土工格栅与不同粒径填料界面作用特性试验研究

路基边坡加筋设计时,土工格栅与填料间的界面作用特性是影响加筋边坡工程安全与稳定的重要因素.为研究土工格栅与不同粒径填料的界面摩擦特性,进行了土工格栅与3种不同粒径均匀粗粒土的拉拔试验,分析了法向应力、填料粒径和拉拔速率3个因素对界面参数的影响.试验结果表明:土工格栅所受的最大拉拔力,随着填料粒径和拉拔速率的增大而增大,但填料粒径比拉拔速率的增幅大;不同粒径或不同拉拔速率下,格栅-土的界面最大剪应力与法向应力均呈线性拟合关系;填料粒径的增大显著提高了界面参数似黏聚力,但对似摩擦角变化不明显;拉拔速率的增大,使得界面参数似黏聚力几乎呈线性增长,而似摩擦角变化不明显.该试验结果对加筋边坡工程的设计具有一定的参考价值.     

土工格栅加筋透水混凝土力学性能试验研究

研究了双向土工格栅的加筋位置及层数对透水混凝土孔隙率、透水系数、强度和弯曲性能的影响.研究表明:透水混凝土的有效孔隙率和透水系数随着格栅加筋层数的增加而增加,加筋后透水效果良好.加筋透水混凝土的强度较不加筋试样提高显著,抗压强度和抗折强度分别提高至26.3 MPa和3.9 MPa.将格栅设置在距离试样底部1/3h(h为试样高度)处时,抗压强度最高.在透水混凝土梁中加筋格栅后,混凝土梁有显著的开裂后性能,梁的破坏模式由脆性破坏变为延性破坏,梁的韧性提高,裂缝的发展被抑制,弯曲破坏有预兆性.加筋一层格栅时,距底部1/3h处是提高梁弯曲性能最有利的位置.加筋两层格栅的透水混凝土梁开裂后的延性优于加筋单层格栅的透水混凝土梁.同时在距离底部1/3h和2/3h处加筋格栅的透水混凝土梁弯曲性能最好.     

土工格栅加筋挡土墙的加筋原理及结构形式探究

本文阐述了土工格栅加筋挡土墙的加筋机理及其填筑的一般过程,介绍了土工格栅加筋挡土墙的主要结构型式、特点及应用实例,为以后土工格栅加筋挡土墙的设计提供了依据和参考。     

单根聚丙烯纤维在植被混凝土中的拉拔特性及临界长度研究

纤维加筋技术在复合土和混凝土等工程加固领域应用广泛,但在生态护坡领域的应用则鲜有报道.通过自主设计的试验装置,研究了单根聚丙烯纤维在不同含水率、不同干密度和不同龄期植被混凝土中的拉拔特性,分析了拉拔试验前后纤维的显微特征,并确定了临界加筋长度经验公式.研究表明:纤维拉力-位移曲线呈显著的多峰特征,主要与植被混凝土中存在水泥水化产物有关;1d试样界面抗剪强度在最优含水率时存在极小值,主要原因是试样初期的筋-土界面锚固力提高值相较于摩擦力减小值要低;随着干密度和龄期的增长,界面抗剪强度和残余抗剪强度都显著提高.通过多元线性回归分析,得出植被混凝土中纤维临界加筋长度的经验公式,对提升植被混凝土在高寒、强降雨、坡面高陡等恶劣环境下的工程耐久性有一定指导意义.     

塑料土工格栅的性能及应用

分析塑料土工格栅的一般性能及蠕变特性,介绍塑料土工格栅在软地基加固、路面处理、加筋挡土墙及护岸墙、边坡防护、不同沉降量基础间的过渡处理及水土流失治理等岩土工程中的应用,指出我国在塑料土工格栅研究上存在的问题,并展望塑料土工格栅的应用前景。     

浅谈机场高填方浆砌加筋挡土墙施工技术

河北承德机场属于典型的高填方机场,场区东北角边坡防护依实际地势采用HDPE塑料土工格栅加筋+浆砌块石挡墙的复合型式;浆砌挡墙共分8级,每级墙高5m,总高40m,为国内最高。由于HDPE塑料土工格栅加筋力学性能好,分层回填压实度标准高,保证了加筋挡土墙整体结构的稳定。     

塑料土工格栅拉伸过程的试验研究

通过试验研究了塑料土工格栅的拉伸过程,总结了结晶聚合物土工格栅试样拉伸的一般规律,根据聚合物拉伸理论解释了试验现象,并探讨了塑料土工格栅连续稳定拉伸的条件。试验表明,塑料土工格栅试样的各成肋部分沿纵向被依次拉伸伸长是连续生产的基础;可由材料的应力-应变关系初步判定塑料土工格栅试样拉伸的连续性,这对新型塑料土工格栅材料、工艺的研发,缩短试验周期是有利的。     

预冲孔孔型结构对多向塑料土工格栅拉伸成型的影响

针对某新型多向塑料土工格栅设计四种不同预冲孔孔型结构,采用有限元法分析预冲孔孔型结构对多向格栅拉伸变形行为的影响.结果表明,预冲孔孔型结构显著影响多向格栅产品形貌、筋条宽度和筋条应变分布特性.采用"菱形-三角形"孔型结构获得的多向格栅主筋宽度和辅筋宽度相差小、宽度一致性好、筋条应变分布更均匀.     

土工格栅拉伸速率试验分析

通过对土工格栅(塑料格栅和玻纤格栅)在不同速率下进行拉伸试验,得出拉力—变形曲线及2%,5%应变和峰值拉伸强度、最大断裂力时的延伸率等数据。经过对数据分析和曲线拟合,得出格栅受拉伸速率影响的规律,并最终选定合适的室内拉伸试验速率。结果表明,塑料格栅和玻纤格栅,纵、横向的断裂拉力随着拉伸速率的增加而增大,延伸率随着拉伸速率的增加而减小。塑料格栅和玻纤格栅,纵、横向同等规格时,纵向拉伸强度总体大于横向拉伸强度。     

大连研发单双向拉伸塑料土工格栅生产线

大连塑料研究所研制开发的单、双向拉伸塑料土工格栅生产线及技术，近日通过鉴定。专家认为，该生产线设计合理，土工格栅纵向拉伸的双极多点拉伸技术为国内外首创，横向拉伸技术采用了结构合理的夹具及先进可靠的调速手段与加温方式，生产线传动平稳，温度均匀。采用本技术生产的土工格栅，具有强度高、质量轻、价格低廉、性能可靠的特点。该产品经检测，各项性能指标达到国外同类产品水平，其中2%、5%伸长率下的单位宽度拉力均超过国际同类产品水平。本刊摘编自《中国化工报》，2002-9-2大连研发单双向拉伸塑料土工格栅生产线     

Experimental Investigation of Aluminum/Epoxy Interfacial Properties in Shear and Tension

This paper presents the results of comprehensive testing to characterize the effect of several different surface treatments on shear and tensile bond strength between 7075-T6 aluminum and two epoxy systems: EPON 815/V40 and EPON 828/Z. A rod pull-out test was used to determine interfacial shear strength, modeled after similar tests on reinforced concrete. The tensile bond strength was characterized using a tension test fixture designed in this study. Overall, the interfacial shear strengths were higher than the tension strengths. Surface knurling gave the highest interfacial shear strength, representing a 72% increase over untreated specimens. Phosphoric acid anodization (PAA) was also quite effective in shear. In tension, the highest strength was obtained from specimens treated with the PAA process along with a silane coupling agent. These specimens showed an increase in interfacial tensile strength by a factor of 5.6.     

The pull-out and failure of a fiber bundle in a carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite

The interfacial failure is examined for a unidirectionally reinforced carbon fiber/carbon matrix composite. A novel tensile test is conducted which realizes the processes of interfacial debonding and subsequent pull-out of a fiber bundle from the surrounding composite medium. The critical stress at the onset of delamination cracking is related to the fracture energy (the critical energy release rate for mode II cracking). A force-balance equation of a fiber bundle, which is quasi-statically pulled-out of the composite socket, is formulated in terms of the inter- and intra-laminar shear strengths of the composite. This equation is successfully used to estimate the delamination crack length along the debonded fiber bundle, as a function of the stress applied to the bundle.     

不同掺合料混凝土与锈蚀钢筋间粘结-滑移力学性能试验研究

采用中心拉拔法对普通混凝土(PC)、水泥基渗透结晶防水混凝土(CCCW)、聚丙烯纤维混凝土(PFRC)与热轧带肋钢筋进行粘结-滑移试验。通过电化学锈蚀方法对钢筋进行加速锈蚀,研究锈蚀后钢筋与混凝土粘结性能。结果表明:在混凝土中引入适量聚丙烯纤维及水泥基渗透结晶防水材料能够显著提升其对钢筋的极限粘结强度,分别提高了20.8%、6.8%;无论是否添加掺合料,钢筋-混凝土拉拔试件的极限粘结力均随着锈蚀率的增大呈线性下降趋势。基于锈蚀构件拉拔试验结果,拟合出不同混凝土的极限粘结强度与锈蚀率计算公式,发现随着锈蚀率的增大,聚丙烯纤维及水泥基渗透结晶防水材料能减缓钢筋-混凝土极限粘结强度下降速度。     

Comparison of the failure mode in short and long glass fiber-reinforced injection-molded polypropylene composites by acoustic emission

The failure mode in injection-molded short (SGF) and long glass fiber (LGF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) was studied on compact tension (CT) specimens simultaneously by acoustic emission (AE) and transmitted light microscopy. A significant difference was revealed in the failure manner characterized by the cumulative run, amplitude and energy distribution curves between the SGF- and LGF-PP both in the crack initiation and propagation stage. It was established that the failure of SGF-PP did not alter with the loading; this composite failed mostly by matrix deformation along with fiber/matrix debonding and some fiber pull-out. The failure mode of the LGF-PP differed from that scenario, since fiber fracture was resolved in every stage of the loading. On the contrary to SGF-PP, the failure of this composite was governed by fiber-related events (fracture, pull-out, debonding). The amplitude and energy of the AE signals were assigned to individual failure events and thus the failure sequence concluded.     

平纹机织玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料冲击拉伸行为

以常规机织工艺生产织物增强体,以真空辅助树脂转移模塑法(VARTM)制备成型复合材料,研究单层平纹玄武岩长丝增强环氧树脂复合材料在准静态和高应变率加载下的拉伸性能。准静态和高应变率拉伸试验分别在MTS-810.23试验仪和分离式霍普金森拉杆(SHTB)测试系统上完成。试验结果表明该材料的力学性能具有应变率依赖性:随着应变速率的增加,拉伸模量和拉伸强度单调增加,失效应变单调减小,弹性能先增加后减小。材料的失效破坏特征也呈现明显的应变率效应:准静态拉伸时,材料断口整齐,树脂的破碎少,几乎没有纤维的抽拔和经纬向纤维束间的滑移;高应变率拉伸时,材料断口参差错乱,树脂完全破碎,纤维束抽拔严重、相互崩裂和滑移,织物增强体结构的整体性破坏严重。     

Phase-field simulation of microscale crack propagation/deflection in SiCf/SiC composites with weak interphase

To understand the microscale toughening mechanism, the crack propagation, and stress–strain response of unidirectional SiC_f/SiC composites with h-BN interphase under transverse and longitudinal tension are investigated by a promising micromechanical phase field (PF) method along with representative volume element. Of much interest, the calculation results are well consistent with the available experimental results. With a strong dependence on the interphase strength, the toughening mechanisms during crack propagation are well presented, for example, fiber pull-out, crack deflection, and interphase debonding. Furthermore, the longitudinal tensile strength of SiC_f/SiC composites increases with decreasing the interphase strength, where only a weak enough interphase can result in a significant crack deflection by its cracking. In particular, the ratio of the interphase strength along fibers to the matrix strength should be less than 1.254 to ensure crack deflection in the interphase and fiber pull-out. Moreover, the transverse tensile strength of SiC_f/SiC composites reaches a maximum with increasing the interphase thickness into the range of 0.25–0.5 µm.     

Fabrication and characteristic of non-oxide fiber tow reinforced silicon nitride matrix composites by low temperature CVI process

Non-oxide fiber tow reinforced silicon nitride matrix composite was fabricated by low temperature CVI process with PyC as interphase. The tensile strength of the C and SiC fiber tow composites were 547 MPa and 740 MPa, respectively. The difference in tensile strength was analyzed based on the length, amount of pull-out fiber and also interface bonding. The infiltration uniformity of CVI silicon nitride (SiN) matrix within SiC fiber tow was comparable with that of CVI SiC matrix. These results suggested that the low temperature CVI process is suitable for the fabrication of fiber reinforced SiN matrix composites with proper interface bonding and high strength.     

Morphology and tensile properties of unreinforced and short carbon fibre reinforced Nylon 6/multiwalled carbon nanotube-composites

The morphology and the tensile properties of unreinforced and short carbon fibre (SCF) reinforced Nylon 6/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-composites are investigated. The morphology analysis shows that MWCNT and SCF are randomly oriented in the composites. Furthermore, the SCF fail due to fibre pull-out, while the MWCNT fail due to fracture. Young's modulus and tensile strength of SCF reinforced Nylon 6 and Nylon 6/MWCNT-composites increase with increasing total filler volume content. Replacing SCF by MWCNT further enhances Young's modulus and the tensile strength. An additive modelling approach leads to better results at low MWCNT-volume contents, while at higher MWCNT loadings a multiplicative modelling approach results in a better approximation of the experimental data. Thus the SCF reinforced Nylon 6/MWCNT-composites behave at low MWCNT-volume contents like a polymer composite containing two different types of fillers, while at higher MWCNT loadings a behaviour of a short fibre reinforced nanocomposite is observed.     

Influence of plasma treatment on properties of ramie fiber and the reinforced composites

In this research, 9 series of ramie fibers were treated under low-temperature plasma with diverse output powers and treatment times. By analysis of the surface energy and adhesion power with epoxy resin, 3 groups as well as control group were chosen as reinforced fibers of composites. The influences of these parameters on the ramie fiber and its composites such as topography and mechanical properties were tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), tensile property and fragmentation test of single-fiber composites. Contact angle and surface free energy results indicated that with the increased treatment times and output powers, surface energy and adhesion work with epoxy resin improved. Compared with the untreated fibers, surface energy and adhesion work with epoxy resin grew 124.5 and 59.1% after 3 min-200 w treatment. SEM and AFM showed low temperature plasma treatment etched the surface of ramie fiber to enhance the coherence between fiber and resin, consequently fiber was not easy to pull-out. After 3 min-200 w treatment, tensile strength of ramie fiber was 253.8 MPa, it had about 30.5% more than that of untreated fiber reinforced composite. Interface shear stress was complicated which was affected by properties of fiber, resin and interface. Fragmentation test showed biggest interface shear stress achieved 17.2 MPa, which represented a 54.0% increase over untreated fiber reinforced composites.     

Development of gypsum-based composites with tensile strain-hardening characteristics

Brittle nature of gypsum restrains its wide application in construction industry. For improvement, a novel type of composite material, gypsum-based engineered cementitious composites (GS-ECC), was developed using specially chosen polyethylene (PE) fibers. This study investigated the rheological and mechanical properties of GS-ECC, that is, workability, uniaxial tensile and compressive behavior, flexural strength, etc The investigation showed that GS-ECC possessed excellent tensile strain-hardening behavior and saturated cracking characteristics with the average tensile strain capacity more than 5%. To explore the underlying mechanism, the microstructure of interface transition zone (ITZ) between gypsum crystals and PE fibers were investigated through the use of SEM. Single fiber pull-out test, bending-fracture test, and single crack tension test were conducted to investigate the mesoscopic properties from fiber/matrix interface to matrix toughness and fiber bridging capacity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of achieving strain-hardening gypsum-based composites by adding the PE fibers.