食管贲门癌患者血清微量元素铜,锌的变化与治疗

应用先进的等离子体原子发射光谱法（ＰｌａｓｍａＡｔｏｍｉｃＥｍｉｓｓｉｏｎＳｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ）测定了３０例食管贲门癌患者手术前血清微量元素铜、锌及铜／锌比值的变化，并选正常成人２０例以为对照，结果显示：（１）高铜：食管贲门癌患者的血清铜较常人对照组呈明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）低锌：食管贲门癌患者血清锌较常人对照组呈明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）铜锌高比值：食管贲门癌患者血清铜／锌比值明显高于常人对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（４）当切除食管贲门癌肿瘤块时，患者血清铜、锌及其比值均向常值转变，但属不完全性；（５）加用复合蛋白锌有机制剂后，患者血清铜、锌及比值迅速地、完全地恢复到常值，患者血清微量元素重新出现平衡。     

血清锌、铜和脂质水平与绝经后妇女骨密度相关性研究

目的比较绝经后骨质疏松症女性和健康对照人群的血清锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)和血脂水平,并确定上述参数与骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)之间是否存在关联。方法研究对象为116名绝经后妇女,包括58例骨质疏松症患者[骨质疏松组,年龄(58.9±3.7)岁]和58名对照者[健康对照组,年龄(55.1±1.9)岁]。使用原子吸收分光光度法测定血清锌和铜含量,通过双能X线骨密度仪检测所有女性腰椎(L1～4)和左侧股骨颈的骨密度。结果两组患者血清锌和铜含量相近(P0.05);骨质疏松组血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和总胆固醇(TC)水平与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);相关分析显示体质量指数(bone mass index, BMI)与BMD值之间存在显著相关性(P0.05);血清Zn、Cu水平与血脂无显著相关性(P0.05);BMD与LDL(r=-0.302,P=0.002)和总胆固醇水平(r=-0.252,P=0.007)之间呈负相关。结论本研究表明血脂异常可能是绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的独立危险因素。此外,微量元素对BMD没有直接和相关的影响。     

烧伤后锌代谢特点及其对铜、铁、钙的影响

目的 观察烧伤后锌(Zn)的代谢及其对铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)的影响。方法(1)检测烧伤患伤后不同时间血清、尿液中Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca浓度的变化。(2)建立大鼠缺Zn模型，观察缺Zn表现和烫伤后不同剂量口饲补锌的效果。(3)普通大鼠烫伤后经口饲和创面补Zn，检测创面组织中Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca含量。结果(1)大面积烧伤患伤后1—3d血清Zn、Cu明显下降，伤后28d内始终低于小面积烧伤患。尿Zn、Cu明显增加，伤后14d达峰值。血清Fe伤后第1天急剧上升，第2天大幅度下降，尿Fe第2天达高峰，随后下降，但仍高于正常值2倍。血清、尿Ca下降，以伤后第2天最低。(2)缺Zn大鼠出现生长停滞和典型的缺锌症侯群，血清Zn明显降低，血清Cu、Fe、Ca高于正常对照。缺Zn大鼠口饲补Zn后血清Zn明显升高，补Zn剂量与血清Zn含量增加呈正比；血清Fe下降呈反比，血清Cu仍高于正常对照；补Zn后Ca变化不明显。(3)正常大鼠烫伤后创面组织中Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca均呈上升趋势，尤以Ca最为明显，上升50倍左右。创面补Zn与口饲补Zn比较，创面组织Zn上升幅度大，Cu、Fe、Ca升高幅度小。结论烧伤后血清Zn下降，口饲与创面补锌皆可使血清Zn升高但口饲补锌利于血锌升高，创面补Zn则以提高局部Zn含量为主。血Zn的变化能够引起血Cu、Fe和Ca的相应变化。     

小儿氯胺酮麻醉与微量元素铜,锌的变化观察

铜、锌是机体必需的微量元素,其作用日益受到国内外学者的关注。我们采用电位溶出分析法观察小儿氯胺酮麻醉时血清铜、锌的变化,现将初步观察结果总结如下。资料和方法一、临床资料选择 ASA.I,行斜疝和鞘膜积液手术儿童25例,男21,女4例,年龄1.5～6岁。     

前列腺癌患者血清中铜、锌与铜/锌比值的变化及意义

目的探讨血清铜、锌含量与前列腺癌之间的关系，并将其与血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）比较，探讨其在前列腺癌诊断中价值比较。方法采用原子吸收分光光度法测定76例前列腺癌患者、125例前列腺增生患者和191例健康男性的血清铜、锌含量。结果前列腺癌组血清锌明显低于健康对照组，血清铜和铜/锌比值明显高于健康对照组（P〈0.05）。前列腺癌组血清铜及铜/锌比值与前列腺增生组比较未见显著性差异;前列腺癌组血清锌低于前列腺增生组（P〈0.05）。前列腺增生组血清锌与健康对照组比较未见显著性差异;前列腺增生组血清铜和铜/锌比值高于健康对照组（P〈0.05）。PSA在4.0-10.0ng/ml灰色区域的前列腺癌组，血清锌ROC-AUC（receiver operator characteristic curve-area under curve）为66%，高于PSA的ROC-AUC。结论血清铜、铜/锌比值升高及血清锌降低可能是前列腺癌发生的危险因素，血清锌在PSA（4.0～10.0）ng/ml灰色区域的前列腺癌诊断效率高于PSA，其可能为前列腺癌的诊断提供有价值的指标。     

结直肠癌患者血清可溶性CD26增高及其意义

目的评价血清可溶性CD2(6sCD26)对结直肠癌的诊断价值。方法收集我院59例结直肠癌患者、51例结直肠良性疾病患者和41例健康对照患者的血清,采用ELISA法检测血清中sCD26浓度。采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)法评价血清sCD26对结直肠癌的诊断价值,并采用logistic回归分析其对结直肠癌的关系是否独立于癌胚抗原(CEA)。结果结直肠癌患者血清sCD26水平较健康对照组和结直肠良性疾病组患者增高(P<0.01),但sCD26在Dukes不同分期间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.78)。sCD26诊断结直肠癌的曲线下面积为0.72〔95%可信区间(CI)为0.63～0.82,P<0.01〕,最佳诊断界值为526μg/L。sCD26的诊断敏感度和特异度分别为0.59(95%CI为0.48～0.72)和0.80(95%CI为0.67～0.90)。在包含了CEA的logistic回归模型中,sCD26阳性(≥526μg/L)的优势比为5.17(95%CI为1.72～15.53,P<0.01)。DukesA期结直肠癌患者sCD26较CEA具有更高的阳性率(P=0.03),但Dukes B、C和D期结直肠癌患者sCD26的阳性率均低于CEA(P<0.05)。结论sCD26对结直肠癌具有较高且独立于CEA的诊断价值。与CEA相比,sCD26更具有成为结直肠癌早期标志物的潜质。     

Innovations in Serum and Urine Markers in Prostate Cancer: Current European Research in the P-Mark Project

An overview is given of serum and urine prostate cancer markers that are currently under investigation and subsequently the P-Mark project is introduced. There are many markers showing promise to overcome the limitations of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Eventually, these markers should be able to increase the specificity in diagnosis, differentiate between harmless and aggressive disease and identify progression towards androgen independence at an early stage. In the P-Mark project, several recently developed, promising markers will be evaluated using clinically well-defined biorepositories. Following successful evaluation, these markers will be validated on a sample set derived from two large, European, prostate cancer studies and used for the identification of special risk groups in the general population. In addition, novel markers will be identified in the same biorepositories by different mass spectrometry techniques.     

Serum Proteomic Profiling in Patients with Bladder Cancer

Background

Despite continuing research for accurate bladder cancer biomarkers, the analytes suffer from lack of sensitivity and specificity.

Objective

To search for discriminating protein patterns in serum, we used magnetic bead–based separation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) to identify patients with bladder cancer.

Design, setting and participants

In total, serum samples from 105 patients with bladder cancer, 98 healthy controls, and 45 prostate cancer patients were included in this study.

Measurements

Serum samples were fractionated by means of surface-activated magnetic beads and were subsequently analyzed with MALDI-TOF MS. Multidimensional data analysis was done to generate algorithms capable of distinguishing between cancer patients and healthy individuals. The algorithms were trained using a training set of 41 bladder cancer patients and 39 healthy controls and were validated with an independent test set of 64 bladder cancer patients and 59 healthy controls. Additionally, 45 prostate cancer samples were used as a third test set.

Results and limitations

In the training set, patients with bladder cancer could be identified with an overall sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 89.2%. Similar results could be achieved for the test set, showing 96.4% sensitivity and 86.5% specificity. Even the presence of low-stage tumors could be predicted with 96% sensitivity and could be distinguished from higher stage or grade tumors with a sensitivity of 77.3%. Distinction between other tumor stages, however, resulted in lower sensitivity values.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that screening for serum protein patterns using MALDI-TOF MS shows high sensitivity and specificity in identifying patients with bladder cancer, regardless of tumor stage. Due to high-throughput capability, the identified differential protein panel may improve the detection of bladder cancer.     

支气管肺癌冷冻手术前后机体免疫功能变化的动态研究

检测冷冻手术和根治切除的肺癌病人术前和术后的Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群、ＩＬ－２Ｒ、ＮＫ细胞活性、ＴＮＦ含量及免疫球蛋白和补体Ｃ３含量。结果显示：冷冻和根治切除术都有恢复免疫功能的作用。冷冻组肺癌多属晚期，术前各项指标较根治组低，但冷冻后各项免疫指标明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１），与根治切除术比较，冷冻治疗的免疫恢复作用较强。     

肺癌病人Ki－ras基因点突变与术后长期生存关系的研究

本研究应用ＰＣＲ及寡核苷酸探针杂交技术，研究肺癌组织Ｋｉ－ｒａｓ基因点突变与肺癌病人术后长期生存的关系。结果显示：（１）６０例肺癌中Ｋｉ－ｒａｓ点突变率为４１．６７％。（２）小细胞肺癌Ｋｉ－ｒａｓ突变率较鳞癌、腺癌高，分别为５０％、４３．４８％和４０．７４％。（３）有Ｋｉ－ｒａｓ点突变组肺癌病人，其术后１、３、５年生存率分别为６４．０％、３６．０％和２４．０％；而无点突变组肺癌病人术后１、３、５年生存率分别为７４．２９％、５１．４３％和４０．０％。本研究结果表明：研究肺癌的Ｋｉ－ｒａｓ基因点突变，对判断肺癌病人的预后，指导术后的综合治疗，具有重要的临床意义。     

肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征的外科治疗

目的报告肺切除合并全上腔静脉切除人造血管置换术治疗肺癌伴上腔静脉综合征患者的结果。方法１９９４年９月～１９９６年１１月，行肺切除合并全上腔静脉切除，人造血管置换重建术，治疗侵及上腔静脉的Ⅲｂ期肺癌３例。其中支气管、肺动脉袖状成型右上叶切除２例，右全肺切除１例。结果本组无手术死亡和严重手术并发症；术后无癌存活超过２８月１例，９月１例，２月１例。结论肺切除合并全上腔静脉切除、人造血管置换重建术，治疗肺癌合并上腔静脉综合征，能明显延长这类患者的近期和长期生存时间。     

Elevated Serum Arginase Activity Levels in Patients with Breast Cancer

Purpose. Recently, the high activity of arginase enzyme has been observed in the sera of malignant neoplasms. In this pathogenic condition, it is said that arginase strongly inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and plays a role in providing ornithine as a substrate for biosynthesis of polyamines, which have been found in various types of cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the arginase activity levels in breast cancer as a marker.Methods. We evaluated the serum arginase activity levels in 48 females with breast cancer, in 30 females with benign disease, and in 50 healthy control subjects. The serum arginase activities were determined according to the slightly modified method of Chinard.Results. The mean activity of arginase was found to be high in the early stages (n = 27, stage I + II, P 0.01), and higher in the advanced states (n = 21, stage III + IV, P 0.001) of the malignant group in comparison with those of the normal subjects.Conclusion. A high arginase level in breast cancer was observed to possibly be released into the serum: namely, the more advanced the breast cancer, the higher the serum level of arginase enzyme activity. Therefore, this enzyme might serve as a useful biological marker in breast cancer while also being an indicator of breast cancer progression.     

Serum Interleukin-11 in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

To clarify whether serum levels of interleukin-11 (IL-11) could be a useful marker in patients with prostate cancer, serum IL-11 was determined in 73 and 23 men with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), respectively, before treatment. There were no statistical differences of IL-11 levels between patients with prostate cancer and BPH. Patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer had a significantly higher level of IL-11 than those with untreated cancer. Serum IL-11 levels may be a potential tumor marker for prostate cancer progression.     

血清肿瘤标志物联合检验诊断结直肠癌的价值

为探究血清肿瘤标志物联合检验诊断结直肠癌的价值,选取2017-2018年在我院治疗的67例结直肠癌患者为观察组,并以同期健康体检者67名为对照组,观察2组癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原(CA19-9、CA72-4)、细胞角蛋白19的可溶性片段(CYFRA211)的表达水平、不同分期血清肿瘤标志物水平以及检测灵敏度与特异性...     

肺癌手术病人疾病知识掌握情况调查

目的了解肺癌病人疾病知识掌握情况,为完善肺癌病人健康教育内容提供依据.方法采用自行设计的肺癌疾病知识量表对108例肺癌病人进行调查.结果 52.78%肺癌病人的总体知识掌握较好,其中疾病危险因素、手术治疗、症状与早期诊断知识得分较高;相对缺乏知识为继续治疗、手术后不适和应对方法、康复保健知识.影响病人疾病知识掌握的因素为文化程度和医疗费支付方式(均P＜0.05).结论专科护士应根据不同病人的特点,针对其薄弱环节有目的地开展健康教育,提高病人疾病知识水平.