缺氧对口腔扁平苔藓角质形成细胞增殖及缺氧诱导因子1α、血管内皮生长因子、基质金属蛋白酶9表达的影响

目的 探讨缺氧对人口腔扁平苔藓(oral lichen planus,OLP)角质形成细胞增殖及缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1 α)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)及基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)表达的影响,以期为OLP发病机制的研究提供新思路.方法 体外分离培养OLP角质形成细胞;使用密闭培养箱模拟缺氧环境,分为常氧组和缺氧组,两组细胞分别培养12、24、36及48 h,采用细胞计数试剂盒8的方法监测缺氧各时点细胞增殖状况,并确定进一步实验干预时间点,每组实验均重复3次;SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光染料实时定量PCR法和蛋白质印迹法分别检测各组细胞HIF-1α、VEGF、MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白表达水平,并采用相关性分析研究VEGF、MMP-9与HIF-1α的相关性.结果 24、36、48 h缺氧组OLP角质形成细胞增殖力(A值)(分别为0.340±0.002、0.415±0.006、0.546±0.006)均显著低于同时间点常氧组(分别为0.431 ±0.001、0.620±0.004、1.022±0.005),P＜0.01; 24、36、48 h缺氧组VEGF(2.087±0.291、3.189±0.573、5.402±0.563)及MMP-9(2.936±0.500、4.083±0.300、6.374±0.858)的mRNA表达量均显著高于常氧组(P＜0.05),HIF-1α (0.414±0.093、0.751±0.056、0.875±0.040)、VEGF (0.393±0.046、0.557±0.078、0.767±0.045)及MMP-9 (0.250±0.053、0.384±0.038、0.611 ±0.092)的蛋白表达量均显著高于常氧组(P＜0.05).HIF-1α与VEGF(r =0.905,P=0.000)及MMP-9(r =0.881,P=0.000)的蛋白表达水平均呈显著正相关.结论 缺氧在一定时间内可抑制OLP角质形成细胞增殖,上调细胞中HIF-1α蛋白、VEGF及MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白的表达;缺氧环境下HIF-1α可能通过调控下游靶基因参与OLP的病情进展.     

龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶8及基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1水平与牙周病的关系

目的 探讨龈沟液中基质金属蛋白酶8(matrix metalloproteinases-8,MMP-8)及金属蛋白酶组织抑制物1(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases,TIMP-1)的水平变化与牙周病的关系,以期为临床提供参考.方法 试验人群共48例,分为牙周健康组16例、慢性牙龈炎组18例及慢性牙周炎组14例,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测各组人群龈沟液中MMP-8和TIMP-1水平,并计算MMP-8与TIMP-1的比值.结果 牙周健康组、慢性牙龈炎组及慢性牙周炎组中MMP-8的平均质量浓度分别为:(0.62±0.09)、(0.68 ±0.02)及(0.78±0.05) mg/L,3组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),并且两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);牙周健康组、慢性牙龈炎组及慢性牙周炎组龈沟液中MMP-8与TIMP-1的比值分别为:0.16 ±0.06、0.23±0.09及0.32 ±0.15,3组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 龈沟液中MMP-8的质量浓度及MMP-8/TIMP-1比值的变化均可以作为判断牙周炎症水平有意义的临床指标.     

基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制剂在牙本质生成性影细胞瘤和牙源性影细胞癌中的表达

目的 对牙本质生成性影细胞瘤(dentinogenic ghost cell tumor,DGCT)和牙源性影细胞癌(ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma,GCOC)中基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metallopmteinases,MMP)和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂(tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase,TIMP)的表达特点进行研究.方法 免疫组织化学分析15例DGCT和9例GCOC中MMP-2、MMP-9、MMP-14、TIMP-1和TIMP-2的表达.对DGCT和GCOC各一例分析MMP-2、MMP-9、MMP-14、TIMP-1和TIMP-2 mRNA的表达;明胶酶谱分析MMP-2和MMP-9酶原和活化蛋白的表达.结果 MMP-9和TIMP-1在GCOC中高表达(7/9,8/9);TIMP-1在GCOC中的高表达,与在DGCT中相比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对一例DGCT和一例GCOC病例研究发现,MMP-9酶原和活酶在GCOC中高表达,并且MMP-9和TIMP-1 mRNA在GCOC中高表达.结论 MMP-9和TIMP-1可能与GCOC的性质和生物学行为有关.     

功能性矫治器引导大鼠下颌前伸后二腹肌中金属蛋白酶的表达研究

目的:研究功能性矫治器引导大鼠下颌前伸后二腹肌中基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMPs)表达,探讨功能性矫治器作用过程中咀嚼肌适应性变化的生物学机制,为矫形性治疗提供新的理论依据.方法:采用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组化染色法观察戴矫治器组和不戴矫治器组大鼠3、7、14、21 d二腹肌前腹中MMP-2、MMP-9表达和表达差异.结果:①MMP-2mRNA、MMP-9mRNA表达在矫治前后存在差异:实验组3 d、21 d与对照组相比存在差异,实验组表达增加.实验组相比:21 d比14 d表达增加,21 d比7 d表达增加.对照组相比:21 d比3 d表达增加,14 d比3 d表达增加.②MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白表达差异:MMP-2蛋白表达水平在14 d(p＜0.01)和21 d(p＜0.05)组有差异,实验组表达增强.MMP-9蛋白表达水平在7 d(p＜0.05)、14 d(p＜0.05)和21 d(p＜0.01)组均有差异,实验组表达增强.结论:功能性矫治器引导大鼠下颌前伸后咀嚼肌中MMP-2,MMP-9参与了咀嚼肌的适应性变化.     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与口腔鳞癌颈淋巴结转移的关系

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-2,9(MMP-2,9)和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1,2(TIMP-1,2)在口腔鳞癌中的表达形式以及其活性与颈淋巴结转移的关系。方法:应用原位杂交法(in situ hybridization,ISH)检测30例口腔鳞癌组织,口腔鳞癌转移细胞系GNM和人舌鳞癌细胞系TSCCa MMP-2,9和TIMP-1,2的表达;应用胶质酶谱法(zomography)分析上述标本MMP-2,9的活性以及应用体外侵袭实验检测两细胞系侵袭力的差异。结果:MMP-2,9和TIMP-1,2 mRNA 在肿瘤细胞和间质细胞均有表达;有转移鳞癌组织MMP-2,9,以及TIMP-1,2阳性率均高于无转移患者(P<0105), GNMMMP-2,9阳性率高于TSCCa;MMP-2,9活性在转移组明显高于未转移组(P<0105);GNM条件培养上清液中 MMP-2,9活性以及体外侵袭力均高于TSCCa。结论:MMP-2,9在口腔鳞癌转移中有重要作用,TIMP-1,2表达上升可能是肿瘤细胞与间质相互作用的结果。     

基质金属蛋白酶在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达

目的:检测基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、膜型基质金属蛋白酶1(MT1-MMP)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂2(TIMP-2)及细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN),在人正常涎腺组织和涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的表达,探讨其表达的生物学意义。方法:通过免疫组织化学技术SP法检测人66例正常涎腺组织、45例涎腺多形性腺瘤及42例涎腺恶性多形性腺瘤中,MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN的表达,采用χ2检验比较3种组织中MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN表达的差异。结果:MMP-2在人正常涎腺组织,涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中的阳性表达率分别为9.09%、46.67%、85.71%;MT1-MMP在以上3种组织中的阳性表达率分别9.09%、53.33%、78.57%;TIMP-2在以上3种组织中的阳性表达率分别为10.61%、44.44%、59.52%;EMMPRIN在以上3种组织中的阳性表达率分别为13.64%、48.89%、83.33%。MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN在涎腺多形性腺瘤中的表达显著高于人正常涎腺组织,且MMP-2、MT1-MMP及EMMPRIN在涎腺良、恶性多形性腺瘤中表达的差异有统计学意义。结论:在涎腺多形性腺瘤中,MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN的表达与MMP-2的活化有关,且MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2及EMMPRIN有可能作为判断多形性腺瘤侵袭性的有效指标。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制剂表达失衡与涎腺恶性肿瘤浸润生长的关系

目的　探讨基质金属蛋白酶2、9(MMP-2、9),膜型基质金属蛋白酶1(MT1-MMP)及基质金属蛋白酶组织抑 制剂1、2(TIMP-1、2)与涎腺恶性肿瘤浸润生长的关系。方法　应用免疫组化SP法和明胶酶谱法检测28例涎腺良 性肿瘤、26例涎腺恶性肿瘤中MMP-2、9,MT1-MMP及TIMP-1、2的表达及细胞定位,分析其中酶原与活性酶的含量 比例。结果　涎腺恶性肿瘤中MMP-2、9的表达强于良性肿瘤(P<0·05),TIMP-1、2的表达低于良性肿瘤 (P<0·05)。MMP-2、MT1-MMP、TIMP-2的表达有相关性。MMP-9酶原及活性MMP-9在恶性肿瘤中的表达均高于良 性肿瘤(P<0·05)。结论　MMP-2、9在涎腺恶性肿瘤浸润性生长中扮演了重要角色。涎腺恶性肿瘤中,TIMP-1、2 抑制作用的降低导致了MMP-2、9合成、激活的增多,令MMP-2、9与其天然组织抑制剂TIMP-1、2之间的平衡失调, 从而基底膜加速降解。     

糖基化终产物对人牙龈成纤维细胞2种基质金属蛋白酶表达的影响

目的研究糖基化终产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)对人牙龈成纤维细胞(human gingivalfibroblasts,HGF)表达基质金属蛋白酶-1(matrix matelloproteinase-1,MMP-1)和基质金属蛋白酶-8(matrix matallo-proteinase-8,MMP-8)的影响,探讨糖尿病加速牙周炎发展的可能机制。方法将培养的HGF随机分成6组:空白对照组只加入培养液;阴性对照组仅加入含50μg/mL人血清白蛋白(human serum albumin,HSA)的培养液;4个含AGE-HSA的实验组分别加入含0.5、5、50、100μg/mL AGE-HSA的培养液。培养24、48、72 h后,分别应用酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和实时定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitativepolymerase chain reaction,QPCR)检测细胞MMP-1、MMP-8的蛋白和mRNA表达。结果 100μg/mL AGE-HSA组培养24、48和72 h后,MMP-1水平明显高于阴性对照组、空白对照组及0.5μg/mL AGE-HSA组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各浓度AGE-HSA组MMP-1 mRNA水平均显著高于阴性对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各浓度AGE-HSA组MMP-8水平与阴性对照组相比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),MMP-8 mRNA表达均为阴性。结论 AGEs可能通过促进HGF合成MMP-1,介导胶原降解,从而加重糖尿病患者的牙周组织破坏,尚不能说AGEs影响MMP-8的表达。     

过量氟对大鼠切牙基质金属蛋白酶-20及其组织抑制剂表达的影响

目的 研究过量氟对大鼠切牙生长过程中基质金属蛋白酶-20（MMP-20）和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-2（TIMP-2）表达的影响,探讨氟斑牙的发病机制。方法 选择20只Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组和给氟组。8 周后处死动物,获取切牙标本,免疫组化染色观察MMP-20和TIMP-2在大鼠切牙中的表达定位和氟对二者表达的影响。结果 MMP-20和TIMP-2 在分泌期成釉细胞、成牙本质细胞以及成釉器均有阳性表达,给氟组MMP-20的表达明显弱于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;TIMP-2在两组的表达无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论 过量氟可抑制MMP-20的表达, MMP-20和TIMP-2表达失衡,TIMP-2的抑制作用加强,致使釉基质蛋白清除延迟,导致矿化不全和釉质缺损。     

乏氧对人牙周膜细胞HIF-1α及VEGF表达的影响

目的:检测人牙周膜细胞(human periodontal ligament cells,hPDLCs)在乏氧环境下乏氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelia1 growth factor,VEGF)的表达情况.方法:组织块法培养人牙周膜细胞,第3代细胞用于实验,分2组分别在20%O2,5%CO2,75%N2(对照组)和1%O2,5%CO2、94%N2(乏氧组)的37℃培养箱中培养24h和48h.采用RT-PCR技术和免疫组化技术检测HIF-1α和VEGF的表达情况.应用SPSS13.0软件包进行t检验、单因素方差分析及LSD检验.结果:乏氧组HIF-1αmRNA的表达与对照组相比,差别无统计学意义.乏氧24h与48h VEGF mRNA的表达显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).免疫细胞化学细胞爬片结果显示,乏氧组HIF-1α染色阳性,大量HIF-1α蛋白在胞核积聚,且表达量随乏氧时间增加而增加,而常氧组未观察到HIF-1α的表达;VEGF的表达呈时间依赖性增加,乏氧组VEGF的表达明显强于对照组.常氧48h后,VEGF呈微弱阳性表达.结论:乏氧可以改变人牙周膜细胞的代谢途径,上调HIF-1α及相关因子的表达.     

宿主来源的基质金属蛋白酶对根部牙本质胶原的降解作用

目的观察根部牙本质中的基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）对牙本质胶原的降解作用.方法将脱矿的根部牙本质粉离心、冷冻干燥后分7组,每组6份,每份50.0 mg.各标本中分别加入1ml含不同成分的人工唾液,根据成分不同分为2 mmol/L4-乙酰氨基苯汞（APMA）组（MMP活化剂）;2、100、200 mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）组,0.2%、0.02%醋酸氯己定组（MMP抑制剂）;以空白人工唾液作对照组.37℃4 h后,用羟脯氨酸试剂盒测定各标本的胶原降解量.扫描电镜观察脱矿及脱矿后置于人工唾液中的根部标本表面结构变化.结果APMA组的胶原降解量最多,其次为对照组,两者间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.各MMP抑制剂组的胶原降解量均显著少于APMA组和对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.扫描电镜结果表明,仅脱矿的根部表面胶原纤维较完整;而脱矿后置于人工唾液中的标本胶原纤维断裂,结构紊乱.结论脱矿过程中的低pH值能使根部牙本质中的MMP活化,在中性时可降解牙本质胶原.提示宿主来源的MMP可能是龋病进展过程中有机质破坏的重要原因之一.     

Association of matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -2 and -9 during periapical lesion development

Objective

To evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and its correlation with the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -2 and -9 during the development of periapical lesion in mice.

Methods

Periapical lesions were induced in the lower first molars of mice and after 7, 14, 21 and 42 days the mandibles were removed. The periapical lesions were measured by micro-computed tomography. The expression of EMMPRIN, MMPs-1, -2, and -9 genes were determined by real-time RT-PCR. The location and expression of EMMPRIN and MMPs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Results

At 14 days, the periapical lesion area was higher than at 7 days. At 21 and 42 days no statistically significant bone loss was observed in comparison to 14 days. The control group showed discrete and occasional EMMPRIM, MMP-1, -2 and -9 immunostaining in the periodontal ligament fibroblasts. At 7, 14, 21 and 42 days intense immunoexpression was observed for EMMPRIN, MMPs-1, -2 and -9 in the region adjacent to the apical foramen. The EMMPRIN immunoexpression was higher at 7, 14, 21 and 42 days compared with the control. There was a positive correlation between gene expression of EMMPRIN and MMPs in the active phase of periapical lesion development.

Conclusion

There is a high expression of EMMPRIM mainly by the inflammatory infiltrate in the region adjacent to the apical foramen during periapical lesion development. Furthermore, the positive correlation with MMP-1, -2, and -9 during the first days after periapical lesion induction indicates that EMMPRIM may be involved in the active phase of periapical lesions development.     

细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子表达与唾液腺肿瘤侵袭性的关系

目的:检测唾液腺肿瘤组织中细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导因子(EMMPRIN)的表达和定位,探讨其与唾液腺肿瘤侵袭性生物学行为的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法,检测9例唾液腺正常组织、28例多形性腺瘤(PA)、25例黏液表皮样癌(MC)、33例腺样囊性癌(ACC)中EMMPRIN的表达和定位。采用SPSS10.0软件包进行多个样本率间的χ2检验或确切概率分析。结果:EMMPRIN在正常唾液腺组织、多形性腺瘤、黏液表皮样癌、腺样囊性癌的表达阳性率分别为11.11%、53.71%、84.00%和90.91%(P<0.05)。在正常唾液腺组织的表达主要见于导管上皮细胞的细胞膜;EMMPRIN蛋白在多形性腺瘤、黏液表皮样癌、腺样囊性癌的表达见于肿瘤细胞的胞膜或胞质。腺样囊性癌嗜神经现象组中,EMMPRIN表达的阳性率高于无嗜神经现象组,但差异无统计学意义。结论:EMMPRIN的表达与唾液腺肿瘤侵袭性生物学行为密切相关。     

Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase production by cytokines,pharmacological agents and periodontal pathogens in human periodontal ligament fibroblast cultures

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). produced by both infiltrating and resident cells of the periodontium, play a role in physiologic and pathologic events. It is recognized that an imbalance between activated MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors leads to pathologic breakdown of the extracellular matrix during periodontitis. To date, little is known about the regulation of MMP synthesis and secretion in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of cytokines, pharmacological agents (protein synthesis inhibitor and protein kinase C inhibitors) and predominant periodontal pathogens (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis) on MMP production in human PDLFs using gelatin zymography. The gelatin zymograms revealed that the main gelatinase secreted by human PDLFs migrated at 72 kDa and represents MMP-2. Minor gelatinolytic bands were also observed at 92 kDa regions that correspond to MMP-9. We found that A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and IL-1alpha can elevate MMP-2 secretion in human PDLFs. These results indicate that periodontal pathogens and inflammatory cytokines play an important role in tissue destruction and disintegration of extracellular matrix in periodontal diseases. Thus, activation of MMPs may be one of the distinct host degradative pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In addition, H7, staurosporine, cycloheximide and TGF-beta could suppress MMP-2 production. Agents that target protein synthesis or the protein kinase C pathway in human PDLFs inhibit MMP-2 production, and such inhibition may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal inflammation. Taken together, these findings suggest a possible new therapeutic approach, involving the use of drugs that modify host-response mechanisms to suppress or inhibit MMP-mediated tissue destruction.     

金属蛋白酶抑制剂BB-94抑制腺样囊性癌侵袭转移的实验

目的观察金属蛋白酶抑制剂BB-94对涎腺腺样囊性癌(adenoid cystic carcinoma,ACC)细胞侵袭、转移能力的抑制作用.方法癌细胞体外侵袭能力用重组基底膜侵袭实验测定,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(polyacrylamide gel     

Salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) levels and gelatinase (MMP-9) activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

We studied the salivary levels and activities of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -8 and -9 in 45 type 2 diabetic patients and 77 control subjects. The patients' mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 8.7%, indicating an unsatisfactory metabolic control of the disease. The MMP levels were further related to the clinical and microbiological periodontal findings as well as to salivary flow rate and other factors. The salivary flow rate, albumin and amylase concentrations were similar in type 2 diabetic patients to those in the control group. The mean gingival and periodontal pocket indexes were higher in the diabetes group. The number of potential periodontopathogenic bacteria was lower, however, in the diabetic than in the control group. Zymography and immunoblotting revealed that the major MMPs in the type 2 diabetic patients' saliva were MMP-8 and MMP-9. Salivary MMP levels and activities in type 2 diabetic patients were in general similar to those in the control group. However, the correlation coefficients using multiple regression analysis revealed that gingival bleeding, pocket depths and HbA1c were associated with increased MMP-8 levels which, in turn, were negatively predicted by elevated plasma lipid peroxide levels in the diabetic group. Our data on salivary MMP-8 and -9 do not support the concept of generalized neutrophil dysfunction in unbalanced diabetes. Moreover, plasma lipid peroxidation levels reflecting the increased oxidative burden, which is generated mainly by triggered neutrophils, do not indicate neutrophil dysfunction due to diabetes, but may rather be related to the increased tissue damage in an uncontrolled disease. However. advanced periodontitis in type 2 diabetes seems to be related to elevated salivary MMP-8 levels which might be useful in monitoring periodontal disease in diabetes.     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的研究进展

牙本质粘接混合层的长期稳定性不佳,基质金属蛋白酶等内源性酶降解胶原是导致混合层破坏的重要因素。使用酶抑制剂抑制胶原降解,维持胶原结构的完整性,是提高混合层稳定性的关键。本文重点总结了基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂（包括氯己定、乙二胺四乙酸、季铵盐类、锌离子和氧化锌、四环素类及其衍生物、异羟肟酸类抑制剂、二磷酸盐衍生物、交联剂等）的研究进展,并对未来的发展进行展望。