腾冲早白垩世花岗岩的高分异成因及其构造意义

腾冲地块东缘发育大量早白垩世花岗岩,这些花岗岩普遍具有高硅（69.2%~77.4%）、富钾（K₂O/Na₂O>1.1）、弱过铝-强过铝质（A/CNK=1.03~1.23）及不同程度Eu的负异常（δEu=0.13~0.69）的特征,被认为是S型花岗岩或者是高分异的I型花岗岩。厘清这些花岗岩的成因对于理解腾冲地块早白垩世岩浆活动、构造演化及其与西藏拉萨和羌塘等陆块的构造对应关系具有重要意义。本文选择了腾冲地块中3个典型的早白垩世岩体（明光、勐连、小棠-芒东）中的二长花岗岩、白云母花岗岩及正长花岗岩重点进行了高精度SIMS氧同位素研究,结合SIMS U-Pb年代学、全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素分析探讨了这些花岗岩的成因及构造意义。锆石SIMS U-Pb定年结果表明3个岩体花岗岩的侵位年龄为112~122Ma,SIMS氧同位素分析结果表明这些花岗岩都具有一致的低δ¹⁸O值（6.5‰~7.0‰）。全岩Sr-Nd同位素结果表明它们具有一致的富集同位素特征,（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i变化于0.7062~0.7213,ε_Nd（t）变化于-9.1~-4.7。以上全岩和锆石的地球化学分析结果表明这些花岗岩的源区主要为古老的镁铁质下地壳,属于高分异I型花岗岩,并非前人认为的S型花岗岩。结合前人研究,本文认为这些高分异I型花岗岩可能形成于拉萨-腾冲与羌塘-保山地块碰撞后,中特提斯洋板块发生回转或板片断离的构造背景下,跟拉萨地块北缘岩浆岩带同期构造背景一致,是其东南向延伸。

     

Early Mesozoic metamorphism and tectonic significance of the eastern segment of the Lhasa terrane,south Tibet

The metamorphic belt in the Basongco area, the eastern segment of Lhasa terrane, south Tibet, occurs as the tectonic blocks in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. The Basongco metamorphic rocks are mainly composed of paragneiss and schist, with minor marble and orthogneiss, and considered previously to be the Precambrian basement of the Lhasa terrane. This study shows that the Basongco metamorphic belt experienced medium-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphism under the conditions of T = 640–705 °C and P = 6.0–8.0 kbar. The inherited detrital zircon of the metasedimentary rocks yielded widely variable ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages ranging from 3105 Ma to 500 Ma, with two main age populations at 1150 Ma and 580 Ma. The magmatic cores of zircons from the orthogneiss constrain the protolith age as ca. 203 Ma. The metamorphic zircons from all rocks yielded the consistent metamorphic ages of 192–204 Ma. The magmatic cores of zircons in the orthogneiss yielded old Hf model ages (T_DM2 = 1.5–2.1 Ga). The magmatic zircons from the mylonitized granite yielded a crystallization age of ca. 198 Ma. These results indicate that the high-grade metamorphic rocks from the Basongco area were formed at early Jurassic and associated with coeval magmatism derived from the thickening crust. The Basongco metamorphic belt, together with the western and coeval Sumdo and Nyainqentanglha metamorphic belts, formed a 400-km-long tectonic unit, indicating that the central segment of the Lhasa terrane experienced the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic collisional orogeny.     

Early Jurassic metamorphism of the eastern segment of the Lhasa terrane in South Tibet and its tectonic significance

The metamorphic belt in the Dongjiu area is located in the eastern segment of the Lhasa terrane in South Tibet. The Dongjiu metamorphic rocks are primarily composed of schist and gneiss, with minor amounts of marble, and the protoliths are sedimentary rocks with Precambrian and early Palaeozoic zircons probably deposited during the Palaeozoic or late Neoproterozoic. On the basis of petrology and phase equilibria modelling, this study shows that the Dongjiu metamorphic belt has experienced a kyanite-grade metamorphism, which is characterized by a decompressional vector with slight cooling from a peak of 9.6 kbar and 745°C to medium-pressure amphibolite-facies metamorphic overprinting at 5–6 kbar and 600–630°C. This P–T path was well recorded and recovered by garnet zoning profiles. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in situ U–Pb analyses on metamorphic zircons and zircon rims yielded concordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of c. 194–192 Ma, suggesting that the Dongjiu metamorphic rocks were formed during the Early Jurassic. Therefore, the Dongjiu metamorphic belt, together with the western Nyainqentanglha, Basongco, and Zhala metamorphic belts, constitutes a nearly continuous tectonic unit with an E–W extension of at least 500 km between the northern and southern Lhasa terranes. The metamorphic ages of these belts, ranging from 230 to 192 Ma, show a younger trend from west to east, indicating that the central segment of the Lhasa terrane experienced an eastward asynchronous collisional orogeny during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic.     

Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous volcanism of Hong Kong: Insights from the Ping Chau Formation

The vast expanse of Mesozoic igneous rocks in Hong Kong contain important geological records of late Mesozoic magmatic events and tectonic processes from the coastal region of Southeast China. Of these,the Ping Chau Formation in the northwestern New Territories is the youngest known stratum. We perform a detailed study of the volcanic rocks of the Ping Chau Formation utilizing zircon U-Pb dating,with major and trace elements geochemistry. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data reveal Early Cretaceous age from two volcanic rock samples, with zircon crystallization from magmas at 140.3 ± 0.8 Ma and 139.3 ± 0.9 Ma,respectively. These rocks have high contents of total alkalis(Na_2O + K_2O = 5.58-9.45 wt.%), high-field-strength elements and light rare earth elements, conspicuous negative Eu anomalies, and depletions in Nb, Ta, Ti, Sr, Ba and P. Using this data, in combination with previous studies on the late Mesozoic volcanic belt in Southeast China, we propose that the volcanic rocks of the Ping Chau Formation probably originated from deep melting of the crust in a back-arc extensional setting induced by the subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate. This formation represents the final stages of Early Cretaceous volcanic activity in Hong Kong, as associated with large-scale lithospheric extension, thinning and magmatism. Our results provide new information that can be used in evaluating the significance of Early Cretaceous volcanism and tectonics in Southeast China.     

青藏高原东南缘腾冲早白垩世岩浆岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素组成及其构造意义

早白垩世花岗闪长岩和石英二长岩是腾冲地块内重要的岩石类型,以舍角闪石为特征,其高钠低钾和偏铝质性质展示其Ⅰ型花岗岩的属性.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明花岗闪长岩和石英二长岩分别侵位于122±1.3Ma和125±1.3Ma,其锆石εHf(t)值分别为-9.6～-4.8(平均-6.7±0.7)和-7.8～-4.7(平均-6.3±0.6),对应的单阶段模式年龄为979～1190Ma和975～1113Ma.在εHf(t)-U-Pb年龄图解上所有样品都落在球粒陨石线和下地壳线之间区域,以及较高的Al2O3含量和Th/Hf比值揭示其壳源特征,但锆石εHf(t)值变化范围较大,其绝对值远小于完全由壳源物质部分熔融形成的岩浆岩,以及高Th/Yb、低Ba/La和Yb/Hf比值说明除壳源外,还有幔源组分的加入.岩石富钠贫钾、在微量元素蛛网图和稀土配分曲线图上展示出LILE(Rb、Sr、K和Ba)相对原始地幔强烈富集,Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti和Eu负异常,以及微量元素和常量组分判别图解都显示其形成于俯冲碰撞的构造环境.腾冲早白垩世岩浆岩的形成时代、锆石Lu/Hf同位素组成及其对应的单阶段模式年龄、微量元素特征与中拉萨和拉萨地块东缘的火成岩非常相似,暗示腾冲早白垩世岩浆岩带是中拉萨岩浆岩带的东南延伸部分,是对中特提斯洋壳沿班公湖-怒江缝合带向拉萨-腾冲地块下俯冲碰撞的响应.     

Cambrian granitic gneiss within the central Qiangtang terrane,Tibetan Plateau: implications for the early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the Gondwanan margin

ABSTRACT

The Tibetan Plateau is located in the eastern Himalayan–Alpine orogen, an area where previous research has focused on ophiolites and a high-pressure metamorphic belt, whereas comparatively little research has been undertaken on the Tibetan basement. Cambrian granitic gneiss crops out in the Duguer area of the South Qiangtang terrane in northern Tibet and yields zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb ages of 502–492 Ma, providing insight into the possible existence of basement rocks within the South Qiangtang terrane. The granitic gneisses are geochemically similar to high-K, calc-alkaline S-type granites, and Hf isotopic analysis of zircons within the gneisses yields negative εHf(t) values (–7.4 to – 1.1) and old zircon Hf model ages (T_DM^C = 1757–1406 Ma). These granitic gneisses were generated by partial melting of ancient pelitic rocks, and the resulting melts were contaminated by a small amount of mantle-derived material. Combining our new data with previous research, we conclude that these Cambrian granitic gneisses developed in a post-collisional tectonic setting after Pan-African tectonism. This suggests that the South Qiangtang terrane might have the same early Palaeozoic crystalline basement as the Lhasa, Himalaya, Baoshan, Gongshan, and Tengchong terranes.     

Two late Mesozoic volcanic events in Fujian Province: constraints on the tectonic evolution of southeastern China

Two representative geologic sections of the late Mesozoic ‘Nanyuan Formation’ volcanic rocks in eastern Fujian Province have been dated by SHRIMP zircon U–Pb techniques. The results identified two active volcanic stages at 162–150 Ma and 143–130 Ma. The rock association of the earlier period is composed of andesite‐dacitic crystal tuff‐rhyolitic ignimbrite. The rocks are enriched in alkali elements, Al₂O₃, large ion lithophile element (LILE) and light rare earth element (LREE), depleted in MgO, high field strength element (HFSE) and siderophile elements, and have similar ?Nd (t) values. These features indicate that the rocks were derived from a mantle source metasomatized by subduction‐related fluids, and their chemical variations indicate fractional crystalization during magmatic evolution. In contrast, the rock association of the later period consists of tholeiitic basalt‐rhyolitic crystal ignimbrites. The tholeiitic basalts have negative ?Nd (t) values (?3.4 to ?2.6) and exhibit fractionated REE pattern with weak negative Eu anomalies. These rocks are enriched in LREE and depleted in HFSE with ratios of Ce/Pb = 6.9–11.1, Th/U = 2.7–4.0, La/Nb = 2.2–3.0, suggesting that they were also subduction‐related and experienced proportional fractionation of olivine and clinoproxene along with significant crustal contamination. The rhyolitic crystal ignimbrites are generally characterized by rather high K, Rb, Th and relatively low Nb, Sr, Ti, P, with relatively low ?Nd (t) values (?5.3 to ?6.0), impling that they were derived from a different source from the tholeiitic basalt. Judging by extensive overthrust structures, the occurrence of the earlier rock association is considered to have been generated in a compressional tectonic environment during the early stage (>150 Ma) of Pacific plate subduction, In contrast, the later bimodal association was generated in an extensional tectonic setting during a later stage (<143 Ma ) of subduction.     

滇西腾冲地块高黎贡山群早志留世变质花岗岩体的年代学、地球化学特征及意义

西南特提斯构造带广泛发育的早古生代岩浆岩是冈瓦纳大陆边缘原特提斯洋增生造山作用的产物,目前报导的岩浆岩侵位时代在536~448Ma。本文通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,在腾冲地块东缘高黎贡山群中首次发现了年轻至~437Ma的片麻状花岗质岩体,并结合其锆石Hf同位素和全岩主微量地球化学特征,进一步制约原特提斯洋构造演化过程。样品主量元素显示此片麻状花岗岩体具有高硅(SiO_2=72.78%~73.69%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.23%~8.70%)的过铝质(A/CNK=1.08~1.12)特征,微量元素显示此岩体相对富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素(K、Rb)和Pb,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Ti)以及Ba、Sr、Eu。综合岩石样品的矿物组合特征和地球化学特征,判断该岩体为S型花岗岩,源于以砂屑岩为主的沉积岩类的部分熔融,且源区有斜长石的残留。锆石εHf(t)值(-9.8~-6.2)和二阶段模式年龄tDM2(2.0~1.8Ga)也表明其源于古老地壳沉积物,且无幔源物质加入。根据全岩锆饱和温度计和锆石Ti温度计得出其岩浆从源区发生部分熔融到固结的过程中,温度从794℃左右下降到约754℃。熔浆温度较高,推测源区部分熔融过程中有地幔热的供给。综合前人研究成果,冈瓦纳大陆边缘在早古生代依次经历了原特提斯洋板片俯冲(ca.530~510Ma)、地块群增生与洋板片断离(ca.510~490Ma)、岩石圈挤压增厚(ca.490~475Ma)和岩石圈地幔拆沉(ca.470~460Ma)。岩石圈地幔拆沉将导致软流圈上涌及随后大陆岩石圈的持续伸展。腾冲地块侵位于~437Ma的花岗质岩体系该拆沉构造后的伸展环境中,以砂屑岩为主的古老地壳沉积岩在地幔热的供给下发生部分熔融的产物。     

Late Cretaceous granitoids in Karakorum,northwest Tibet: petrogenesis and tectonic implications

New zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb age, zircon Hf isotope, and whole-rock major and trace elemental data of the Late Cretaceous Ageledaban complex in the Karakorum Terrane (KKT), northwest Tibet, provide new constraints on the tectonic processes of the collision and thickening of the terrane between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes. The granitoids from the Ageledaban complex have a variable SiO₂ content, from 62.83 to 73.35 wt.% and A/CNK<1.1 (except for YM61-2). They have rare earth element and trace element patterns that are enriched in light rare earth elements, Rb, Pb, Th, and U, and are depleted in Ba, P, Sr, Ti, and Nb, indicative of weakly peraluminous-metaluminous I-type affinity. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the Ageledaban complex was emplaced at ca. 80 Ma. Zircons from the monzogranite and monzonite samples with concordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages about 80 Ma have a zircon ε_Hf(t) of ?6.6 to ?1.1, corresponding to the Mesoproterozoic Hf crustal model ages (T_DM^C = 1.2–1.6 Ga); the remaining inherited zircons from the monzonite with concordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of about 108.1 Ma have ε_Hf(t) values that range from ?8.3 to ?5.0, corresponding to the Mesoproterozoic Hf crustal model ages with an average of 1.6 Ga. These signatures indicate that the Ageledaban granitoids may have been derived from the partial melting of a mixed mantle-crust source. Together with the age and geochemical data in the literature, we propose that the collisional event in the KKT in northwestern Tibet would postdate the northern Lhasa–southern Qiangtang collision, which occurred first in the Amdo in the east and later in the Shiquanhe in central Tibet. Our results support the previous view that the collision of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ) may be diachronous.     

青藏高原拉萨地体北部早白垩世火山岩的成因及意义

拉萨地体广泛分布中生代的岩浆岩,了解它们的成因和形成机制可以为认识和理解青藏高原前新生代演化历史提供重要信息。本文报道了拉萨地体北部早白垩世晚期的基性-酸性火山岩的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素特征。岩石学和全岩地球化学特征表明它们为安山玄武岩、粗面英安岩和流纹岩。安山玄武岩为钙碱性岩石,富集Th、U和Pb,具有Nb和Ta的负异常,显示出岛弧玄武岩的特征。粗面英安岩和流纹岩大部分为铁质、钙碱性-碱性岩石,富集高场强元素(HFSE,如Zr),与A型花岗质岩石特征一致。此外,流纹岩具有较高的Si O2含量(75.19%~77.87%)和分异指数(DI=96~98),在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图上,显示强烈Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Eu和Ti的负异常,说明它们为高分异的A型流纹岩。3个粗面英安岩和7个流纹岩样品的锆石定年结果表明,它们的结晶年龄分别为109~110Ma和106~110Ma,锆石εHf(t)分别为-10.2~+3.7和-8.7~+6.7,相对应的Hf二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)分别为1799~923Ma和1702~708Ma。我们认为安山玄武岩来源于交代岩石圈地幔中等程度(~20%)的部分熔融,并经历了以斜方辉石为主的分离结晶作用。粗面英安岩和流纹岩来源于古老基底岩石的部分熔融,并且有幔源岩浆的加入。流纹岩母岩浆形成后又经历了强烈分离结晶作用。我们推测,上述岩浆岩形成在安第斯型造山作用过程中的伸展机制下,可能与新特提斯洋岩石圈板片沿拉萨地体南缘北向俯冲过程中发生的板片回转、断离,以及岩石圈拆沉作用有关,也可能与班公-怒江大洋岩石圈板片沿拉萨地体北缘南向俯冲过程中发生的板片断离有关。     

Early‐Cretaceous Syenites and Granites in the Northeastern Tengchong Block,SW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

Whole-rock major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic data, together with zircon LA ICPMS in-situ U-Pb and Hf isotopic data of the syenites and granites in the Tengchong Block are reported in order to understand their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Zircon U-Pb data gives the emplacement ages of ca. 115.3±0.9 Ma for syenites and 115.7±0.8 Ma for granites, respectively. The syenites are characterized by low SiO_2 content(62.01–63.03 wt%) and notably high Na_2O content(7.04–7.24 wt%) and Na_2O/K_2O ratios(2.02–2.10), low MgO, Fe_2O_3 T and TiO_2, enrichment of LILEs(large-ion lithophile element) such as Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb) and obvious depletion HFSE(high field strength element; e.g. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti) with clearly negative Eu anomalies(d Eu=0.53–0.56). They also display significant negative whole-rock εNd(t) values of-6.8 and zircon εHf(t) values(-9.11 to-0.27, but one is +5.30) and high initial ~(87) Sr/~(86) Sr=0.713013. Based on the data obtained in this study, we suggest that the ca. 115.3 Ma syenites were possibly derived from a sodium-rich continental crustal source, and the fractionation of some ferro-magnesian mineral and plagioclase might occur during the evolution of magma. The granites have high SiO_2 content(71.35–74.47 wt%), metaluminous to peraluminous, low Rb/Ba, Rb/Sr, and Al_2O_3/(MgO+FeOT+TiO_2) ratios and moderate(Al_2O_3+MgO+FeOT+TiO_2) content. They show low initial ~(87) Sr/~(86) Sr(0.703408 to 0.704241) and εNd(t) values(-3.8 to-3.5), plotted into the evolutionary trend between basalts and lower crust. Hence, we suggest that the granites were derived from the melting of mixing sources in the ancient continental crust involving some metabasaltic materials and predominated metasedimentary greywackes. Together with data in the literatures, we infer that the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Tengchong block was dominated by magmas generated by the partial melting of ancient crustal material, which represent the products that associated to the closure of Bangong-Nujiang Meso-Tethys.     

Early Mesozoic tectonic transition of the eastern South China Block: constraints from Late Triassic Dashuang complex in eastern Zhejiang Province

ABSTRACT

The Mesozoic tectonic transition from the Palaeo-Tethys tectonic regime to the Palaeo-Pacific tectonic regime in the eastern South China Block has long been debated. Geochemical and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic studies were conducted on the Dashuang complex in the eastern Zhejiang Province. The Dashuang complex consists mainly of quartz syenite in the northwestern part and quartz monzonite in the southeastern part. New laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb data show that the quartz syenite, the quartz monzonite, and its chilled margin (fine-grained granite) crystallized at 235 ± 4 Ma, 232 ± 3 Ma, and 230 ± 1 Ma, respectively. The Dashuang complex intrudes into the Chencai Group gneiss that postdated ~646 Ma and underwent anatexis at 443 ± 14 Ma. The quartz monzonite shows A-type granite affinity, characterized by high K₂O + Na₂O and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y, high FeO_T/(MgO + FeO_T) and Ga/Al ratios, an enrichment in light rare earth elements, and depletions in Ba, Sr, and Eu. The quartz monzonite has zircon ε_Hf(t) values of ?14.2 to –11.9 and two-stage model ages of 1788–1922 Ma. Zircon ε_Hf(t) values of the chilled margin (fine-grained granite) and wall rock (gneiss) are scattered (?18.2 to –6.3 and ?19.5 to 10.2). The corresponding two-stage model ages are 1482–2133 Ma and 1184–2471 Ma, respectively. The Dashuang complex was derived mainly from partial melting of Neoproterozoic clastic rocks in the Cathaysia Block. Geochemical data indicate that the quartz monzonite formed in a post-collision extensional environment. These results, considered with previous data, indicate that the transition from the Palaeo-Tethys to the Palaeo-Pacific tectonic regimes of the eastern South China Block occurred during the Late Triassic (225–215 Ma).     

Early Cretaceous A-type granites and Mo mineralization,Aershan area,eastern Inner Mongolia,Northeast China: geochemical and isotopic constraints

The Jiazishan porphyry-type molybdenum deposit is located in the eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China. Mineralization occurs mainly as veins, lenses, and layers within the host porphyry. To better understand the link between mineralization and host igneous rocks, we studied samples from underground workings and report new SHRIMP II zircon U–Pb and Re–Os molybdenite ages, and geochemical data from both the molybdenites and the porphyry granites. Seven molybdenite samples yield a Re–Os isochron weighted mean age of 135.4 ± 2.1 Ma, whereas the porphyry granite samples yield crystallization ages of 139 ± 1.5 Ma (Jiazishan deposit) and 133 ± 1 Ma (Taolaituo deposit). The U–Pb and Re–Os ages are similar, suggesting that the mineralization is genetically related to Early Cretaceous porphyry emplacement. Re contents of the molybdenite range from 21.74 ppm to 52.08 ppm, with an average of 35.92 ppm, whereas δ³⁴ S values of the sulphide vary from 1.3‰ to 4.2‰. The ores have ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.178–18.385, 15.503–15.613, and 37.979–38.382, respectively. We also obtained a weighted mean U–Pb zircon age of 294.2 ± 2.1 Ma for the oldest granite in Jiazishan area. All granites are A-type granites. These observations indicate that the molybdenites and the porphyry granites were derived from a mixed source involving young accretionary materials and enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle. A synthesis of geochronological and geological data reveals that porphyry emplacement and Mo mineralization in the Jiazishan deposit occurred contemporaneously with Early Cretaceous tectonothermal events associated with lithospheric thinning, which was caused by delamination and subsequent upwelling of the asthenosphere associated with intra-continental extension in Northeast China.     

Petrogenesis of a Palaeoproterozoic S-type granite,central Wuyishan terrane,SE China: implications for early crustal evolution of the Cathaysia Block

We present zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemistry of the Xiaochuan gneissic granite intrusion, SE China, to constrain its petrogenesis and provide insights into early crustal evolution of the Cathaysia Block. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating of a representative sample yields a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb age of 1839 ±16 Ma, interpreted as the emplacement age of the Xiaochuan granite. Zircons have ?_Hf(t) values ranging from –8.1 to 2.7 and T _DM2 model ages from 2.23 to 3.03 Ga. The granites are strongly peraluminious (A/CNK = 1.14–1.41), with relatively high FeO^t, TiO₂, and CaO/Na₂O, and low CaO, Al₂O₃/TiO₂, and Rb/Sr values. In addition, they show strongly negative Ba, Sr, Nb, and Ta and positive Th and Pb anomalies in the primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram, similar to other Cathaysia Palaeoproterozoic S-type granites. The geochemical and Hf isotopic signatures suggest that the Xiaochuan gneissic granites were generated by partial melting of Archaean crustal materials in an intraplate extensional setting. Our results, combined with existing geochronological data, further demonstrate that the Wuyishan terrane is underlain by Palaeoproterozoic crystalline basement.     

西藏那曲地区早白垩世A型花岗岩成因及其构造意义

班公湖-怒江缝合带及其两侧广泛分布早白垩世岩浆岩,它们是班公湖-怒江洋俯冲消减及拉萨地块与南羌塘地块碰撞过程的直接响应,为研究特提斯大洋演化、青藏高原早期陆块聚合提供了重要素材。本文报道了班公湖-怒江缝合带中段那曲地区黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,黑云母二长花岗岩形成于114～113 Ma(早白垩世晚期)。地球化学分析表明,岩石显示出高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列特征,同时具有高的Ga/Al×10000比值(介于2.02～3.15之间,平均为2.61)和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量(平均为524.87×10^-6)。此外,锆饱和温度和锆石Ti温度计共同指示岩浆形成于高温的环境(>800℃),这些特征与典型的A型花岗岩相一致。黑云母二长花岗岩中锆石具有低的ε_Hf(t)值(10.1～6.4),对应的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(t_DM2)为1852～1547 Ma,指示其岩浆可能源自安多微陆块中下地壳古老结晶基底的部分熔融。结合区域研究成果,认为那...     

Age and petrogenesis of late Mesozoic intrusions in the Huoluotai porphyry Cu-(Mo) deposit,northeast China: Implications for regional tectonic evolution

Multi-stage igneous rocks developed in the recently discovered Huoluotai Cu-(Mo) deposit provide new insights into the controversial late Mesozoic geodynamic evolution of the northern segment of the Great Xing’an Range (NSGXR). Zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the monzogranite, ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry, diorite porphyry, and granite porphyry in the deposit were emplaced at 179.5 ± 1.6, 148.9 ± 0.9, 146.1 ± 1.3, and 142.2 ± 1.5 Ma, respectively. The Re-Os dating of molybdenite yielded an isochron age of 146.9 ± 2.3 Ma (MSWD = 0.27). The Jurassic adakitic monzogranite and granodiorite porphyry are characterized by high SiO₂ and Na₂O contents, low K₂O/Na₂O ratios, low MgO, Cr, and Ni contents, low zircon ε_Hf(t) values relative to depleted mantle, and relatively high Th contents. They were produced by partial melting of a subducted oceanic slab, with involvement of marine sediments in the magma source and limited interaction with mantle peridotites during magma ascent. The Late Jurassic diorite porphyry is characterized by moderate SiO₂ contents, high MgO, Cr, and Ni contents, and positive dominated ε_Hf(t) values, indicating it was produced by partial melting of a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle wedge and underwent limited crustal contamination during magma ascent. The early Early Cretaceous adakitic granite porphyry shows high SiO₂ and K₂O contents and K₂O/Na₂O ratios, low MgO, Cr, and Ni contents, enriched Sr–Nd isotopic compositions, and slightly positive zircon ε_Hf(t) values, suggesting it was produced by partial melting of thickened mafic lower crust. The NSGXR experienced a tectonic history that involved flat-slab subduction (200–160 Ma), and tearing and collapse (150–145 Ma) of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic lithosphere. The period of magmatic quiescence from ca. 160 to 150 Ma was a response to flat-slab subduction of the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic lithosphere. Crustal thickening in the NSGXR (145–133 Ma) was due to the collision between the Amuria Block and the Siberian Craton.     

西秦岭北缘花岗质岩浆作用及构造演化

西秦岭北部江里沟、阿夷山、德乌鲁、温泉和中川5个花岗质岩体岩石学、地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究结果表明,花岗岩体的岩性主体为花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩,属高钾钙碱系列,少数为钙碱系列;形成时代为264~216Ma。江里沟、阿夷山和中川岩体属弱过铝质花岗岩(ACNK1.05),温泉岩体和德乌鲁岩体属准铝和弱过铝质花岗岩(ACNK=0.95~1.05);花岗岩具有埃达克岩(Sr400×10-6,Yb2×10-6)或喜马拉雅型花岗岩(Sr400×10-6,Yb2×10-6)的地球化学特征,或两者兼而有之。花岗岩浆起源于下地壳的部分熔融,源岩最有可能是古老的玄武质岩石。西秦岭北部存在埃达克岩和喜马拉雅型花岗岩,说明三叠纪时期存在陆陆碰撞或陆陆俯冲导致的地壳加厚,加厚的下地壳的部分熔融以及部分熔融发生深度的不同,形成本区具有埃达克或喜马拉雅型地球化学特点的花岗岩侵入体。埃达克岩和喜马拉雅型花岗岩对寻找金铜矿产具有一定的指导意义。     

Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (I): geochronology and petrogenesis

Northeastern (NE) China is the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which is celebrated for its accretionary tectonics and the world's most important juvenile crust production in the Phanerozoic era. Abundant granitoids occur in the Great Xing'an, Lesser Xing'an and Zhangguangcai Ranges in NE China. This paper presents partial results of a series of studies on the granitoids from this region, aiming to understand their role in the building of new continental crust in eastern Asia. Three composite granite plutons (Xinhuatun, Lamashan and Yiershi) were chosen for geochemical and isotopic study in order to determine their emplacement ages and petrogenesis. Petrographically, they range from granodiorite (minor), monzogranite, syenogranite to alkali-feldspar granite. Quartz and perthitic feldspar are principal phases, accompanied by minor amounts of plagioclase, biotite (<5%) and other accessory minerals. In addition, many contain abundant miarolitic cavities which suggest that they were emplaced at shallow levels with extensive fractional crystallization. Geochemically, the granites are silica-rich, peraluminous and have high contents of alkalis. They invariably show enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and significant negative Eu anomalies. All the granitic rocks demonstrate the characteristic negative anomalies in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti, and a positive anomaly in Pb in the spidergram.

The emplacement of the Xinhuatun pluton took place at 184±4 Ma as revealed by zircon SHRIMP U–Pb data. This is also supported by the slightly younger Rb–Sr whole-rock (WR) isochron age of 173±3 Ma. A whole-rock (WR) Rb–Sr isochron age of 154±3 Ma was obtained for the Lamashan pluton, which is interpreted as close to the time of emplacement. The Yiershi pluton was intruded at about 140 Ma as evidenced by a zircon U–Pb age of 137±2 Ma and WR Rb–Sr isochron age of 143±5 Ma. Biotite-WR Rb–Sr isochrons and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of feldspars allow us to estimate the cooling rate of each pluton.

Geochemical data suggest that the rocks are highly fractionated I-type granites. Fractionation of biotite and feldspars was the principal process of magmatic differentiation and responsible for major element variation. Rb, Sr and Ba concentrations were controlled by feldspar separation, whereas REE elements were fractionated by accessory minerals, such as apatite, allanite and monazite.     

华北克拉通东缘金岭杂岩体岩浆源区及构造背景:来自岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学的证据

金岭杂岩体由细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪二长闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩组成,是鲁西地区典型矽卡岩型富铁矿(金岭铁矿)控矿岩体。本次研究对细粒黑云角闪闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩进行了锆石LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb定年,其结果分别为129.2±3.2 Ma和132.8±1.2 Ma,表明该杂岩体的侵位时代为早白垩世。样品SiO2、K2O和Na2O含量分别介于54.17%~63.73%、1.92%~4.76%和3.10%~5.41%之间,K2O/Na2O为0.58~0.94,A/CNK为0.60~0.93,具有轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾型稀土配分模式,轻、重稀土分馏程度中等((La/Yb)N=9.94~23.49),Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.84~1.10),具中—弱负Ce异常(δCe=0.56~0.92)。样品以富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、U、Pb等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)以及高Sr/Y为特征。金岭杂岩体为燕山晚期岩浆活动产物,属准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,岩浆主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并在岩浆上升侵位的过程中有地壳物质的同化混染。燕山晚期华北克拉通在古太平洋板块俯冲后后撤引起的板内伸展环境下,增厚陆壳减薄阶段,岩浆上侵就位形成金岭杂岩体。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of the late Neoproterozoic A-type granitic clasts in the southwestern Tarim Craton: petrogenesis and tectonic implications

ABSTRACT

Due to sparse data for deciphering the late Neoproterozoic tectonic history, there is still considerable debate on whether long-lasting superplume-related or long-duration subduction-related dynamics dominated the Tarim Craton. In this contribution, our field investigations detail the late Neoproterozoic siliciclastic successions, and we report the first granitic conglomerates with zircon U–Pb ages of 753.9 ± 3.7 Ma in the SW Tarim Craton. Importantly, detrital zircons from the thick Cryogenian sedimentary basin also contain a major zircon population at ca. 750 Ma. Together with seismic data, this suggests a large ca. 750 Ma magmatic event in the SW Tarim Craton. Geochemically, the granitic clasts exhibit A-type granite features with high SiO₂, high alkali but extremely low K, high FeO^T/MgO and Ga/Al, and high high-field strength elements (HFSEs) (i.e. Nb, Hf, and Ta) with significant depletion in Rb, K, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti, and significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu* = 0.13–0.36), showing ferroan granite affinities. Including the detrital zircons, the ca. 750 Ma zircons have a large range of negative εHf(t) values (?19.46 to ?1.16). Elemental and zircon Hf isotope data suggest that the granites were derived from Palaeoproterozoic reworked continental crust and are probably related to crustal thinning and extension. By comparison with previous studies, we conclude that Rodinia breakup was diachronous in the outer parts of the supercontinent.