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迈克尔逊干涉仪光程差公式及条纹特点详解 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对迈克尔逊干涉仪干涉原理和平涉光路的探讨,详解了迈克尔逊干涉仪进行干涉对的光程差公式;对条纹密度特点进行了进一步说明。从理论分析方面为使用迈克尔逊干涉仪提供了更明晰的帮助。 相似文献
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在教材中,常可见到“把折射率为n的薄膜放在迈克尔逊干涉仪的一臂上,由此干涉条纹产生移动,测得共移动N条,若光源的波长为λ,求薄膜的厚度”的习题。实际上由于薄膜的引入,导致干涉条纹的移动是个突变过程,无法测出干涉条纹移动的条数N。但这并非说不能利用迈克尔逊干涉仪测量薄膜的厚度,利用迈克尔逊干涉仪不仅可以测量透明介质膜的厚度,而且还可测量金属膜的厚度,下面介绍利用迈克尔逊干涉仪测量非透明金属膜厚度的原理及方 相似文献
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The IR spectra of samples of solid solutions of lead zirconate-titanate with a rhombohedral and a tetragonal structures have been investigated. The frequencies of the vibrational modes of pairs or groups of atoms bound together have been determined in relation to the composition of the solid solutions. It has been established that in the case of lead zirconate-titanate with the rhombohedral structure, the modes with frequencies 150–250 and 450–600 cm–1 are dependent on the ratio between the atoms of zirconium and titanium in the crystal lattice cell. It is shown that with increase in the content of lead titanate in solid solutions of lead zirconate-titanate with a tetragonal structure, the frequency of the ferroelectric-active mode shifts toward higher frequencies. 相似文献
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An open quantum battery (QB) model of a single qubit system charging in a coherent auxiliary bath (CAB) consisting of a series of independent coherent ancillae is considered. According to the collision charging protocol we derive a quantum master equation and obtain the analytical solution of QB in a steady state. We find that the full charging capacity (or the maximal extractable work (MEW)) of QB, in the weak QB-ancilla coupling limit, is positively correlated with the coherence magnitude of ancilla. Combining with the numerical simulations we compare with the charging properties of QB at finite coupling strength, such as the MEW, average charging power and the charging efficiency, when considering the bath to be a thermal auxiliary bath (TAB) and a CAB, respectively. We find that when the QB with CAB, in the weak coupling regime, is in fully charging, both its capacity and charging efficiency can go beyond its classical counterpart, and they increase with the increase of coherence magnitude of ancilla. In addition, the MEW of QB in the regime of relative strong coupling and strong coherent magnitude shows the oscillatory behavior with the charging time increasing, and the first peak value can even be larger than the full charging MEW of QB. This also leads to a much larger average charging power than that of QB with TAB in a short-time charging process. These features suggest that with the help of quantum coherence of CAB it becomes feasible to switch the charging schemes between the long-time slow charging protocol with large capacity and high efficiency and the short-time rapid charging protocol with highly charging power only by adjusting the coupling strength of QB-ancilla. This work clearly demonstrates that the quantum coherence of bath can not only serve as the role of "fuel" of QB to be utilized to improve the QB's charging performance but also provide an alternative way to integrate the different charging protocols into a single QB. 相似文献
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E.S. Chalhoub H.F. Campos Velho 《Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer》2002,72(5):551-565
An inverse analysis for simultaneous estimation of the radiation phase function, single scattering albedo and optical thickness in natural waters, from the knowledge of the exit radiance measurements, is presented. A forward and an inverse model are utilized in our analysis. The forward model uses an analytical discrete-ordinates method for solving the radiative transfer equation and the inverse model contains an algorithm for least-squares estimation that is iteratively solved for retrieving the desired optical properties. The experimental data are simulated with synthetic data corrupted with noise. The results show that the optical properties, with the exception of the optical thickness, can be recovered with high accuracy, even for data with up to 10% noise. 相似文献
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为了研究聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)分子拉曼振动模式的特性,采用拉曼光谱法对PET纤维的拉曼光谱特性进行研究,并对PET纤维分别进行酸、碱、盐处理,获得酸、碱、盐处理前后纤维的拉曼光谱,分析与比较了处理前后拉曼光谱的特性;同时,采用原子力显微镜对其形貌结构进行观察。结果表明,在200~1 750 cm-1范围,NaOH处理的PET纤维的拉曼光谱强度高于未经处理的PET纤维,当拉曼频移大于1 750 cm-1时,经碱处理的PET拉曼峰强度低于未经处理的PET拉曼峰强度,且荧光背景减弱,H2SO4处理的PET纤维强度显著低于未经处理的PET纤维,CuSO4处理的PET纤维强度较未经处理的PET纤维的强度明显增高。原子力显微镜测结果表明,碱和PET纤维分子的相互作用使化学键断裂,分子结构发生改变,经NaOH处理后的PET纤维表面较未经处理的PET纤维表面更为粗糙,H2SO4处理的PET表面相对未经处理的PET纤维表面粗糙度降低,经CuSO4处理的PET纤维表面比未经处理的PET纤维粗糙度增加。PET纤维的拉曼光谱与原子力显微镜结果相一致,表明拉曼光谱与原子力显微镜的结合有望成为高聚物物性的表征技术。 相似文献
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G. A. Lisovskii V. A. Saechnikov É. A. Chernyavskaya T. P. Yanukovich I. M. Mel’nichenko E. N. Poddenezhnyi 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》2000,67(2):369-372
We investigated the influence of fluorination of xerogel on the intensity of luminescence with a maximum at 1.9 eV attributable
to nonbridging oxygen atoms in gamma-quanta irradiated sol-gel quartzglasses. It is established that in samples with a high
content of hydroxyl groups (more than 8 ppm) the intensity of this luminescence correlates with the content of hydroxyl in
the initial samples. Fluorination of gels at the technological stage before sintering substantially reduces the number of
silanol groups, improves the quality of glass, and increases their radiative-optical stability.
Translated from Zhurnal Priklandoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 67, No. 2, pp. 266–268, March–April, 2000.
This work was carried out with financial support from the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research, project
F98-139. 相似文献
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纳米半球微镜阵列结构对GaN基LED光提取效率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了分析表面纳米半球微镜结构对GaN基发光二极管(LED)光提取效率的影响,利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)分别对GaN、ZnO、SiO2、聚苯乙烯组成的半球微镜结构进行了分析和比较,同时用模式分析方法从理论上对FDTD计算结果进行了进一步验证。研究发现,在亚波长范围,折射率较小的材料不利于导模与表面结构层的耦合,不会对光提取效率的提高产生明显影响。相比之下,折射率较大的材料会使更多的模式耦合到半球微镜阵列层,更有利于光提取效率的提高;当材料选定,纳米半球半径增加时,光提取效率也逐渐增加,优化后半径为600 nm的半球微镜阵列结构GaN基LED,其光提取效率比没有结构的普通平板LED增强5.66倍,在以上波导材料结构中最为优化。在此基础上,通过等效折射率的计算得到半球微镜结构的等效折射率模型,并利用非对称平板模式分析的办法对以上得到的结论进行了分析和验证。这些结果对实际的高性能GaN基LED的设计与优化具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Valeri I. Babushok Vladimir V. Gubernov Sergei S. Minaev 《Combustion Theory and Modelling》2017,21(6):1066-1079
A simple kinetic model has been suggested to describe the inhibition and extinction of flame propagation in reaction systems with chain-branching reactions typical for hydrocarbon systems. The model is based on the generalised model of the combustion process with chain-branching reaction combined with the one-stage reaction describing the thermal mode of flame propagation with the addition of inhibition reaction steps. Inhibitor addition suppresses the radical overshoot in flame and leads to the change of reaction mode from the chain-branching reaction to a thermal mode of flame propagation. With the increase of inhibitor the transition of chain-branching mode of reaction to the reaction with straight-chains (non-branching chain reaction) is observed. The inhibition part of the model includes a block of three reactions to describe the influence of the inhibitor. The heat losses are incorporated into the model via Newton cooling. The flame extinction is the result of the decreased heat release of inhibited reaction processes and the suppression of radical overshoot with the further decrease of the reaction rate due to the temperature decrease and mixture dilution. A comparison of the results of modelling laminar premixed methane/air flames inhibited by potassium bicarbonate (gas phase model, detailed kinetic model) with the results obtained using the suggested simple model is presented. The calculations with the detailed kinetic model demonstrate the following modes of combustion process: (1) flame propagation with chain-branching reaction (with radical overshoot, inhibitor addition decreases the radical overshoot down to the equilibrium level); (2) saturation of chemical influence of inhibitor, and (3) transition to thermal mode of flame propagation (non-branching chain mode of reaction). The suggested simple kinetic model qualitatively reproduces the modes of flame propagation with the addition of the inhibitor observed using detailed kinetic models. 相似文献
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整体X光透镜性能实验研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
利用高计数率探测器和低功率光源,在大的能量范围内,同时测量了整体X光透镜的传输效率和焦斑直径与能量的关系。实验结果表明:透镜的焦斑直径随着能量的升高而减小;对04-5-10-5透镜而言,在高于5.8keV的能量范围内,透镜的传输效率随着能量的升高而降低,在低于5.8keV的能量范围内,透镜的传输效率随着能量的升高而增加。通过测量不同能量的X射线在透镜会聚光束中的空间分布,研究了短出口焦距透镜的光晕现象,光晕会导致透镜焦斑直径增大和传输效率测量值的增加。利用轴向扫描法研究了整体X光透镜出口焦距和能量的关系,实验结果表明:会聚透镜的出口焦距随着X射线能量的升高而增加。 相似文献
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We studied surface organization of lipophilic guanosine derivatives with one, two and three alkanoyl tails in thin films on water surface and in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films transferred onto freshly cleaved mica substrate. The derivative with one alkanoyl group exhibits irreversible pressure-area isotherms and ribbon-like LB film structures. The derivatives with two and three side groups show reversible isotherms with similar critical surface pressures, while their LB film structures are quite different. The derivative with two tails forms films with flat terraces of micrometer size, while the derivative with three tails exhibits irregular thread-shaped assemblies. These observations demonstrate that molecular assembly of LB films of guanosine derivatives can be effectively manipulated by altering the number of attached lipophilic groups. 相似文献