镁铝爆炸复合板界面轧制变形行为的数值模拟

用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA研究了6061Al/AZ31B/6061Al爆炸复合板的界面轧制变形行为。分析了复合板轧制方向和宽度方向的界面节点在不同轧辊转速和相对压下率下最大等效应力和应变的变化规律,并进行了定量比较。模拟结果表明:不同轧制条件下,镁铝复合板界面各节点的最大等效应变值和应力值呈现不同的分布特点。最大轧制力随相对压下率和轧辊转速而变化。在轧辊转速30 r/min、相对压下率20%时,可以获得较好质量的轧制复合板。结果能为镁铝爆炸复合板的轧制工艺提供理论参考。     

6061/AZ31B/6061对称复合板的组织与力学性能研究

本文在理论分析与模拟计算的基础上,通过热轧制备了6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061Al对称复合板,并对其组织结构和力学性能进行了研究。首先通过经典复合板理论计算得到了复合板中6061Al的最佳包覆率,再通过有限元方法模拟得到了复合板的最佳压下率。依据理论分析和仿真计算得到的铝的最佳包覆率和复合板的最佳压下率,对6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061Al复合板进行组坯,并在不同轧制温度、不同压下率和不同退火时间下进行了轧制实验,最后对实验得到的复合板进行了微观组织、拉伸性能和能谱分析。结果表明,在复合板的复合界面处的镁层中发现了再结晶晶粒,且界面上形成了由Mg17Al12和Mg2Al3组成的金属间化合物;随着轧制压下率的增大,6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061Al复合板的拉伸强度、延伸率和界面扩散厚度显著增大;随着轧制温度的升高,复合板的拉伸强度、延伸率和界面扩散厚度也增大;而随着退火时间的增加,复合板的拉伸强度降低,但界面扩散厚度增加。     

铜/铝/铜复合板异步轧制变形行为有限元分析

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了铜/铝/铜复合板异步轧制成形弹塑性有限元模型,将有限元模型仿真结果同实际轧制实验结果进行对比,证明有限元模型的准确性。通过对异步轧制变形区进行分析和研究发现,在相同条件下,与同步轧制相比,异步轧制可以有效地减小轧制正应力,并增大后滑区摩擦应力;异步轧制搓轧区可以促进复合板结合界面的金属流动,在其他轧制条件相同的情况下,压下率越大,搓轧区越小,异步速比越大,搓轧区越大;靠近快速辊一侧结合界面铜板的等效应变要大于靠近慢速辊一侧结合界面铜板的等效应变,中间铝板的等效应变大于两侧铜板。随着异步速比的增大,复合板结合界面上两种金属的等效应变的差距逐渐缩小,变形将会更加协调,有利于增强复合板的结合强度。整体研究对铜铝复合板制备工艺的优化提供了理论依据。     

6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061 Al对称复合板的组织与力学性能（英文）

在理论分析与模拟计算的基础上,通过热轧制备了6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061 Al对称复合板,并对其组织结构和力学性能进行了研究。首先通过经典复合板理论计算得到了复合板中6061 Al的最佳包覆率,再通过有限元方法模拟得到了复合板的最佳压下率。依据理论分析和仿真计算得到了铝的最佳包覆率和复合板的最佳压下率,对6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061 Al复合板进行组坯,并在不同轧制温度、不同压下率和不同退火时间下进行了轧制实验,最后对实验得到的复合板进行了拉伸性能测试、微观组织和能谱分析。结果表明,在复合板的复合界面处的镁层中发现了再结晶晶粒,且界面上形成了由Mg_(17)Al_(12)和Mg_2Al_3组成的金属间化合物;随着轧制压下率的增大,6061 Al/AZ31B Mg/6061Al复合板的抗拉伸强度、延伸率和界面扩散厚度显著增大;随着轧制温度的升高,复合板的抗拉伸强度、延伸率和界面扩散厚度也增大;而随着退火时间的增加,复合板的抗拉伸强度降低,但界面扩散厚度增加。     

铜/铝/不锈钢三层复合板成形工艺研究

试验研究了铜/铝/不锈钢三层复合板成形工艺,旨在充分利用各组元的优越性,为应用于散热及炊具等方面用复合板原料提供技术支持。依据轧制复合及热处理工艺理论,主要对铜/铝/不锈钢复合板轧制及热处理成形工艺进行了试验研究。结果表明,随着轧制压下率的增加,复合板的抗拉强度和界面结合强度逐渐增大,杯突值逐渐降低;不锈钢层与冲头接触的杯突值大于铜层与冲头接触的;最优轧制工艺参数:加热温度350℃,保温5 min~10min,压下率33.3%;350℃退火1 h获得了较为理想的抗拉强度及界面结合强度。     

镁合金铸轧板坯包铝轧制复合工艺研究

采用热轧复合的方法,将纯铝板包覆在镁合金铸轧板坯表面,多道次大压下轧制工艺制备出了镁铝复合板,研究了轧制温度、道次压下量及热处理工艺对复合板组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当轧制温度为400℃,道次加工率为30%~35%时,镁、铝板材可以实现良好的复合;随着复合板材热处理温度的提高,复合界面脆化程度增大,板材力学性能下降。     

异温轧制制备钛/铝复合板的变形协调性与复合性能

采取只加热钛层的方法实现协调变形轧制制备钛/铝复合板,通过剪切实验、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜,研究压下率、钛层加热温度对钛/铝复合板的厚比分配、剪切强度和界面的影响。结果表明:随着钛层温度的升高和总轧制压下率的增大,钛铝复合板的钛层和铝层变形率差值逐渐减小;当温度为800℃,轧制压下率为50%时,铝层和钛层的变形率分别达到了51.4%和48.6%,钛铝复合板变形趋于协调。钛与铝的结合界面剪切强度达到107.5 MPa,基本接近铝基体的剪切强度。加热过程中钛板表面会产生氧化层,但是在较大轧制压下率下,钛的氧化层会撕裂,金属铝挤入裂缝与新鲜钛金属接触,在强大压力和高温作用下,钛、铝元素相互扩散从而达到牢固的冶金结合。     

AZ31B/6061爆炸焊复合板平面应变压缩及轧制变形行为

采用爆炸+轧制工艺可以制备出较薄且表面质量较高的AZ31B/6061复合板,但AZ31B/6061爆炸焊复合板的轧制较难成功。本试验以平面应变热压缩对复合板的热轧进行物理模拟,通过轧前预热、AZ31B镁合金和6061铝合金的热压缩、复合板的平面应变压缩试验研究,选择出了合适的参数,成功地对复合板进行了轧制。结果表明,400℃5 min条件下压缩后的复合板在各压缩率下整体上包覆和"鼓肚"程度均比较小; AZ31B/6061爆炸焊复合板在400℃热轧温度下可以轧制成功,但不同压下率下轧制的复合板出现了不同程度的翘曲,且翘曲程度随着压下率的增加先减小后增大,30%压下率的复合板翘曲程度最小,平直度较高,无边裂,轧件质量良好。这种探究轧制参数的方法对于其他异种材料复合板也具有一定的参考价值。     

铜包铝复合棒材平辊轧制宽展变形行为

对铜包铝复合棒材平辊冷轧时的金属流动进行数值模拟和实验研究.结果表明:由圆断面至扁断面的第一道次平辊轧制中侧边以变形宽展为主;在后续道次的平辊轧制过程中,滑动宽展的影响增大,侧边变形宽展的影响减小;当压下率为13.3%～26.7%时,摩擦因数对铜包铝棒材宽展率的影响较小,而当压下率大于33.3%时,摩擦因数对宽展的影响增大;铜包铝复合棒材的最大轧制压力在轧制入口端,断面上存在一条"X"状的等效应变带.实验结果与有限元分析结果具有良好的一致性.采用合适的轧制工艺,可获得铜包覆层分布均匀、铜铝复合界面无裂纹和分层、表面质量好的扁排.     

铝包镁板轧制变形行为的数值模拟

利用有限元法建立的三维模型分析了铝包镁板轧制过程的变形行为及力学行为.分析表明,压下率对材料变形行为及力学行为的影响较大,随压下率的增大,材料的宽展率、伸长率、应力及应变均增大;摩擦系数对材料的变形行为及力学行为影响较小.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.