含松香丙烯酸酯的磁性聚合物微球的制备及表征

以苯乙烯(St)为单体,松香丙烯酸与甲基丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯酯化物(RAH)为交联剂,在油酸改性的Fe3O4存在下,采用悬浮聚合法制备了含松香的磁性聚合物微球[P(St/RAH)/Fe3O4],研究了Fe3O4用量对聚合物微球性能的影响,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱、热重和磁强计对磁性聚合物微球进行了分析表征。结果表明,成功制得了P(RAH/St)/Fe3O4;得到的磁性微球球形良好,表面光滑,Fe3O4包埋在聚合物中;微球为超顺磁性,在油酸改性Fe3O4用量为8%(质量分数)时磁性达到饱和,饱和磁化强度为3.13A·m2/kg。     

交联淀粉微球的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

以可溶性淀粉为主要原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为制备反应的交联剂,环己烷为油相,过硫酸钾-亚硫酸氢钠(K_2S_2O_8-Na HSO_3)氧化还原体系为引发剂,Span80、Tween60为乳化剂,采用反向悬浮法制备交联淀粉微球,并利用红外光谱仪对交联淀粉微球的结构进行表征。以交联淀粉微球作为吸附剂,研究了吸附时间、淀粉微球的质量及Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能的影响并考察了淀粉微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的热力学特性。吸附实验发现,在淀粉微球质量为0.05 g、吸附时间为70 min、初始浓度为50 mg/L时交联淀粉微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量较高。热力学实验表明,交联淀粉微球对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附行为符合Langmuir热力学方程,相关系数为0.989 0。     

磁性木薯淀粉微球的结构表征及反应机理研究

以木薯淀粉(St)和自制纳米表面改性Fe3O4(M)微粒为主要原料,采用反相乳液聚合法制备了磁性木薯淀粉微球(MSt),并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、同步热分析(TG-DSC)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等手段对磁性木薯淀粉微球进行结构性能分析和反应机理探讨。结果表明,FT-IR分析显示磁性微粒Fe3O4与淀粉成功发生交联反应;TEM和XRD分析显示微球具有以Fe3O4为核淀粉为壳的核壳结构;TG-DSC分析表明微球的热稳定性相比原淀粉略有降低;微球的饱和磁化强度为7.07emu/g,磁化率为3.005×10-6emu/Oe,微球具有磁响应性和超顺磁性。该微球反应历程符合自由基聚合机理。     

交联海藻酸钠磁性微球的制备及固定化胰蛋白酶研究

制备了交联海藻酸钠磁性微球,并以磁性微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,将胰蛋白酶固定化;利用透射电镜、粒度分析、红外分析对交联海藻酸钠磁性微球进行了表征;探讨给酶量、戊二醛浓度和pH值对固定化酶活性的影响;与自由酶比较,考察了固定酶的酶学性质.结果表明:交联海藻酸钠磁性微球是固定化胰蛋白酶的良好载体,固定化酶最适宜的条件是吸附时间12h,给酶量为100mg/0.1g磁性载体、交联剂戊二醛浓度为5%、溶液pH值为6,同时将酶固定化后,酶的稳定性和催化性能均有所提高.     

基于响应曲面法优化酸解氧化制备高醛基含量的双醛淀粉的工艺条件

本工作采用响应曲面法优化了一步酸解氧化制备双醛淀粉的工艺,以玉米淀粉为原料、盐酸(HCl)为酸解剂、高碘酸钠(NaIO_4)为氧化剂,设置HCl浓度、淀粉乳浓度、反应温度和反应时间为变量。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析证明本实验成功制得了双醛淀粉。采用旋转黏度计、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和热重分析仪(TGA)对双醛淀粉的糊化性能、颗粒形貌、结晶结构和热性能进行了表征。结果表明,对醛基含量的影响大小依次为反应温度反应时间淀粉乳浓度 HCl浓度。最佳制备工艺为:HCl浓度为1. 2mol/L,淀粉乳浓度为7%,反应温度为49℃,反应时间为4 h。在该条件下制得的双醛淀粉的醛基含量为85. 17%,与理论最大值86. 26%接近,说明优化结果可信。酸解氧化后,双醛淀粉的糊化黏度降至30 mPa·s,可显著提高反应活性和可操作性。SEM分析显示,双醛淀粉颗粒中间凹陷,呈现出环状结构。XRD分析表明,淀粉的结晶结构发生破坏,重结晶使结晶度增大至36. 05%。TGA分析表明,双醛淀粉受热分解起始温度降低,但分解残余率提高,说明其热塑性和热稳定性有所提高。     

膨润土和磁性膨润土微球的制备及其对水中碱性染料的吸附性能

为了解决膨润土粉体材料固液分离困难的问题,利用膨润土和四氧化三铁,以海藻酸钙交联制备膨润土微球和磁性膨润土微球材料;利用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜研究微球的结构和特点;以碱性品蓝和碱性品红为代表性染料污染物,采用批次平衡实验比较研究微球对2种碱性染料的吸附特性。结果表明:交联过程未改变膨润土和四氧化三铁的结构,且膨润土磁性微球具有磁性;微球对2种染料的吸附动力学更符合拟二级动力学方程;吸附过程符合Freundlich和Langmuir模型,碱性品蓝和碱性品红在膨润土微球上的最大吸附量分别为185. 7、63. 46 mg/g,在磁性膨润土微球上的分别为163. 4、70. 30 mg/g。     

磁性交联壳聚糖微球的制备及对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能

以Fe3O4为磁核,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,制备了磁性交联壳聚糖微球(MCB),采用FT-IR和VSM对MCB进行表征,结果表明,Fe3O4被壳聚糖包埋,制备的MCB的饱和磁化强度为12.8emu/g。其交联度、溶胀度和含水量分别为85.2%、6.94%和80.1%。同时研究了MCB对Cu2+的吸附性能,研究表明:MCB对Cu2+的吸附的最佳pH值为5,MCB对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附,最大吸附容量为64.6mg/g;动力学研究表明,MCB对Cu2+的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。MCB再生-重复使用8次,其吸附容量没有明显的降低。     

交联聚合物磁性复合微球的制备与性能研究

由共沉淀法制备磁性FeaO4纳米颗粒,并用油酸钠对其表面进行改性,得到了平均直径为12.7nm的油基Fe3O4纳米颗粒.在该纳米颗粒存在的条件下,通过分散共聚制得了内部为Fe3O4,外层为二乙烯基苯(DVB)交联的聚丙烯酸-co-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PAA-co-PMMA)磁性复合微球.研究了介质乙醇/水的比例、引发剂、分散剂、交联剂用量对形成复合微球的影响,得出了制备复合微球的优化实验条件,并对复合微球的结构、形态、尺寸及磁含量进行了考察.     

Fe3O4／壳聚糖纳米微球的制备与表征

采用原位聚合法制备分散性良好、粒径在300nm以下、兼具磁性能与荧光性能的Fe3O4／壳聚糖纳米微球,通过XRD、IR和SEM等对产物的组成、结构和微观形貌进行表征,利用荧光光谱分析Fe3O4壳聚糖纳米微球进行光学性能测试,实验结果表明,通过交联反应,Fe3O4被壳聚糖所包覆,产物显示出了非常好的荧光性能,并且在外加磁场下具有明显的磁响应行为。     

纳米TiO_2/交联淀粉复合微球的合成研究

在反相微乳液体系中通过原位聚合,制备了纳米TiO2/交联淀粉复合微球.通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、粒度分析等对复合微球的结构进行了表征.结果表明:复合微球形态圆整,平均粒径为21.2μm,表面多孔;N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺与淀粉发生交联共聚,纳米TiO2粒子与淀粉发生羟基键合;复合微球的结晶度由于TiO2的存在显著降低.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.