳性钉螺逸出的尾蚴感染新西兰家兔,制作日本血吸虫病动物模型.②于感染后42天分别收集雌、雄成虫和虫卵,制作粗抗原及其组分抗原.③采用ELISA法检测抗原的敏感性和特异性,并以X2检验作统计学处理和分析.结果除雌虫组分抗原的敏感性(51%)较差外,都显示出日本血吸虫成虫及其虫卵组分抗原的较好敏感性和特异性.结论日本血吸虫组分抗原用于免疫诊断,具有较好的敏感性和特异性,但抗原分离、纯化方法有待进一步探讨.     

日本出血性大肠杆菌感染

日本出血性大肠杆菌感染在大阪地区的市（人口约８０万）公布了一次学校儿童当中出血性大肠杆菌（Ｅ－ＨＥＣ）感染的暴发。报告的大多数病例是该市６２所公立初级学校的６－１２岁的儿童。于７月１２日晚病人开始出腹部痉挛和腹泻（包括血样腹泻），在第二天病例数增多。...     

日本血吸虫候选疫苗原肌球蛋白的表达载体构建、原核表达及免疫原性研究

目的 将日本血吸虫原肌球蛋白基因(tropomyosin)克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)裁体上,在BL-21(DE3)型大肠埃希菌中表达其产物,并对其进行免疫原性分析.方法 从日本血吸虫的Expressed Sequence Tag(EST)文库中筛选出包含tropomyosin全长基因的EST,然后用高保真酶PCR扩增,构建到pET-280(+)裁体上,最终在BL-21(DE3)型大肠埃希菌中用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IFTG)诱导表达.表达的his-tropomyosin融合蛋白用镍螯舍树脂蛋白纯化柱(Ni-NTA resin)亲和层析纯化,得到纯度较高的tropomyosin后,通过Western Blotting技术,用感染日本血吸虫的兔血清作为天然抗体来研究tropomyosi的免疫原性.结果 pET-28a(+)-tropomyosin重组质粒在BL-21(DE3)型大肠埃希菌中成功表达,使用SDS-PAGE分析得到实际Mr约为40 000的his-tropomyosin融合蛋白,Ni-NTA resin的纯化效果很明显,获得的相对纯的目的 蛋白经过Western BIotting方法 检潮显示:tropomyosin融合蛋白能够与感染日本血吸虫6 w的兔血清有较强的免疫反应.结论 Tropomyosin能够在BL-21(DE3)型大肠埃希菌中高效表达,且抗原免疫原性强,日本血吸虫感染的兔血清能够识别体外表达的tropomyosin,具有与天然的tropomyosin相同的免疫原性.     

日本血吸虫重组两歧双歧杆菌(pGEX-Sj26GST)疫苗的构建及鉴定

目的 构建日本血吸虫重组两歧双歧杆菌（pGEX-Sj26GST）疫苗,并对其进行鉴定.方法 采用RNeasy Mini试剂盒提取日本血吸虫成虫总RNA,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法获得Sj26GST抗原编码基因;将该编码基因与pGEX-1λT载体进行连接,得到重组质粒pGEX-Sj26GST,并对其进行双酶切鉴定;将重组质粒电转化入两歧双歧杆菌中,构建重组两歧双歧杆菌（pGEX-Sj26GST）疫苗,PCR鉴定疫苗.结果 RT-PCR扩增出的日本血吸虫成虫Sj26GST基因片段长度为676 bp;双酶切证实Sj26GST抗原编码基因成功插入pGEX-1λT载体中;PCR证实从重组两歧双歧杆菌疫苗中扩增出长度为676 bp 的Sj26GST基因片段.结论 成功构建了日本血吸虫重组两歧双歧杆菌（pGEX-Sj26GST）疫苗.     

重组日本血吸虫亲环素B的克隆、表达及免疫分析

目的克隆、表达日本血吸虫亲环素B(SjCyPB)基因,鉴定并分析重组蛋白的免疫性。方法根据Genbank中日本血吸虫序列设计一对特异性引物,以日本血吸虫cDNA为模板扩增SjCyPB基因,酶切后连接到表达载体pET28,构建pET28a(+)-SjCyPB重组质粒,转化入感受态大肠杆菌BL21/DE3后对质粒进行双酶切和测序鉴定。IPTG诱导表达后,经亲和层析纯化重组蛋白。采用Western Blotting分析鉴定重组蛋白的抗原性。将纯化的重组蛋白免疫大鼠,获得免疫血清,ELISA检测抗SjCyPB特异性抗体滴度。结果构建的pET28a(+)-SjCyPB重组质粒经双酶切和测序鉴定证实SjCyPB基因成功连接到pET28a(+)质粒中。经原核表达后获得纯化的重组蛋白,Western Blotting结果显示,该重组蛋白可与感染日本血吸虫的兔血清结合形成明显的条带。采用ELISA检测重组蛋白免疫后大鼠免疫血清的特异性IgG抗体滴度为1∶51 200。结论成功克隆了日本血吸虫CyPB基因,并获得大量纯化的重组蛋白,重组SjCyPB具有免疫原性和抗原性。