工业化超疏水TiO2涂层的简易制备和性能研究

为探究适合工业化生产用超疏水纳米TiO₂的绿色改性工艺,以饱和脂肪酸A、硅烷B、纳米TiO₂（P25）等为原料制备超疏水TiO₂粉末,与环氧树脂混合后利用喷涂法制备出超疏水涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和接触角分析仪对超疏水粉末和超疏水涂层表面的形貌和疏水性进行了表征。结果表明：超疏水TiO₂粒子表面具有疏水性基团和微-纳米双重粗糙结构,粒子表面的静态水接触角为158°,滚动角为3°;当超疏水TiO₂与环氧树脂的质量比在3.2～3.5时,超疏水涂层既保持超疏水性,又与基底稳固结合,同时具有自清洁性和可修复性。该工艺操作简单方便,成本低,疏水性好,无需特殊设备,工艺环保,适应工业化生产,可用来大面积制备超疏水涂层,拥有较高的商业价值。     

TiO2对磁控溅射Ti-TiO2纳米复合涂层抗菌性能的影响

为预防种植体周围炎,采用反应磁控溅射法在纯Ti片表面制备了Ti-TiO₂纳米复合涂层,改变Ti靶材与TiO₂靶材的拼接比例,研究纳米TiO₂体积分数对涂层微观结构和抗菌性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、接触角测量仪对样品进行微观组织的表征以及表面粗糙度和润湿性能的测量,采用CCK-8法(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)对涂层进行细胞毒性测试,采用平板涂布计数法对涂层进行抗菌性能评价。结果表明,当Ti靶材与TiO₂靶材的拼接比例为95∶5时,Ti-TiO₂涂层含纳米TiO₂量最多,涂层的表面粗糙度以及与液相接触角达到最大值,分别为1.28 nm和100.42°,涂层无细胞毒性,符合生物安全性材料的标准,涂层的抗菌性能最佳,涂层的抑菌率达到了90.94%。     

钛金属表面原位自生K2(Ti8O17)/ TiO2复合生物陶瓷涂层的制备及其生物相容性

采用电化学原位自生方法在钛基体表面成功制备出了K2(Ti₈O₁₇)/ TiO₂复合生物陶瓷涂层，并对涂层的表面形貌、微观结构及相组成等进行了观察分析.通过模拟体液培养对其生物活性进行了评估.结果表明，所制备的K2(Ti₈O₁₇)/ TiO₂复合陶瓷涂层具有良好的生物相容性和生物活性.     

CdS修饰低密度TiO2纳米棒阵列复合膜的制备及光电性能

为了提高CdS光敏层在TiO₂一维纳米棒阵列中的填充率,在TiO₂种子层的基础上,采用水热法于FTO导电玻璃表面生长了棒长较短、棒间距较大的低密度TiO₂一维纳米棒阵列膜,通过化学浴沉积在TiO₂纳米棒表面包覆CdS种子层,以此为基底采用水热法于TiO₂一维纳米阵列中生长CdS光敏层。采用SEM,XRD及紫外-可见吸收光谱对不同CdS水热生长时间的TiO₂/CdS复合膜结构进行了表征,并对其光电性能进行了研究。结果表明,低密度TiO₂纳米棒阵列有利于CdS生长液在阵列中渗入形成完全包覆的CdS种子层,CdS光敏层通过水热过程在整个TiO₂纳米棒表面均匀生长,逐渐形成CdS对TiO₂纳米棒阵列的完全填充和包覆,并在阵列顶端形成由CdS纳米短棒组成的花状修饰层;CdS的修饰将TiO₂一维纳米阵列膜的光吸收拓展至可见光区,水热生长7 h所得到的TiO₂/CdS复合膜具有最高光电流。所制备的CdS修饰低密度TiO₂纳米棒复合膜在太阳电池器件中具有很好的应用前景。     

TiO2/SiO2/GQDs双层增透膜的制备及其在太阳能板中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO₂ 和TiO₂ 纳米溶胶,采用水热法制备了石墨烯量子点（graphene quantum dots,GQDs）。为进一步提高光伏太阳能板的透光率,设计了一种TiO₂/SiO₂/GQDs双层增透膜结构。探究了薄膜的结构、自清洁性能和增透性能,并进一步讨论了GQDs在增透性中的作用。结果表明,SiO₂-TiO₂/TiO₂-GQDs结构的双层薄膜厚度为120 nm时,太阳能板上的光透过率由未涂敷的85%增加至95%。接触角实验和室外耐环境性能实验测试表明,复合膜层接触角为10°,并具有良好的亲水性和耐环境性能。此外,户外实验结果表明,涂覆该薄膜的太阳能电板发电效率提高6%。由此说明双层增透膜可有效地提高太阳能电池板的光能利用率和使用寿命,可高效地利用太阳能。     

SiO_2/含氟硅聚丙烯酸酯超疏水杂化涂层的制备及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在含氟硅聚丙烯酸酯(FSiPA)乳液中以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体、甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)为改性剂合成疏水性二氧化硅(SiO_2)纳米粒子,将所制SiO_2/FSiPA杂化乳液喷涂在玻璃表面得到超疏水涂层.考察了FSiPA乳液用量和MTES/TEOS物质的量比(M/T)对涂层表面性能的影响,分析了M/T值对涂层微观形貌的影响;讨论了杂化涂层的形成机理,比较了具有相同倾角的超疏水涂层与普通疏水涂层表面的自清洁特性.结果表明,当FSiPA乳液用量为15%及M/T为5时,涂层表面具有很好的成膜性和自清洁特性,疏水性SiO_2纳米粒子能够在涂层表面建立起微纳米粗糙结构,涂层与水的静态接触角(WCA)为154.0°.     

Sb2S3对枝状TiO2阵列的修饰及其在杂化太阳电池中的应用

为了提供多条电子传输通道,增加窄禁带半导体和有机半导体的负载量,采用一步水热法,在FTO基底上制备了由纳米管和纳米线组装而成的枝状TiO₂;通过化学浴沉积法,在枝状TiO₂上成功地制备了窄禁带半导体Sb₂S₃;利用SEM,XRD,紫外-可见吸收光谱,瞬态光电流,稳态荧光光谱及J-V曲线等手段,对样品形貌、晶型、吸光性能和光电性能进行了表征和测试,探究Sb₂S₃沉积时间对电池效率的影响。结果表明：稀疏的枝状TiO₂阵列垂直于FTO导电玻璃生长,为电荷传输提供了有利条件;Sb₂S₃的加入,加强了电极材料对可见光的吸收,提高了光电流强度及荧光猝灭强度,有利于光生载流子的产生和转移;由枝状TiO₂/Sb₂S₃(3 h)/P3HT/PEDOT∶PSS/Au构成的杂化太阳电池的能量转换效率达到了1.10%,是未沉积Sb₂S₃的杂化太阳电池能量转换效率的10倍。在多级结构TiO₂上沉积Sb₂S₃,有利于提高电极材料对可见光的吸收,加强光生载流子的传输能力,拓宽光谱响应范围,提高光电性能,对于解决单纯TiO₂电极吸收强度较弱和光谱响应范围较窄等问题具有重要意义。     

LaVO4/TiO2在分解甲基橙中的光催化性能研究

光催化剂TiO₂在污水有机物降解中有着巨大优势,但由于对光的利用率过低,需要在TiO₂的基础上进行掺杂来改善其光催化性能。本研究利用稀土镧元素对TiO₂进行了掺杂分别制备了LaVO₄/TiO₂和La(NO₃)₃/TiO₂复合光催化剂,并将它们应用于甲基橙的光催化降解反应,证实了LaVO₄对TiO₂的光催化效果有较明显的增强作用。另外还研究了不同pH条件制备和不同掺杂比例的LaVO₄/TiO₂光催化效果,pH在10.56左右制备出的LaVO₄和掺杂比例为5%的LaVO₄制得的LaVO₄/TiO₂复合光催化剂效果较好。     

TiO2/CB-NiCo2O4修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对葡萄糖的电化学测定

利用低温下的水化学生长法合成了镍钴氧化物（NiCo₂O₄）纳米针,因其自组装而表现出立方晶相,再用二氧化钛/炭黑（TiO₂/CB）对NiCo₂O₄表面进行了改性,合成了TiO₂/CB-NiCo₂O₄复合纳米材料.用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX）图谱对材料的形貌进行了表征,运用循环伏安法（CV）、时间-电流（i-t）曲线法考察了TiO₂/CB-NiCo₂O₄修饰玻碳电极的电化学行为.实验发现：TiO₂/CB-NiCo₂O₄修饰电极对葡萄糖的氧化有良好的电催化性能,其线性范围为0.001~1.780 mmol·L^-1,检测限为0.53 μmol·L^-1（信噪比S/N=3）.将该法用于实际样品中葡萄糖的测定,结果令人满意.     

CdS光化学修饰介孔TiO2及其增强的可见光催化活性

[目的]提高介孔TiO₂材料的光催化活性。[方法]采用蒸发诱导自组装法(EISA),以四氯化钛和钛酸丁酯为钛源,嵌段共聚物P123(EO₂₀PO₇₀EO₂₀)为模板剂,制备介孔TiO₂。用光化学修饰法将CdS掺进介孔TiO₂中,合成对可见光有较好响应的复合材料,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)和光催化等手段对样品进行表征。[结果]XRD和TEM结果表明成功合成有序的六方介孔材料;AAS确定复合材料中Cd的含量为0.96mg/g;光催化于500 W氙灯下以2×10^-5mol/L次甲基蓝(MB)为模型污染物,结果显示CdS/TiO₂复合材料的可见光催化活性明显提高。[结论]光化学修饰法制备的介孔CdS/TiO₂复合材料可增强其可见光催化活性。     

Influence of catalyst on structural and morphological properties of TiO2 nanostructured films prepared by sol–gel on glass

Transparent TiO2 thin films have been prepared by the sol-gel method using titanium alkoxides as precursors.Thin films were deposited on glass supports by the dip-coating technique.The TiO2 layer acts as a self-cleaning coating generated from its photocatalysis and photoinduced superhydrophilicity.The crystalline structure of TiO2 films was dominantly identified as the anatase phase,consisted of uniform spherical particles of about 14-50 nm in size,which strongly depends upon catalyst-type and heat treatment temperature.Increasing heat treating temperature can lead to an increase in crystalline size.The results indicated that the sample S.S(sample derived from sol containing sulfuric acid as catalyst) exhibits superhydrophilic nature and better photocatalytic activity,which can be attributed to its higher anatase content and lower crystalline size.Morphological studies,carried out using Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM),confirm the presence of crystalline phase with such a grain size and low surface roughness.Thus,the applied films exhibiting high photocatalytic activity,superhydrophilic behavior,and low surface roughness can be used as an efficient self-cleaning coating on glass and other optical applications.     

超疏水表面仿生原型制备技术研究分析

超疏水表面(superhydrophobic surface)是指水滴静态接触角>150°且滚动角<10°的材料表面,广泛应用于自清洁、防腐蚀、疏水抑冰与船舰减阻等诸多工程领域。基于仿生工程学原理,人们对典型超疏水仿生原型进行广泛研究,以期获取超疏水表面研制的理论基础。从呈现超疏水润湿现象的典型动植物体表入手,综述其表面微形貌结构特征对超疏水润湿特性的影响机制,介绍材料表面超疏水润湿行为量化表征的数学模型;重点关注仿生超疏水表面制备技术的最新研究进展,包括传统制备方法与3D打印制备技术,以及超疏水表面制备样件的功效表征;分析指出仿生超疏水表面的低成本、大面积、功效持久性是该领域未来发展的重要方向。研究成果可加深学者对超疏水润湿特性的认知,推动超疏水表面仿生研制新思路、新方法、新技术的发展。     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Cu-doped TiO2/SiO2

Cu²⁺-doped nanostructured TiO₂-coated SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) particles were prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly technique and their photocatalytic property was studied. TiO₂ colloids were synthesized by the sol-gel method using TiOSO₄ as a precursor. The experimental results showed that TiO₂ nanopowders on the surface of SiO₂ particles were well distributed and compact. The amount of TiO₂ increased with the increase in coating layers. The shell structure appeared to be composed of anatase titania nanocrystals at 550°C. The 2-layer coated TiO₂ particles on the surface showed a higher degradation rate compared with all the different-layer samples. The photocatalytic activity of Cu²⁺-doped TiO₂/SiO₂ was higher than that of undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The optimum dopant content was about 0.10wt%.     

TiO2-based building materials: Above and beyond traditional applications

In the 1910s, TiO₂ began to be used in building materials as pigments and opacifier due to its excellent optical property. Since the photocatalytic property of TiO₂ was observed in 1972, its application field was expanded to air cleaning and sterilization. Thereafter, people added TiO₂ into building materials to develop novel and facile building materials. These materials were widely used for air cleaning, sterilization, self-cleaning, anti-fogging, decoration, and building cooling. The combination of building and other functions can serve simultaneously. Although TiO₂-based building materials have bright prospects, some aspects such as improving the stability and enhancing photoactive performance of the materials are of importance for future research. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (“863” Program) of China (Grant No. 2007AA061402), Chinese Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Eleventh Five-year Plan (Grant No. 2006BAJ02A08), Hangzhou Science & Technology Development Program (Grant No. 20061133B27) and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20070335197)     

硫化镉/石墨烯/TiO_2纳米棒阵列的光电化学性能

采用水热法在掺氟导电玻璃(FTO)上生长TiO_2纳米棒阵列。通过电化学伏安法将氧化石墨烯还原并沉积在TiO_2纳米棒阵列上,再经过化学水浴沉积硫化镉,形成Cd S/石墨烯/TiO_2阵列复合材料。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及X射线能量色散仪对样品的晶型、形貌以及成分进行分析。通过电化学工作站表征样品交流阻抗、开路电位、光电流响应及光化学能转换效率。结果表明,复合材料的电荷转移电阻约是未修饰的TiO_2纳米棒阵列的1/17,光电流比未修饰的TiO_2纳米棒阵列提高约2.5倍,在外加电压为-0.6 V时可达到2.2%。     

Durable, high conductivity, superhydrophobicity bamboo timber surface for nanoimprint stamps

Superhydrophobic bamboo timber was fabricated by magnetron sputtering and nanoimprint stamps. Conductive copper film was deposited on the surface of bamboo timber, followed by transferring lotus leaf structure pattern to the Cu-bamboo timber surface. Modified by stearic acid, the as-prepared surface with lotus leaf structure showed superhydrophobic property with the water contact angle of 152°, and the sliding angle was only 5°. The coating showed excellent mechanical resistance, environmental stability and high conductivity. It was expected that this work could promote the applications of superhydrophobic and conductive bamboo products.