铀钼分离原理与工艺

铀钼分离是处理铀钼矿石的关键,介绍了铀钼水溶液化学性质的差异及沉淀法、溶剂萃取、离子交换法、液膜萃取法分离铀钼的原理与应用,提出了选择性分离铀钼的原则。     

Binary Extraction in Hydrometallurgy

Abstract

Results obtained during technological application of binary extraction (extraction by salts of organic acids and organic bases) for recovery and separation of non-ferrous, rare, noble and associated metals are presented in the paper. The method of extraction of copper, especially from leaching solutions of oxidised ores, with the use of tertraoc-tylammonium dialkyldithiophosphate has been developed- The binary extractant is characterized by high separation coefficients of copper and iron, large capacity according to copper and high rate of its extraction and stripping by solutions of ammonia. The technology has also been tested in the sorption-extraction mode.

Possibilities of the use of binary extractants for the purification of sulphate solutions containing copper and iron, and also chloride solutions containing iron, have been discussed. The technological scheme developed for the purification of aluminium from iron in chloride solutions with the application of carboxylate of trialkylamine is characterized by a more concentrated strip solution obtained in comparison with the system based on trialkylamine.

The technology of the extraction of indium from Zn-containing sulphate solutions with the use of binary extraction by dialkylphosphate of trioctylamine has been developed and adopted at the Chetaybinsk zinc factory. The use of hydrochloric acid has been avoided in the stripping stage by the application of binary extractant. The technological scheme worked out for the extraction of cadmium from Zn-containing sulphate solutions with the use of carboxylate of trialkylamine allows one to achieve objectives of cadmium recovery in the form of chloride anion, cadmium concentration and conversion with the generation of cadmium sulphate solution suitable for cementation and also simultaneous purification of zinc sulphate solution from chloride ion with the production of concentrated solution of natrium chloride. Possible uses of binary extractants for the recovery of molybdenum as well as extraction and separation of platinum metals are also discussed.

In hydrometallurgy the extraction processes are most effectively applied to solve the following tasks:

?extraction (and usually simultaneous concentration) of valuable components in processing solutions with complex composition; - separation of elements with similar properties and their isolation into corresponding products;

?purification of aqueous technological solutions from elements - impurities; synthesis of inorganic compounds using, stripped solutions with definite element composition;

?purification of industrial sewage.

Obviously, an extractant is selected depending on the objectives. A search of extractants is a continuing process and a wide circle of specialists in the field of extraction chemistry and technology, organic synthesis, physical chemistry, and others take part inthis process. Recently processes of the so-called binary extraction have attracted re- searcher's attention considerably. A review of results obtained by us on the use of binary extraction for technological applications is given in the present paper.     

钪的回收技术研究进展

综述了从矿石、氯化物烟尘、赤泥、冶炼废液中回收钪的主要工艺技术。根据国内外回收、提取钪的现状,从赤泥及冶炼废液中回收钪的技术相对较为成熟;随着多种高效、清洁萃取剂的开发及应用,萃取法在回收钪方面的工业应用较为广泛,开发低成本、高容量、无毒性或低毒性、无污染的萃取剂具有广阔的应用前景。寻求较易的分离、提纯钪的新工艺,是今后钪回收、提取的重要研究课题。     

黑龙江某大型钼矿深部矿石选矿工艺试验研究

对黑龙江某大型钼矿深部矿石进行了选矿工艺试验研究,考察了浮选流程结构、药剂制度、磨矿细度等因素对浮选指标的影响。结果表明:采用钼粗选—粗精矿再磨精选—粗选尾矿选硫工艺流程,在最佳工艺参数下,可获得钼精矿钼品位50.800%、钼回收率82.59%,硫精矿硫品位44.640%、硫回收率69.98%的较好工艺指标。     

从栾川浮选钼尾矿中综合利用白钨矿的过程研究

针对由我国栾川浮选钼尾矿综合回收伴生、难选白钨矿的系统工程问题 ,其中包括锥型螺旋分级、重选和浮选联合选矿、酸性洗涤、搅拌交流电场碱分解以及蒸发 -结晶和离子交换化学分离等过程 ,进行了专题性和系统性研究 ;本文的重点是述说尾矿的精密分级和白钨矿中的搅拌交流电场碱分解技术。     

低品位含铜钼精矿综合回收新工艺研究

采用焙烧—二段氨浸—萃取—反萃—铜电积—硝酸沉钼工艺流程处理低品位含铜钼精矿,最终产品为电解铜和钼酸铵。结果表明,铜回收率达到95%以上,钼回收率达到93%以上,产品均达到国标一等品标准。     

酸性体系中钼的溶剂萃取研究进展

目前酸浸工艺已广泛应用于各种含钼物料的处理,而由含钼酸浸溶液中萃取分离钼已愈来愈受到关注.文中在综述酸类萃取剂、中性萃取剂、胺类萃取剂从酸浸液中萃取分离钼工艺研究现状的基础上,对各类萃取剂萃钼机理及优缺点进行了分析,并指出了进一步研究的方向.      

钼矿石中钼的化学物相分析

建立了钼矿石中钼的物相分析方法，实验数据证明用浓氨水浸取钼华，２％Ｈ２ＳＯ４－１０％柠檬酸浸取钼白钨矿，２０％ＫＯＨ溶液浸取钼铅矿的深剂条件是成功的。本文法已用于生产实践，结果令人满意。     

Molybdenum extraction from molysulfide

Two different extraction processes were used to extract molybdenum metal from technical grade molysulfide. The first one involved two steps: open-aluminothermic reduction of molysulfide in presence of potassium chlorate as a thermal booster for obtaining massive molybdenum, and its conversion to high purity molybdenum metal by fused-salt electrore-fining in a KCl-K₃MoCl₆ electrolyte. The second approach aimed at direct recovery of molybdenum from molysulfide-carbon anodes by fused-salt electrolysis again in the KC1-K₃MoCl₆ electrolyte. In the electrorefining of the thermit metal, a metal recovery of 85 pct and an average current efficiency of 70 pct were achieved at 0.6 to 0.75 V using a cathode current density of 7499 A/m² (675 amp/f²) to 8332 A/m² (750 amp/f²), a bath temperature of 1173 K (900°C) and an electrolyte with 7.5 pct molybdenum content. With the same electrolyte and under almost similar conditions, electrolysis with molysulfide carbon anodes at a cathode current density of 14,998 A/m² (1350 amp/f²) to 15,554 A/m² (1400 amp/f²) gave a metal recovery of 82 pct, at an average current efficiency of 50 pct. Both the routes yielded molybdenum of comparable purity. The paper presents a part of the M.Sc. (Tech.) thesis submitted by T. K. Mukherjee to the University of Bombay (India).     

钼焙烧烟气铼回收工艺中的几个关键问题

铼是典型的稀散金属,自然界没有固定的矿物,主要从铜、钼加工“三废”——烟气、烟道灰及浸出废液中回收和提取。本文总结了十余年铼回收工作实践中对钼焙烧铼回收工艺中逸出、吸收、净化、提取等几个关键问题的认知和解决方法,以促进钼焙烧烟气铼回收的推广和钼焙烧清洁生产工艺的进步。     

试论我国钼矿选矿方法及研究现状

论述了我国钼资源的现状,介绍了几种不同类型钼矿的选矿方法,对钼矿选别过程中的一些技术问题提出了建议和想法。     

Flowsheet Options for Cobalt Recovery in African Copper–cobalt Hydrometallurgy Circuits

The price of cobalt has increased by some 450% in the past two years, mainly due to increasing demand for lithium–ion batteries. With an official 2017 production of 64 kt, the Democratic Republic of Congo produces more than half of the world’s cobalt. African Copperbelt operations have traditionally focused on copper production; however, it has now become imperative to also consider cobalt recovery from these ores. A plethora of processing routes is possible. Most hydrometallurgical flowsheets recover cobalt from the raffinate of the low-grade copper solvent-extraction circuit. Downstream purification processes include sequential precipitation with a variety of reagents, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. Product choices include hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate, and metal cathode. This study assesses technical and economic advantages and limitations of various approaches to the hydrometallurgical processing of cobalt in an African context.     

废催化剂中钼和钒的分离

在重油脱硫废催化剂的回收处理过程中，由于钼和钒的化学共性较多，分离较困难，本文着重阐述国内外在此类废催化剂回收处理过程中钼和钒分离的研究进展情况。     

某难选低品位铜钼矿的生产实践

新疆富蕴县索尔库都克铜矿具有我国伴生钼的矽卡岩型铜矿,大部分为不含钼的和含钼很低的贫矿的特性,应用浮选柱和浮选机联合设备工艺进行将含钼较低的铜矿进行铜钼分离,经稳定运行取得了铜精矿品位21.76%,铜回收率91.21%,钼精矿品位53.4%,钼回收率63.37%的指标。     

混合萃取剂双氧水络合萃取分离钨钼的初步研究

以双氧水为络合剂,采用混合萃取剂进行了高钼钨酸铵工业料液络合萃取分离钨钼的初步试验研究。试验考察了振荡平衡时间、双氧水用量、水相平衡pH值、温度等因素对钨钼萃取分离的影响,绘制了钼的萃取等温线并探索了反萃取方法。研究结果表明,该萃取体系具有良好的萃钼能力和钨钼分离性能,混合萃取剂浓度为45%的有机相对钼的饱和萃取容量达9.2 g/L,单级萃取钼钨分离系数可达50以上,NaOH溶液能有效反萃负载有机相。     

某难选钼矿的选矿试验研究

对某碳酸岩脉型钼矿床含铅钼矿石的原矿性质的研究结果表明,矿石物质成分复杂,原矿含铅高,钼铅相互浸染,嵌布粒度微细,属于难选矿石。通过对钼铅混合浮选和抑铅浮钼优先浮选两种工艺流程的对比试验研究,结果表明,采用混合浮选-混精多段磨矿脱铅的工艺流程有助于提高钼铅分离效果,获得钼和铅的良好选别指标。     

某低品位铅钼粗精矿浸出氧化钼试验研究

某低品位铅钼粗精矿中(含钼4.39%)钼主要以钼酸铅矿物形式存在,采用硫化钠浸出工艺提取氧化钼。在粒度-74μm占83%、硫化钠用量为理论量的2.5倍、液固比3∶1、浸出温度90~95℃、浸出时间1 h的条件下,钼浸出率85%,铅以硫化铅形式进入浸出渣,实现了钼酸铅矿中钼铅的分离。     

从彩钼铅粗精矿碱性浸出液中提取钼的新工艺

研究了一种从彩钼铅粗精矿碱性浸出液中回收钼的新工艺。该工艺涉及镁盐除硅、N235萃取钼、氨水溶液反萃取钼、盐酸沉淀钼等工序。试验结果表明:在溶液中ρ(Mo)=9.2g/L、ρ(SiO2)=1.01g/L,除硅温度75℃,pH=8.5,反应1h,氯化镁加入量为理论量4倍条件下,除硅率达87.31%;以15%N235-10%仲辛醇-75%煤油溶液作为萃取剂、在Va∶Vo=2.5∶1、pH为1.7～2.0条件下,混合萃取3min,钼的3级逆流萃取率为99.55%;经反萃取和沉淀钼,最终获得钼质量分数64%以上的氧化钼产品。该工艺钼回收率高,除硅效果较好。     

钼矿石的简易物相分析

钼矿石样品经碳酸钠-过氧化钠熔融分解,硫氰酸盐吸光光度法测得钼的总量,用碳酸钠-氢氧化铵混合溶液浸取得到钼的氧化矿物含量,通过计算得到钼的硫化矿物含量。方法简易、快速、实用。应用方法对6种钼矿样进行物相分析,精密度较好,各种钼矿石测定的相对标准偏差(n=8)在1.67%～3.36%之间。     

从铀钼合金燃料中选择性分离铀、钼试验研究

研究了以硝酸溶液为沉淀剂,从U-10%Mo合金中选择性沉淀分离铀和钼,考察了硝酸浓度、硝酸过量系数对铀、钼分离的影响。试验结果表明:在n(HNO3)/n(Mo)一定条件下,硝酸浓度对铀溶解率影响较小;随n(HNO3)/n(Mo)增大,铀溶解率增大至95.2%,钼沉淀率先降低后升高,铀钼分离系数(β)先减小后增大;[HNO3]≥12 mol/L时,n(HNO3)/n(Mo)≥94有利于铀钼分离,且工艺上容易实现。