挤压态CuCr25合金热变形行为及其加工图

在Gleeble-3500D热模拟试验机上,对挤压态CuCr25合金在应变速率为0.01~10s~(-1),变形温度为750~900℃的条件下进行恒温压缩模拟实验.结果表明:挤压态CuCr25合金在热变形过程中流变应力随变形温度升高和应变速率降低而减小;可用双曲正弦模型来描述合金的流变行为,其平均激活能为383.4kJ/mol;基于动态材料模型获得了挤压态CuCr25合金的热加工图,并结合金相显微组织分析得到了该合金在实验参数范围内较优的热加工工艺参数范围:加工温度830~900℃,应变速率为0.01~0.1s-1.     

电热合金Cr20 Ni80的热变形行为及热加工图

为了解决Cr20 Ni80电热合金锻造开裂的问题,在Gleeb-1500D热模拟试验机上对该合金进行热压缩试验,研究变形温度为900~1220℃,应变速率为0.001~10 s-1条件下的热变形行为,并根据动态材料模型建立合金的热加工图.合金的真应力-真应变曲线呈现稳态流变特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;热变形过程中稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦本构方程来描述,其激活能为371.29 kJ·mol-1.根据热加工图确定了热变形流变失稳区及热变形过程的最佳工艺参数,其加工温度为1050~1200℃,应变速率为0.03~0.08 s-1.优化的热加工工艺在生产中得到验证.     

Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金热加工图及其组织演变

采用热模拟试验机对Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金进行等温压缩试验,获得变形温度为750~900℃和应变速率为0.001~1 s 1时的真应力真应变曲线,并运用修正后的试验数据建立真应变为0.7的热加工图。通过显微组织观察,分析合金的变形机理,确定热变形失稳区。研究结果表明:Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金加工温度范围较宽,当加工温度低于800℃且变形速率大于0.1 s 1时易发生绝热剪切,造成流变失稳;随着变形温度升高,功率耗散因子η有增大趋势,合金的流动软化机制由动态回复逐渐变为动态再结晶,显微组织也随之细化、均匀。     

4045铝合金热变形行为及其加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对4045铝合金在变形速率为0.01~10 s-1，变形温度为300~450 ℃条件下进行等温热压缩实验，研究了该合金的热变形行为及其热加工特性.结果表明：4045铝合金热变形过程的流变行为可用双曲正弦模型来描述，其平均激活能为189.93 kJ/mol.基于动态材料模型(DMM)获得了4045铝合金的热加工图，并结合热加工图和金相显微组织分析得到了该合金在实验参数范围内较优的热加工工艺参数范围：加工温度为380~450℃，变形速率为0.1~0.3 s-1.     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金热变形行为

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,在变形温度650～850℃、应变速率0.001～10 s^-1和总压缩应变量50%的条件下,对Cu-Cr-Zr合金的流变应力行为进行研究.通过应力-应变曲线和显微组织图分析了合金在不同应变速率、不同应变温度下的变化规律.结果表明：应变速率和变形温度对合金再结晶影响较大,变形温度越高,合金越容易发生动态再结晶;应变速率越小,合金也同样容易发生动态再结晶,并且对应的峰值应力也越小.从流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,得出了该合金热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q和流变应力方程.研究分析Cu-Cr-Zr合金的热加工性能,可为生产实践提供理论指导与借鉴.     

Mg-6.3Zn-0.7Zr-0.9Y-0.3Nd合金高温变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机进行热压缩试验,研究Mg-6.3Zn-0.7Zr-0.9Y-0.3Nd合金在变形温度T=623～773K、应变速率ε=0.001～1 S-1时的变形行为,并根据动态材料模型(DMM)建立该合金的热加工图.研究结果表明:该合金在区间1(T=643～703K,ε=0.001～0.1 S-1)以及区间2(T=703～773K,ε=0.005～0.1 s-1)变形时,功率耗散效率均大于30％;区域内合金具有典型的动态再结晶组织,因而两区域对应的变形工艺为该合金的最佳热变形工艺;合金热变形的2个流变失稳区分别为:T=623～643 K,ε=0.1～1 s-1;T=703～760 K,ε=0.3～1 S-1.     

添加W对Ti-Al-Cr-Nb铸态合金高温变形的影响

通过非自耗电弧熔炼及氩气保护浇铸方法,合成不同W含量的Ti-Al-Cr-Nb合金。采用高温拉伸测试及显微组织观察,研究添加W对Ti-Al-Cr-Nb铸态合金的显微组织及其高温变形影响。研究结果表明:W的添加使Ti-Al-Cr-Nb合金的铸态组织得到细化;在800℃时基体合金的伸长率从0.62%提高到90%;在高温变形过程中,添加W使Ti-Al-Cr-Nb铸态合金的最大伸长率从620%降低到200%,而最大伸长率相应的温度从850℃增大到1 050℃。不同W含量的Ti-Al-Cr-Nb铸态合金在800～1100℃的高温变形机制主要是晶粒滑动,而添加W使晶粒滑动的协调过程由晶界扩散转化为体扩散。     

Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金在热压缩变形中的流变应力

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对Al-0.80Mg-0.63Si-0.61Cu合金进行等温热压缩试验,研究其在高温压缩变形中的流变应力行为.研究结果表明：流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随变形温度的升高而降低,在高应变速率和较低温度条件下,应力出现锯齿波动,呈不连续再结晶特征;该铝合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数来描述,其变形激活能为176.54 kJ/mol.     

Mg-Sr-Al-Y合金的微观组织结构与高温压缩变形行为

为改善镁合金耐热性能,以Mg-Sr-Y三元合金为基础,采用"熔-浸"还原法,制备Mg-Sr-Al-Y合金。借助XRD、OM、SEM、TEM和带有加热装置的万能拉伸试验机等手段,研究分析了Mg-Sr-Al-Y合金的显微组织、力学性能和高温压缩变形机制。结果表明:Mg-Sr-Al-Y合金由α-Mg、Mg17Sr2和Al2Y相组成;Mg-Sr-Al-Y合金的流变应力随压缩温度升高而降低,随应变速率增大而提高;应变速率较低时,Mg-Sr-Al-Y合金再结晶较为明显。该研究通过添加金属Al,明显改善了Mg-Sr-Y合金的显微组织,提高了Mg-Sr-Al-Y合金的高温压缩性能。     

800H合金热变形行为研究

通过高温单道次压缩实验,研究800H合金在变形温度850～1 050℃和应变速率0.01～10 s-1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织变化.根据单道次压缩实验数据,绘制了不同变形条件下的800H合金真应力-真应变曲线,通过非线性回归建立了流变应力数学模型;通过线性回归建立了不同温度区间内热变形本构方程.分析了热变形条件对合金微观组织的影响,结果表明:动态再结晶更有可能发生在低应变速率和高变形温度的变形条件下;当变形温度低于950℃时,沿晶界析出的Cr23C6粒子对动态再结晶的发生有一定的抑制作用.     

Constitutive behavior and processing maps of low-expansion GH909 superalloy

The hot deformation behavior of GH909 superalloy was studied systematically using isothermal hot compression tests in a temperature range of 960 to 1040℃ and at strain rates from 0.02 to 10 s-1 with a height reduction as large as 70%. The relations considering flow stress, temperature, and strain rate were evaluated via power-law, hyperbolic sine, and exponential constitutive equations under different strain conditions. An exponential equation was found to be the most appropriate for process modeling. The processing maps for the superalloy were constructed for strains of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 on the basis of the dynamic material model, and a total processing map that includes all the investigated strains was proposed. Metallurgical instabilities in the instability domain mainly located at higher strain rates manifested as adiabatic shear bands and cracking. The stability domain occurred at 960-1040℃ and at strain rates less than 0.2 s-1; these conditions are recommended for optimum hot working of GH909 superalloy.     

Hot deformation behavior of uniform fine-grained GH4720Li alloy based on its processing map

The hot deformation behavior of uniform fine-grained GH4720Li alloy was studied in the temperature range from 1040 to 1130℃ and the strain-rate range from 0.005 to 0.5 s?1 using hot compression testing. Processing maps were constructed on the basis of compression data and a dynamic materials model. Considerable flow softening associated with superplasticity was observed at strain rates of 0.01 s?1 or lower. According to the processing map and observations of the microstructure, the uniform fine-grained microstructure remains intact at 1100℃ or lower because of easily activated dynamic recrystallization (DRX), whereas obvious grain growth is observed at 1130℃. Metallurgical instabilities in the form of non-uniform microstructures under higher and lower Zener–Hollomon parameters are induced by local plastic flow and primary γ′ local faster dissolution, respectively. The optimum processing conditions at all of the investigated strains are proposed as 1090–1130℃ with 0.08–0.5 s?1 and 0.005–0.008 s?1 and 1040–1085℃ with 0.005–0.06 s?1.     

Study on the thermal deformation behavior and microstructure of FGH96 heat extrusion alloy during two-pass hot deformation

The change rules associated with hot deformation of FGH96 alloy were investigated by isothermal two-pass hot deformation tests in the temperature range 1050–1125°C and at strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 s~(-1) on a Gleeble 3500 thermo-simulation machine. The results showed that the softening degree of the alloy between passes decreases with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rates. The critical strain of the first-pass is greater than that of the second-pass. The true stress–true strain curves showed that single-peak dynamic recrystallization, multi-peak dynamic recrystallization, and dynamic response occur when the strain rate is 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 s~(-1), respectively. The alloy contains three different grain structures after hot deformation: partially recrystallized tissue, completely fine recrystallized tissue, coarse-grained grains. The small-angle grain boundaries increase with increasing temperature. Increasing strain rates cause the small-angle grain boundaries to first increase and then decrease.     

纯镍N6平面热压缩变形行为及加工图

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机对纯镍N6在变形温度800~1100℃,应变速率5~40 s-1,应变量70%条件下进行了高温塑性变形压缩试验,分析纯镍N6高温高应变速率热变形行为,得到了材料在不同变形参数条件下的组织变化规律及流变应力变化曲线,利用动态材料模型绘制出了纯镍N6在不同应变条件下的热加工图。通过对组织及热加工图的分析研究,得出变形温度为1000~1100℃,应变速率为5~7 s-1或20~40 s-1以及变形温度为800~900℃,应变速率为5~10 s-1为纯镍N6材料高温高应变速率热变形的两个合理变形参数区间,在参数区间内N6组织均匀;而流变失稳区变形参数条件下得到的组织比较紊乱,晶粒大小不一。纯镍N6热变形后的晶粒尺寸随变形温度升高及应变速率减小而增大。     

新型Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金热压缩流变应力研究

在Gleeble 1500热模拟机上对一种新型Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金热压缩流变应力行为进行了研究,应变速率为 0.005~5 s-1、变形温度为350~550 ℃.结果表明:在较小应变(<0.15)出现一峰值后流变应力随应变的增加有所降低,表现出较明显的动态软化;在实验范围内,流变应力值随着应变速率减少和变形温度升高而降低,可用Zener-Hollomon参数的幂指数关系描述合金的流变应力行为,其变形激活能Q为236 kJ/mol.图5,参11.     

Recrystallization behavior of Ti40 burn-resistant titanium alloy during hot working process

The recrystallization behavior of deformed Ti40 alloy during a heat-treatment process was studied using electron backscatter diffraction and optical microscopy. The results show that the microstructural evolution of Ti40 alloy is controlled by the growth behavior of grain-boundary small grains during the heating process. These small grains at the grain boundaries mostly originate during the forging process because of the alloy’s inhomogeneous deformation. During forging, the deformation first occurs in the grain-boundary region. New small recrystallized grains are separated from the parent grains when the orientation between deformation zones and parent grains exceeds a certain threshold. During the heating process, the growth of these small recrystallized grains results in a uniform grain size and a decrease in the average grain size. The special recrystallization behavior of Ti40 alloy is mainly a consequence of the alloy’s high β-stabilized elemental content and high solution strength of the β-grains, which partially explains the poor hot working ability of Ti–V–Cr-type burn-resistant titanium alloys. Notably, this study on Ti40 burn-resistant titanium alloy yields important information related to the optimization of the microstructures and mechanical properties.     

Deformation behavior and microstructural evolution during hot compression of an a+b Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy

The effect of processing parameters on the flow response and microstructural evolution of the a+b titanium alloy Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si has been studied by conducting isothermal hot compressive tests at a strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1 at 860-1100°C. The true stress-true strain curves of the sample hot-compressed in the a+b phase region exhibit a peak stress followed by continuous flow softening, whereas in the b region, the flow stress attains a steady-state regime. At a strain rate of 10 s-1, the alloy exhibits plastic flow insta-bilities. According to the kinetic rate equation, the apparent activation energies are estimated to be about 674-705 kJ/mol in the a+b region and 308-335 kJ/mol in the b region, respectively. When deformed in the a+b region, the globularization process of the a colony structure occurs, and a dynamic recrystallized microstructures are observed to show bimodal. Dynamic recrystallization can take place in the b region irrespective of starting deformed structures.     

粉末高温合金FGH97疲劳裂纹扩展行为

测定不同晶粒尺寸、γ'相以及不同Hf含量的粉末高温合金FGH97在650℃高温条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并将其与FGH95和FGH96两代粉末合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行对比. 用定量分析的方法对FGH97合金在疲劳断裂各个阶段的行为特征进行分析. 较大晶粒尺寸的FGH97合金具有较低的裂纹扩展速率,合理的二次和三次γ'相匹配析出,可以获得较高的疲劳寿命;Hf元素的添加使合金的整体疲劳寿命增大;FGH97合金与FGH95和FGH96相比,具有较高的疲劳裂纹萌生抗力,更低的高温疲劳裂纹扩展速率.     

Hot deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing Nb and V

The flow curves of an ultra-high nitrogen austenitic steel containing niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) were obtained by hot compression deformation at temperatures ranging from 1000℃ to 1200℃ and strain rates ranging from 0.001 s-1 to 10 s-1. The mechanical behavior during hot deformation was discussed on the basis of flow curves and hot processing maps. The microstructures were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. The relationship between deformation conditions and grain size after dynamic recrystallization was obtained. The results show that the flow stress and peak strain both increase with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate. The hot deformation activation energy is approximately 631 kJ/mol, and a hot deformation equation is proposed. (Nb,V)N precipitates with either round, square, or irregular shapes are observed at the grain boundaries and in the matrix after deformation. According to the discussion, the hot working should be processed in the temperature range of 1050℃ to 1150℃ and in the strain rate range of 0.01 to 1 s-1.