原位合成SiC对铝基复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

以铝粉、硅粉、石墨粉为原料, 通过冷压真空烧结原位合成了含不同质量分数SiC颗粒的SiC/Al-18Si复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪, 扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析仪等设备手段表征了铝基复合材料的相组成和微观结构, 研究了原位合成SiC对复合材料微观结构、抗弯强度和显微硬度的影响, 分析了复合材料力学性能的变化规律。结果表明: 复合材料的基体相为Al相, 第二相为Si相和SiC相; 原位合成的SiC颗粒弥散细小的分布在Al基体中, 其颗粒尺寸主要分布在0.2~2.8 μm, 具有亚微米、微米级的多尺度特性; 随着SiC质量分数的不断增加, 复合材料的显微硬度增大, 同时颗粒的平均尺寸仅由0.81 μm增大到1.13 μm, 但仍均匀分布, 正是这种尺寸稳定性, 使得SiC/Al-18Si复合材料硬度远大于Al-18Si; 当SiC质量分数为30%时, 材料的显微硬度最高, 达到HV 134, 相较于Al-18Si提高了88%。     

Experimental research and application of cold cutting to hot stamping parts based on multiphase microstructure

Among the bottlenecks that hinder the improvement of the production efficiency of hot stamping are high strength and difficulty in edge cutting and hole punching.Starting from the preparation of hot stamping multiphase microstructure materials, this paper developed a plate quenching die system with controllable surface temperature and prepared four types of hot stamping plates with different martensite volume fractions.Then, straight edge cold cutting experiments were performed to study the infl...     

热压反应合成Al_2O_3-Ho_2O_3/TiAl复合材料

利用Al-Ti-TiO2-Ho2O3体系原位反应合成了Ho掺杂Al2O3/TiAl复合材料。采用DTA结合XRD分析对体系反应过程进行了探讨。借助XRD、EDS和SEM等手段,对放热体系的物相组成及晶粒微观形貌进行了分析表征。结果表明:Al-Ti-TiO2-Ho2O3系原位合成的Al2O3/TiAl复合材料由TiAl、Ti3Al、Al2O3以及HoAl3相组成;Ho2O3的引入对基体相生成比例(TiAl:Ti3Al)有一定的调控作用,并使得基体晶粒和Al2O3晶粒均有所细化且逐渐分布均匀。力学性能测试表明:当Ho2O3的引入量为6%时,材料的抗弯强度达到最大值,约为593.5MPa;断裂韧度达到最大值,为8.74MPa.m1/2,具有可接受的力学性能。     

原位自生钛基复合材料的研究进展

原位自生钛基复合材料以其高比强度和高比模量引起了人们的广泛关注,尤其是如何提高其高温性能成为近年来钛基复合材料研究的热点.该文详细综述了原位自生钛基复合材料的各种制备方法、增强体与钛基体的选择、各种增强体的反应体系以及原位自生钛基复合材料的组织结构与力学性能,指出了原位自生钛基复合材料今后的发展方向.     

稀释剂对原位合成TiC_p/钢基硬质涂层组织和性能的影响

为提高钢基硬质涂层的表面质量和显微硬度,采用真空消失模铸造法引发自蔓延高温合成(SHS)反应,在铸件表面制备原位合成TiC颗粒增强钢基硬质涂层。通过X-ray、OM、SEM、EDS及显微硬度测试等方法,研究了稀释剂TiC的加入量对钢基硬质涂层微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:硬质涂层与基材之间呈冶金结合,涂层组织由TiC颗粒和α-Fe基体相构成;随外加TiC含量的增加,可降低燃烧反应温度,提高涂层组织致密度,原位合成的TiC颗粒细小呈圆球或近圆球形状,均匀分布在基体组织中,显著提高了TiC颗粒总体积分数和硬质涂层显微硬度,其中TiC加入量为10%(质量分数)时,涂层的综合性能最佳。     

Ti-B-C体系复相陶瓷的制备及性能研究

以Ti、B和C粉末为原料,采用自蔓延高温合成工艺制备了不同组份的TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷.分析了不同TiB2含量材料的力学性能、断口形貌和裂纹扩展情况,研究表明:TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷比其单相陶瓷材料的断裂韧度有较大提高,当n(TiB2):n(TiC )= 56.4:43.6,该复相陶瓷的弯曲强度和断裂韧度达到最大值,且相对密度高达99.4%;长棒状TiB2颗粒能有效改善材料的断裂韧度和强度,其强化机理主要为裂纹偏转和拔出效应.     

Microstructural characterization of novel in-situ Al-Be composites

The microstructure of cast and extruded in-situ Al-Be alloys, of compositions of Be-37Al-3Ni (wt pct) and Be-34Al-2Ni-2Ag-2Si (wt pct), was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The study indicates that both the Be and Al phases are continuous. The Be phase has a coarse dendritic structure in the as-cast material. Fractographic analysis of failed tensile specimens tested at room temperature revealed basal-plane cleavage failure of the Be phase and ductile failure of the Al phase. A significant number of deformation twins were observed in the Be phase when the tensile loading axis was parallel to the Be dendrite growth axis. An additional fracture mode was observed in the samples tested at elevated temperatures. At elevated temperatures, decohesion of the Al-Be interface was observed on the fracture surface. This phenomena was observed to increase as the test temperature increased from 150 °C to 315 °C. A high density of dislocations with a tangled morphology were observed in the Al phase after the tensile test. These were determined to be associated with easy slip of 1/2〈101〉-type dislocations. The limited ductility of the Be phase was attributed to the predominant basal slip of 〈a〉-type dislocations, b = 1/3〈1120〉, and the lack of dislocations with 〈c〉 components. However, a significant number of dislocations with 〈c〉 components were found in localized areas of the Be phase after extrusion.     

Metal-ceramic composites based on the Ti-B-Cu porosity system

A systematic study of the microstructure/fracture toughness/processing correlation of metal-ceramic composites in the Ti-B-Cu porosity system is presented. The composites are produced by the combustion synthesis process. Fracture surfaces indicate both ductile and brittle regions. The composites are made up of Ti as the only ductile phase and TiB, TiB₂, Ti₂Cu, and Ti₃Cu₄ as brittle phases. Density measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that the samples contain distributed porosity. Ductile phase toughening is responsible for the increase in fracture toughness to a maximum value of 9.9 MPa(m)^1/2. Samples with large amounts of porosity do not benefit from this toughening process even though they containin situ formed whiskers. The fracture toughness of the composite is modeled by considering the additive influence of the ductile phase reinforcement (Ashby model) and the residual porosity (exponential model). Microstructural constants required for the model are evaluated from the comparison. A correlation between the mechanical properties and the combustion temperature is established. Formerly with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Cincinnati     

球磨工艺对原位合成SiC_p增强铜复合材料组织及性能的影响

本文采用机械合金化法及SPS烧结工艺原位合成了SiC_p增强铜基复合材料,应用显微硬度计、金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪等设备,针对由对不同工艺参数所制备的样品进行了性能测试,并采用正交试验法研究了球料比、球磨转速、球磨时间、控制剂等一些球磨工艺参数对于复合材料中微观结构及性能的影响。结果表明:这些参数对于复合材料的硬度、耐磨性以及致密度有着显著的影响。最终的分析表明,最佳的工艺参数为:球磨时间3 h,球磨转速1000 r/min,控制剂1%硬脂酸,球料比7∶1。     

原位自生Al2O3颗粒增强Al基复合材料的研究

本研究是在Al基材料中加入了Cu3O颗粒,原位反应生成Al2O3颗粒,从而增强Al基材料.研究采用粉末冶金的方法,先冷压成型,再热压,在温度680~C压℃力1MPa时保温10分钟,成功制备了Al2O3/Al基复合材料.研究了Cu2O含量对该复合材料的密度、硬度、抗弯强度等性能的影响,结果表明:Al-8Ni-3Cu-2Cu2O复合材料的综合性能最好,硬度达到78.66HRF,抗弯强度达到254.35MPa.利用扫描电镜观察复合材料的表面形貌(SEM图像),并对试样成分进行分析(BSE图像),发现试样的成分分布比较均匀.通过XRD图谱和热力学分析表明:经热压后,该复合材料新生成物相主要为Al2O3.     

退火工艺对780 MPa冷轧多相钢组织及性能影响

为了研究退火工艺对780 MPa冷轧多相钢组织及性能影响,采用万能试验机、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、综合成形试验机及电子探针(EPMA)对两种具有相同成分、抗拉强度均为780 MPa但具有不同屈强比和扩孔性能的多相钢进行了相关研究,结果表明热处理工艺对试验钢组织、力学性能及扩孔性能有着重要影响,采用两相区退火时马氏体岛...     

原位生长SiC/MoSi_2复合材料的制备工艺及其力学性能

通过反应烧结成功地制得了in-situ SiC/MOSi_2复合材料,该复合材料的组织均匀致密,相对密度达97.8％,强化相SiC的粒径小于1μm,体积分数为19.8％.复合材料室温抗弯强度为542MPa,断裂韧性5.21MPa·m~(1/2),维氏硬度12.21 GPa;在1200℃和1400℃时的抗压强度为596MPa和175MPa,800℃时的维氏硬度为8.2 GPa.在Al_2O_3和SiC磨盘上表现出优异的耐磨性能。     

硅橡胶/黏土可瓷化复合材料的热行为及微观结构

添加无机填料可改善硅橡胶烧蚀陶瓷残余物的强度,从而加强其结构完整性和高温稳定性。以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶为基体,以黏土矿物为填料制备硅橡胶/黏土可瓷化高分子复合材料,利用TG/DSC等热分析技术研究该材料的热稳定性。结果表明,添加黏土矿物可以改善硅橡胶的热稳定性,使其分解温度提高100℃左右。通过XRD分析和SEM观察发现:除少量杂质相之外,硅橡胶经600℃烧蚀后的物相主要为方石英,1 200℃烧蚀后的物相为莫来石和方石英,微观形貌特征分别为不致密絮状结构(600℃烧蚀后)和液相桥连的多孔结构(1 200℃烧蚀后)。根据试验结果分析复合材料的瓷化机理。     

TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷的自蔓延高温合成研究

以Ti、B和C粉末为原料,采用SHS/PHIP工艺制备了不同组份的TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷,通过试验研究了复相陶瓷的微观结构特征和力学性能.结果表明,SHS反应产物纯净,TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷中只有TiC和TiB2两相存在;随着TiB2含量的增加,复相陶瓷中TiC颗粒尺寸变小,而TiB2颗粒有异常长大现象;TiC-TiB2复相陶瓷的相对密度、硬度和横向断裂强度均随TiB2含量的增加呈先增后减趋势;当TiB2与TiC的重量比为60%时,该复相陶瓷的横向断裂强度和断裂韧度分别为576MPa和5.45MPa·m1/2,而相对密度达到99.4%.     

稀土元素的添加对原位生成的Ti-TiC-TiB复合材料抗磨损性能的影响

采用Ti 6Al 4V 5B4C和Ti 6Al 4V 5B4C 1Nd 两种成分的原始粉末, 反应热压后原位生成了Ti TiC TiB复合材料。经过X射线检测, 证明了试验中原位生成反应5Ti+B4C 4TiB+TiC的进行。采用摩擦磨损试验机检测了两种材料的抗磨损性能。通过扫描电子显微镜和电子探针分析了材料的磨损表面。结果表明, 添加稀土元素能提高材料的硬度, 韧性和抗磨损性能。     

Delineating brittle-phase embrittlement and ductile-phase toughening in Nb-based in-situ composites

The fracture toughness of Nb-based in-situ composites typically decreases with increasing volume fractions of hard intermetallic phases, despite the presence of a ductile niobium solid-solution phase in the microstructure. For composites with a continuous intermetallic matrix, the fracture toughness can be more than double that of the monolithic intermetallics, but is still low in absolute terms, indicating that the solid-solution phase is not very effective in inducing ductile-phase toughening. The lack of enhancement of the fracture resistance appears to arise from an embrittlement effect instigated by the brittle phases in the microstructure, whose nondeformability results in a high plastic constraint acting on the ductile phase. In this article, an analytical model is developed for treating both brittle-phase embrittlement and ductile-phase toughening in terms of constituent properties and microstructural variables. The model is then used to (1) delineate brittle-phase embrittlement and ductile-phase toughening in Nb-based in-situ composites, and (2) design fracture-resistant in-situ composites based on Nb-Ti-Cr, Nb-Ti-Al, and Nb-Ti-Si systems.     

Spontaneous evolution of microstructure in materials

Microstructures which evolve spontaneously from random solutions in near isolation often exhibit patterns of remarkable symmetry which can only in part be explained by boundary and crystallographic effects. With reference to the detailed experimental record, we seek the source of causality in this natural tendency to constructive autonomy, usually designated as a principle of pattern or wavenumber selection in a free boundary problem. Thephase field approach which incorporates detailed boundary structure and global rate equations has enjoyed some currency in removing internal degrees of freedom, and this will be examined critically in reference to the migration of phase-antiphase boundaries produced in an order-disorder transformation. Analogous problems for singular interfaces including solute trapping are explored. Themicroscopic solvability hypothesis has received much attention, particularly in relation to dendrite morphology and the Saffman-Taylor fingering problem in hydrodynamics. A weak form of this will be illustrated in relation to local equilibrium binary solidification cells which renders the free boundary problem unique. However, the main thrust of this article concerns dynamic configurations at anisotropic singular interfaces and the related patterns of eutectoid(ic)s, nonequilibrium cells, cellular dendrites, and Liesegang figures where there is a recognizable macroscopic phase space of pattern fluctuations and/or solitons. These possess a weakly defective stability point and thereby submit to a statistical principle of maximum path probability and to a variety of corollary dissipation principles in the determination of a unique average patterning behavior. A theoretical development of the principle based on Hamilton's principle for frictional systems is presented in an Appendix. Elements of the principles of scaling, universality, and deterministic chaos are illustrated.