制备因素对粉煤灰-锰渣制备沸石分子筛钙离子交换能力的影响

以粉煤灰和锰渣为原料,采用碱熔融-水热合成法制备沸石分子筛.研究了煅烧温度、原料组成、硅铝比、碱浓度、水热时间和温度对钙离子吸附能力的影响,并利用XRD、SEM-EDS、FT-IR和TG-DSC等手段表征了产物的晶体形貌、骨架结构和热稳定性.结果表明,制备沸石分子筛的最佳工艺条件为:煅烧温度800 ℃,锰渣掺量40%,硅铝比3.5,碱浓度3 mol· L-1,水热温度90 ℃,水热时间16 h,在此条件下制备的NaX型沸石分子筛结晶度较高,700℃下骨架结构未发生坍塌,具有较好的热稳定性,钙离子交换量高达392.58 mgCaCO3/g.     

碱熔法与固相法制备4A型粉煤灰沸石的研究

以粉煤灰为原料,采用碱熔法与固相法合成4A型沸石.研究了煅烧时间与温度、碱灰比、液固比、陈化时间与晶化时间对沸石产品的阳离子交换性能(CEC)的影响.通过XRD、SEM、TG-DTA等对产品进行表征.结果表明650℃下煅烧1h、碱灰比1.2:1 g·g-1、液固比5:1 g·g-1、陈化12h、90 ℃下晶化6h,碱熔法合成产物为单一晶型4A型沸石;在650℃下煅烧2h、碱灰比0.5:1 g·g-1、液固比2.7:1g·g-、陈化1h、90℃晶化3.5h条件下,固相法产物主要为4A型沸石.碱熔法及固相法粉煤灰沸石CEC值可分别为357.31 mmol/100g和253.86 mmol·100 g-1,达到相应商品沸石的127.93％和90.89％.     

麦羟基硅钠石的可控合成及其阳离子交换性能研究

目前,开发绿色高效的重金属吸附材料受到人们的广泛关注。以硅藻土为原料,经水热法选择性地制备了2类硅酸盐材料即麦羟基硅钠石和方沸石。吸附测试结果表明,麦羟基硅钠石层间的钠离子能够与锂离子、镁离子、锌离子、钴离子、镍离子、铜离子等进行阳离子交换且能保持层状母体框架的稳定性。以钴离子、镍离子为例深入研究其吸附动力学和吸附机制发现,钴离子和镍离子的嵌入分别将麦羟基硅钠石的层间距由本征的1.56 nm减小到0.24、0.23 nm;室温下,对钴离子、镍离子的最大吸附量分别可达45、39 mg/g,均符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;钠离子的置换量大约是吸附的钴离子、镍离子量的两倍,证实层间离子交换主导吸附化学过程。因此,麦羟基硅钠石材料在多金属硅酸盐功能材料的合成以及环境吸附净化领域具有较大的应用潜力。     

New strategy of creation of local catalytic sites in definite electronic and coordination states

Atomic-scale engineering of catalytic functions of isolated redox sites in confined environments of zeolitic channels is proposed as a new approach to the investigation of structure-properties relationship in heterogeneous ‘biomimetic’ catalysis. It is shown that the design of such catalysts, on the base of high-silica zeolites, containing isolated transition-metal cations as active redox sites, may present promising opportunities for creation of new types of contacts from a practical point of view. A detailed analysis of transition-metal cation incorporation into high-silica zeolites by either conventional or solid-state exchange is given. Stabilization of one or several transition-metal ions by matrices of high-silica zeolites (mainly H-ZSM-5) is discussed. The influence of different factors on the processes of cationic-species stabilization is analyzed. These data are correlated with the results of catalytic testing in reactions of total oxidation of hydrocarbons (HC), direct decomposition of NO_x and SCR of NO_x by HC. The relationship between catalytic activity and selectivity of cationic sites and their coordination and electronic state, regulated by either thermal treatment or introduction of different anionic ligands, is analyzed.     

001×7阳离子交换树脂用于水处理过程中变红、变棕、粉碎对工作交换容量的影响

分析了 0 0 1× 7阳离子交换树脂用于水处理过程中变红、变棕和粉碎对工作交换容量的不同影响程度。提出了正常使用变红、变棕和非受冻粉碎后的树脂的可使用性与受冻粉碎后工作交换容量的不可恢复性。　　 [关键词 ]阳离子交换树脂 ;粉碎 ;工作交换容量     

用离子交换树脂祛除低聚糖中的葡萄糖

使用经过钙化改性的D61大孔离子交换树脂对发酵法制造的低聚糖进行分离提纯,对操作条件进行了优 化。实验结果显示,在树脂柱规格为Φ9mm×7000 mm、进样量35 mL,工作温度70℃,用水作洗脱剂,控制洗脱速度在 6 mL·min-1的条件下,可以基本祛除低聚糖中的葡萄糖,使低聚糖含量由60％提高到90％以上,葡萄糖含量少于2％。     

乙酸铵静置交换测定土壤阳离子交换量的方法优化

针对现有土壤阳离子交换量测定标准的不足,为了提高分析效率、减少试剂消耗,采用乙酸铵静置交换对测定方法的前处理过程进行改进,结合全自动定氮仪测定土壤中阳离子交换量.结果 表明,对不同酸碱性质的土壤标准样品进行测定,其结果均在允许的误差范围内,相对误差为0.8％ ～ 1.0％,测定土壤标准样品及实际样品的相对标准偏差为1....     

ZEOLITE SYNTHESIS FROM PAPER SLUDGE ASH VIA ACID LEACHING

Paper sludge ash (PSA) typically has a low Si abundance and significant Ca content due to the presence of calcite fillers. Acid leaching with HCl was used to reduce the Ca content so that a zeolitic product with a high cation exchange capacity (CEC) could be synthesized. Zeolitic products were synthesized from raw ash and leached ash through reaction with 2.5 M NaOH solution at 80°C. In the case of the original ash without acid leaching, the concentration of Al in the alkali solution always exceeded that of Si during the synthesis, and hydroxysodalite with a low Si/Al ratio (1:1) was formed. In the case of the leached ash, the concentration of Si always exceeded that of Al during the synthesis, and zeolite-P with a higher Si/Al ratio (5:3) was formed. Hydroxysodalite and zeolite-P crystallization was saturated after 6 h of reaction, and the product from leached ash had a higher CEC (approximately 150 cmol/kg) than that from original ash (approximately 40 cmol/kg). Both the decrease in the Ca phase in the leached ash and the corresponding increase in the Si and Al amorphous phases play an important role in zeolite synthesis.     

高交换容量强酸型阳离子交换树脂的合成研究

强酸型阳离子交换树脂在许多领域有着重要用途。交换容量是影响树脂应用效果的重要参数,更高的交换容量往往赋予树脂更好的应用性能。本文探讨了高交换容量强酸型阳离子交换树脂的合成方法,结合致孔剂对聚合物内部物理结构的影响机理,采用在单体中加入少量致孔剂的方法得到改性的苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物,再经磺化制备树脂。通过实验优化,得到了钠型交换容量为4.82 mmol/g（干树脂）的凝胶型树脂（交联度为7%）,且机械强度好。     

微波辐射干法制备钠基蒙脱土

提出一种在微波辐射下干法制备钠基蒙脱土的新方法。该法先用溶解有Nacl的乙醇溶液湿润钙基蒙脱土,然后置于微波场中进行加热干燥处理3min,即可得到阳离子交换容量达到1．32mmol／g的钠基蒙脱土,与传统的方法对比,本方法具有反应时间短、工艺简单、能耗少及阳离子交换容量高等特点。     

钙基膨润土改性制备钠基膨润土

以10%Na2CO3溶液作为改性剂将钙基膨润土改性成钠基膨润土,探讨了改性剂用量和不同搅拌时间下各自的阳离子交换容量,结果表明,10%Na2CO3溶液的投加量为4%、搅拌时间为20 min时,阳离子交换容量是各改性土样中最大的;经过改性的钠基膨润土比未经改性的原钙基膨润土阳离子交换容量大。     

粉煤灰分步溶出硅铝制备纯沸石分子筛的研究

研究了一种由粉煤灰合成纯沸石分子筛的新工艺,粉煤灰与碳酸钠混合焙烧生成硅酸钠和硅铝酸钠,用少量水浸取其中的硅酸钠,含硅铝酸钠的残余物用碱液浸取.实验发现,在碱溶过程中溶液中的硅铝存在过饱和现象,在过饱和期内实现固液分离,可提取粉煤灰中的硅铝用于合成X型、A型、P型纯沸石产品.1 kg粉煤灰合成310～560 g纯沸石.晶化导向剂和晶种对沸石晶型和晶化时间有很大影响.经仪器和化学分析方法对沸石产品从矿物组成和阳离子交换容量进行表征,制得产品的阳离子交换容量可达3.2～ 4.7meq/g,纯度较高.     

Evaluation of soil phosphate status where phosphate rock based fertilizers have been used

Soil phosphorus (P) tests have usually been calibrated using regression relationships between test values and crop yields for soils with a history of soluble P fertilizer use. However, the regression relationships have frequently been found to be different where phosphate rock (PR) based fertilizers have been used. Consequently, the traditional soil P tests often give incorrect estimates of soil P status of PR fertilized soils where calibrations were derived using soils treated with soluble P fertilizers. Alkaline soil tests (e.g., Olsen, Colwell) usually underestimate, while acid tests (e.g., Truog, Bray 2) usually overestimate, the soil P status of PR fertilized soils where normal calibrations are used. Several ways of overcoming this problem are discussed. Separate calibrations can be used for soluble and PR based fertilizers. In practice, this could involve mathematical modification of test values obtained with PR fertilized soils to enable use of the normal calibrations. Soil and fertilizer P models are available which use fertilizer history to derive current fertilizer recommendations and/or predict consequences of different fertilizer strategies. These could be extended to include functions describing the dissolution of PR in soil. This requires more detailed information on PR dissolution rates in different soils. Two soil tests for use with both soluble P and PR fertilized soils have recently been developed. They are the iron-oxide impregnated paper and the mixed anion exchange membrane/cation exchange membrane tests. While more evaluation is required in field situations, evidence to date indicates that both tests show promise.     

不同沸石基体、固相离子交换法制备铜型抗菌沸石

对不同的沸石基体,采用固相离子交换法合成铜型抗菌沸石,考察了反应温度、反应时间、氯化铜用量等因素对铜离子交换量的影响,试验结果表明:当反应时间为2.5 h,反应温度为773K,氯化铜与沸石投料质量比为0.6∶1时,4A沸石可获得最大的铜离子交换量。     

粉煤灰的综合利用

分析粉煤灰的物理化学性质,针对目前粉煤灰对环境污染严重并且利用率较低等特点,结合我国的实际情况,综述了粉煤灰在废水处理、建筑材料、修筑道路等领域的综合利用现状,提出多种切实可行的方案,为在实践中推广粉煤灰的利用奠定理论基础,对粉煤灰综合利用的发展趋势作了乐观的展望及当前利用中存在的问题提出看法。