Capillary haemangioma of the ethmoid

Capillary haemangiomas involving the ethmoid are rare. Two cases are reported here. Both the cases presented with recurrent severe ephtaxis. In both the cases there were erosion of the middle turbinate. Endoscopic sinus surgery was done.     

Fibrous dysplasia of ethmoid - a rare presentation

Monostatic fibrous dysplasia involving th ethmoid is one of the rarest lesions. The clinico-pathologhical featutres and management are described.     

Primary ectopic meningioma in the right ethmoid sinus: a case report

A 29-year-old female with primary ectopic meningioma in the right ethmoid sinus was reported. She was treated by a right lateral rhinotomy with total removal of the tumor and the subsequent clinical course was good. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance image (MRI) was most informative to define the tumor and decide the surgical procedure, in which it was demonstrated as well circumscribed mass lesion with considerable homogeneous contrast enhancement.     

与鼻内窥镜下鼻腔泪囊造孔术有关的前筛窦应用解剖

本文对６０具成人尸头有鼻内窥镜鼻腔泪囊造孔术的前筛窦解剖进行了研究，根据前筛窦与泪囊窝的解剖关系将前筛窦气房气化范围分为三度，结果为属Ｉ度者有２３．３３％，Ⅱ度者有５７．５０％，Ⅲ度者有１９．１７％。这种分度法对鼻内鼻腔泪囊造孔术具有临床指导意义。     

Mucocele of the ethmoid sinus

A 15-year-old female was evaluated for pain in the region of the right medial canthus and increasing exophthalmos. She had been diagnosed as having pseudo-tumor of the right orbit when she was 8 years old. The diagnosis was sustained until a second ophthalmologist requested a CT scan which demonstrated a mucocele of the right ethmoid sinus. Intranasal endoscopy revealed medial bulging of the right middle turbinate and meatus. Following a right external ethmoidectomy the eye returned to its normal position and pain disappeared. She has been asymptomatic for the past 4 years.     

Preoperative CT scanning for endoscopic sinus surgery: a rational approach

Recent research on inflammatory sinus disease has implicated a central role for the ethmoid labyrinth, which may influence changes in the maxillary and frontal sinuses. CT can provide excellent definition of the paranasal sinuses and particularly the ethmoids, which is a prerequisite for endoscopic surgery. We describe a prospective series of 110 coronal CT scans performed on patients with a clinical diagnosis of sinusitis who had undergone diagnostic nasal endoscopies and medical treatment prior to surgery. 86% of the scans showed abnormal mucosal thickening. The ethmoids were affected in 73% and the maxillary sinus in 64%. Pneumatization of the middle turbinate was a common variant and when present was associated with anterior ethmoid disease in 60% of patients. Anterior ethmoid inflammatory changes were demonstrable in 95% of patients with maxillary sinus disease. Direct coronal CT can readily demonstrate disease in the infundibulum, frontal recess and posterior ethmoids in the same orientation confronting the endoscopist, and helps in the planning of ethmoidal surgery. Following surgery the sinuses can be directly inspected in outpatients which reduces the need for any further plain radiographs. It is important that the diagnosis of sinusitis is not based on CT findings alone as isolated areas of mucosal thickening are common in the normal population.     

Computed tomographic and anatomical analysis of the basal lamellas in the ethmoid sinus

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the exact anatomical structure of the lamellas in the ethmoid sinus by computed tomography (CT) and anatomical analysis. STUDY DESIGN: Cadaver dissections and CT scans were used to compare lamellar structures and their radiological images. METHODS: Anatomical microdissection of 100 midsagittal sections from adult cadaver head specimens were examined and compared with those of sagittal CT scans at 1-mm intervals. RESULTS: The posteroinferior end of the uncinate process attaching to the inferior turbinate divided the fontanelle into the anterior and posterior portions in the majority of cases. The basal lamellas of the bulla ethmoidalis were subdivided into three major types. The posteroinferior portion of its basal lamella was connected to the lower horizontal portion of the third basal lamella in all cases. The anterior indentation of the third lamella was identified in nine cases, but there was no indentation in the posterior direction. The basal lamella of the superior turbinate was attached to the skull base superiorly either separately or fused to the third lamella, and its posteroinferior portion was attached to the lowest portion of the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. The supreme turbinate existed in 50 cases; however, its basal lamella was identified in only 15 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the lamellas of the ethmoid sinus have relatively uniform patterns, although there is variability in shape. It is hoped that this study will provide surgeons with a more detailed structure of the basal lamellas for better surgical results and lower complication rates.     

CT扫描对前筛窦及其毗邻结构的研究

将40具完整成人尸头进行冠状位及横断位CT扫描，其中部分尸头还运用横断位CT扫描重建矢状位CT扫描，对前筛窦及其毗邻结构进行观察。结果示：根据CT扫描，可将前筛窦气房分为4组：即漏斗前筛房（出现率87．5％）、漏斗外气房（出现率82．7％）、漏斗后气房（出现率86．3％）、筛泡筛房（出现率100．0％）；同时又可将前筛窦分为筛内型（出现率71．2％）和筛外型（出现率28．8％）。表明CT扫描能充分显示前筛窦气房的气化变异及其邻近结构的影像学特征。这对于提高鼻内窥镜手术的疗效，减少严重并发症的发生，具有重要的指导意义。     

Anatomical Changes of the Ethmoid Cavity After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Objective: Alteration of the bony architecture of the sinus cavities has been observed in chronic sinusitis. Plasticity of the ethmoid sinus framework after endoscopic surgery, however, is a newly described entity. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and extent of changes in ethmoid size after ethmoidectomy. Study Design: Retrospective review performed at an academic medical center. Methods: Computed tomography scans performed from 2006 through 2007 at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (n = 5,131) were reviewed to identify 100 consecutive patients who underwent sinus surgery and met inclusion criteria. Seven dimensions were measured for each pre‐ and postoperative scan (n = 200) using Voxar 3D software. Results: Computed tomography scans performed before and 2 to 37 months after ethmoidectomy demonstrated a decrease of 1.1 ± 1.6 mm in mean ethmoid cavity width at the level of the cribriform plate and posterior globe after surgery (P < .0001). Twenty‐five patients (25%) had >1 mm decrease in mean ethmoid width, and six patients (6%) had a decrease of >2 mm (mean 3.1 ± 0.9 mm). These findings seemed to be the result of postoperative bowing of the medial ethmoid walls with a corresponding increase in orbital volume. These volumetric changes resulted in a postoperative subclinical retrodisplacement (enophthalmos) of the globes (mean 0.2 ± 0.8 mm, P = .008). The extent of surgery, including performance of frontal recess dissection (P = .007) and total ethmoidectomy (P = .021) were found to be independent predictors of the observed changes in sinus dimensions. Conclusions: Postsurgical plasticity of the ethmoid cavity is a new concept supported by observed changes in sinus dimensions after ethmoidectomy. These changes may reflect a loss of internal structural support and forces of contracture during the postoperative healing period.     

鼻内窥镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术的有关前组筛窦应用解剖

目的：为鼻内窥下鼻腔泪囊吻合术提供解剖学指导。方法：对１６具（３２侧）成人尸头的前组筛窦解剖进行研究,同时观察了钩突与眶内仙壁的毗邻结构关系。结果：根据前组筛窦与泪囊窝的解剖关系将前组筛窦分为三种类型：Ⅰ型为前组筛房前界达泪囊窝的后泪嵴;Ⅱ型为前组筛房前界达泪窝的泪颌缝;Ⅲ型为前组筛前界超过泪凳缝达前泪嵴。其中Ⅰ型占３１．２％,Ⅱ型占５０．％,Ⅲ型占１８．８％,结论：对不同类型的鼻泪管阻塞的患者,     

Adenocarcinoma of Ethmoid: a GETTEC retrospective multicenter study of 418 cases

OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors and evaluate the treatment of ethmoid adenocarcinoma. Epidemiologic data were recorded and compared with the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter and retrospective study. The medical records of 418 patients who had presented with ethmoid adenocarcinoma at 11 French hospitals from 1976 to 2001 were analyzed to determine the clinical characteristics and treatment of the disease. RESULTS: The gender ratio was 2.8 men per 1 woman. Toxic exposure was classic for this lesion, exposure to wood and leather for most cases. The mean age was 63 years (range 31-91). Symptoms were nonspecific and based on clinical rhinologic signs. Nasal endoscopy after mucosal retraction was found useful to evaluate the extension of the lesion and to perform biopsies. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imagery must be carried out prior to treatment to define extra nasal extension. The survival rate was significantly influenced by the size of the lesion (T4, N+) and extension to brain or dura. Surgery with postoperative radiotherapy remains the treatment of choice. Total excision must be a major priority, as confirmed in our series. CONCLUSION: This retrospective study was, to our knowledge, the largest ever reported in the literature. This series confirmed the risk factor of this lesion as well as the lesion's influence on the survival rate. Surgery is the most important part of the treatment. Local recurrences were responsible for the poor prognosis of this lesion.     

前组筛窦相关解剖变异的CT影像学观察及临床意义

目的：探讨国人前组筛窦的相关解剖变异,为临床手术提供参照数据和资料。方法:回顾性分析263例患者前组筛窦的影像学资料,对前组筛窦相关解剖变异进行统计和评估,并进行年龄相关性比较。结果:筛泡肥大和中鼻甲气化的出现率在成年组和未成年组差异有统计学意义。结论:CT检查不仅可以评估病变,而且可以检出与鼻腔-鼻窦疾病手术危险性相关的解剖变异,有助于预防鼻内镜手术并发症的发生。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎筛窦骨质病理形态学改变及其相关因素分析

目的:研究慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(CRS)筛窦骨质病理形态学改变的相关因素。方法:CRS患者180例,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型各60例,鼻内镜手术中取带有筛窦黏膜的筛骨标本送病理苏木精-伊红染色,对其病理形态学改变严重程度进行分级。统计不同临床分型其病理分级的例数及所占比率。分析筛窦骨质病理改变严重程度与筛窦黏膜病理改变程度、筛窦CT分型、病程长短及是否有手术史的关系。结果:所有患者筛窦骨质发生不同程度的病理形态学改变。病理分级:Ⅰ级5例(2.78%),Ⅱ级38例(21.11%),Ⅲ级71例(39.44%),Ⅳ级66例(36.67%)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型的筛骨病理分级结果:Ⅰ型,Ⅰ级5例(8.33%),Ⅱ级33例(55.00%),Ⅲ级15例(25.00%),Ⅳ级7例(11.67%);Ⅱ型,Ⅱ级5例(8.33%),Ⅲ级37例(61.67%),Ⅳ级18例(30.00%);Ⅲ型,Ⅲ级19例(31.67%),Ⅳ级41例(68.33%)。180例CRS患者不同临床分型、筛窦黏膜病理改变严重程度、不同筛窦CT分型、病程长短及是否有手术史与筛窦骨质病理分级均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论:CRS筛窦骨质发生不同程度的病理形态学改变,其...