Deterioration mechanism of sulfate attack on concrete under freeze-thaw cycles

The experiments of concrete attacked by sulfate solution under freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. The sulfate solution includes two types of 5% Na2SO4 and 5% MgSO4. Through the experiment, microstructural analyses such as SEM, XRD and TGA measurements were performed on the selected samples after freeze-thaw cycles. The corrosion products of the concrete were distinguished and quantitatively compared by the thermal analysis. Besides, the damage mechanism considering the dynamic modulus of elastically of concrete under the coupling effect was also investigated. The experimental results show that, under the action of freeze-thaw cycles and sulfate attack, the main attack products in concrete are ettringite and gypsum. The corrosion products exposed to MgSO4 solution are more than those to Na2SO4 solution. Furthermore, the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some of gypsum can be observed only after a certain corrosion extent. It is also shown that MgSO4 solution has a promoting effect to the damage of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles. Whereas for Na：SO4 solution, the damage of concrete has restrained before 300 freeze-thaw cycles, but the sulfate attack accelerates the deterioration process in its further test period.     

Deterioration of concrete in railway tunnel suffering from sulfate attack

For the sake of understanding the deterioration behavior of concrete in actual railway tunnel structures subjected to aggressive sulfate medium in practice,detailed field investigations and tested analysis on sprayed concrete linings of approximately 40-year-old railway tunnels in environments containing sulfate ion were carried out,respectively.The results show that the deterioration of concretes in the investigated area is serious,which involves complicated physicochemical process between the sulfate salt...     

成型压力和浸泡时间对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响

在不同的试验条件下对抗硫酸盐侵蚀进行试验,研究了成型压力和浸泡时间对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响．结果表明：按现有规范规定的成型压力取得的试验结果偏大,对评价侵蚀性能不利,采用振动成型更接近实际情况;随着浸泡时间的延长,混凝土的耐腐蚀性均有所下降,建议延长浸泡时间评价混凝土的抗腐性能．     

硫酸盐环境混凝土动弹性模量及微观研究

针对西部重盐渍土地区混凝土的耐久性问题,以内掺复合掺合料制成的高性能细石混凝土和普通硅酸盐水泥以及抗硫酸盐水泥制成的高性能细石混凝土作为研究对象,在硫酸钠溶液中进行干湿循环后,通过对动弹性模量的测量以及对混凝土SEM形貌分析,结果表明,在干湿交替的恶劣环境中,抗硫酸盐水泥混凝土的抗侵蚀性能并不比普通水泥混凝土好;掺加复合掺和料的高性能细石混凝土对硫酸盐侵蚀有较好的抵抗性能;掺加矿物掺合料能够与混凝土内部的不利成分Ca(OH)2发生二次水化反应,生成有利的C-S-H凝胶,有效改善混凝土的微观结构;并给出了在盐渍土地区拌制混凝土的建议.     

硫酸盐腐蚀后混凝土单轴受压本构关系

为了研究硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土力学性能的变化,对受硫酸盐腐蚀的普通混凝土进行单轴受压实验.通过实验室加速腐蚀的实验方法,测定不同腐蚀时期的混凝土的应力应变全曲线,研究受腐蚀混凝土应力-应变曲线上的几个特征值(峰值应力及应变、弹性模量、割线模量、拐点应力及应变、收敛点应力及应变)随腐蚀程度变化的规律,对腐蚀后混凝土的应力应变全曲线进行拟合.结果表明:随腐蚀的进行,混凝土峰值应力、弹性模量先增加后减小,而峰值应变是先稍微有所减小,而后急剧增大;该实验条件下获得了受腐蚀后混凝土应力应变曲线上各特征值与峰值应力fc′的关系式,建立了曲线上升段参数αa的数学表达式.可以以受腐蚀混凝土的强度为基本参数,分别求解受腐蚀混凝土峰值应变、弹性模量,上升段曲线拟合参数、拐点应力以及收敛点应力.从而得到受腐蚀混凝土一系列的力学参数和本构关系.     

胶凝材料组成对混凝土TSA硫酸盐侵蚀的影响

研究不同水泥品种、矿物掺合料对混凝土抗TSA侵蚀性能的影响规律,采用掺30%石灰石粉填料的胶砂件,测试各砂浆在5±1℃的2%MgSO4溶液中浸泡1年后的外观破损与强度损失情况,通过X-射线衍射仪分析各砂浆的矿物成分.结果表明:不同品种水泥的抗TSA侵蚀能力由高到低依次为:硫铝酸盐水泥 硅酸盐水泥复合>硫铝酸盐水泥>抗硫酸盐水泥>普硅水泥.掺硅灰和矿渣细粉均能明显改善混凝土抗TSA侵蚀性能,且矿渣粉掺量越大效果越明显.由于粉煤灰活性低,掺量较少时可在一定程度上减缓TSA侵蚀过程,但掺量过多时反而产生不利影响.     

Ultrasonic testing and microscopic analysis on concrete under sulfate attack and cyclic environment

The damage process of concrete exposed to sodium sulfate attack and drying-wetting cycles was investigated. The water to binder（W/B） ratio and the concentration of sulfate solution were taken as variable parameters. Through the experiment, visual change, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity（RDME） and the surface damage layer thickness of concrete were measured.Furthermore, SEM and thermal analysis were used to investigate the changing of microstructure and corrosion products of concrete.The test results show that the ultrasonic velocity is related to the damage layer of concrete. It approves that an increase in damage layer thickness reduces the compactness and the ultrasonic velocity. The deterioration degree of concrete could be estimated effectively by measuring the surface damage layer and the RDME of concrete. It is also found that the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some gypsum is checked only after a certain corrosion extent. When the concrete is with high W/B ratio or exposed to high concentration of sulfate solution, the content of ettringite first increases and then decreases with corrosion time. However, the content of gypsum increases at a steady rate. The content of corrosion products does not correspond well with the observations of RDME change, and extensive amount of corrosion products can be formed before obvious damage occurs.     

Experimental investigation on dynamic mechanical characteristics and microstructure of steam-cured concrete

Steam-cured concrete is widely used to manufacture prefabricated units of high-speed railway foundation structure such as girder and track slab. The dynamic mechanical property of steam-cured concrete is one of the key properties affecting service performance of high-speed railway foundation structure. In the present paper, serial macro/micro-experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamic elastic modulus, shear modulus, damping ratio, and microstructure of steam-cured concrete. The relationships between compositions, curing regime, microstructure, and dynamic properties of steam-cured concrete as well as the corresponding mechanisms were discussed. The results indicate that steam-cured concrete in early age has a larger dynamic elastic modulus and shear modulus as well as a smaller damping ratio compared with standard-cured concrete. On the contrary, at a later age a slightly smaller dynamic elastic modulus and a larger damping ratio of steam-cured concrete are observed. Addition of mineral admixture results in a bit lower dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio of concrete than that of the control specimen without mineral admixtures. The achievements can provide some fundamental suggestions for materials parameters selection during structural design of steam-cured concrete precast element.     

硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土双K断裂参数试验研究

为了评估硫酸盐侵蚀环境下混凝土的工作性能并为断裂分析提供依据,采用三点弯曲梁试验方法,研究在硫酸盐侵蚀和干湿循环双重作用下混凝土双K断裂参数等断裂性能的劣化规律.基于断裂力学理论,通过在裂缝尖端表面粘贴应变片来监测裂缝的起裂、扩展和失稳断裂情况,得到在不同硫酸盐侵蚀龄期下试件的P-CMOD曲线.以侵蚀系数为评价指标,采用混凝土双K断裂准则计算构件的失稳韧度和起裂韧度.结果表明:起裂荷载与最大荷载的比值PQ/Pmax大致分布在0.55～0.90,失稳韧度和起裂韧度在侵蚀初期均有较明显的增大,转折点分别为60和30d,之后随侵蚀龄期不断缓慢减小.与失稳韧度相比,起裂韧度受硫酸盐侵蚀因素的影响较敏感.     

Property of corroded concrete under compressive uniaxial loads

In order to study the compressive property of corroded concrete, accelerated corrosion test were performed on concrete C30.6 corrosive solutions, including hydraulic acid solution （pH=2）, hydraulic acid solution （pH=3） were applied as the corrosive medium. 6 series of corrosion tests, including 111 specimens, were carried out. Mechanical properties of all the corroded specimens were tested respectively. Compressive properties of the corroded specimens （e.g. compressive strength, stress-strain relation, elastic modulus etc.） were achieved. Taking the strength degradation ratio and strain energy loss as damage index, effects of the corrosion solution on the compressive property of corroded concrete were discussed in detail. Relationship between the damage index and corrosion state of specimens were achieved.     

Experimental and theoretical research on residual strength of plain concrete under compressive fatigue loading

To investigate the residual strength of concrete under fatigue loading, experiments were conducted to determine the functional relation between residual strength and the number of cycles. 80 100mm × 100mm × 100mm specimens of plain concrete were tested under uniaxial compressive fatigue loading. Based on probabili- ty distribution of the residual strength of concrete under fatigue loading, the empirical expressions of the residual strength corresponding to the number of cycles were obtained. There is a good correlation between residual strength and residual secant elastic modulus. Thus the relationship between residual secant elastic modulus and the number of cycles is established. A damage variable based on the longitudinal maximum strain is defined, and a good linearity relationship between residual strength and damage is found out.     

氯离子含量对混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀程度的影响研究

通过实验室完全浸泡和加大腐蚀溶液浓度的方法来加速混凝土的硫酸盐腐蚀.腐蚀溶液采用10%硫酸钠加入不同浓度的氯化钠,并以清水溶液为对比,定期测试各溶液中混凝土的立方体抗压强度,通过腐蚀后强度的变化来计算腐蚀层厚度和强度退化率,从而反映出混凝土的腐蚀程度.试验表明氯离子的存在明显的降低了混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀的程度,并且在复合溶液中随着氯离子含量的增大,混凝土受硫酸盐腐蚀程度逐渐减小.最后通过对混凝土微观结构的检测和元素分布的分析,证明了氯离子的存在影响了硫酸根离子与混凝土水化产物的反应,从而能够减轻混凝土受硫酸盐腐蚀的破坏程度.     

Form and mechanism of sulfate attack on cement-based material made of limestone powder at low water-binder ratio under low temperature conditions

The development of strength and the form of attack of cement-based material made of limestone powder at low water-binder ratio under low-temperature sulfate environment were studied. The results indicate that when water-binder ratio is lower than 0.40, the cement-based material with limestone powder has insignificant change in appearance after being soaked in 10% magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature for 120 d, and has significant change in appearance after being soaked at the age of 200 d. Expansion damage and exfoliation occur on the surface of concrete test cube at different levels. When limestone powder accounts for about 28 percent of cementitious material, with the decrease of water-binder ratio, the compressive strength loss has gradually decreased after the material is soaked in the magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature at the age of 200 d. After the specimen with the water-binder ratio of less than 0.4 and the limestone powder volume of greater than 20% is soaked in 10% magnesium sulfate solution at low temperature at the age of 200 d, gypsum attack-led destruction is caused to the concrete test cube, without thaumasite sulfate attack.     

混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能与龄期关系的快速试验研究

文章介绍用混凝土抗氯离子渗透快速试验法研究不同掺合料混凝土氯离子相对扩散系数随时间的变化,得出氯离子相对扩散系数随时间呈指数变化的关系,与有关文献给出的混凝土自然暴露结果相似.     

约束膨胀混凝土的力学性能分析

通过特制的钢管试模,制成模拟钢管混凝土中核心混凝土工作状的混凝土试块。针对约束状态下形成的不同高效减水剂量掺量与不同混凝土膨胀掺量的混凝土进行其力学性能分析,从而探索提高构件力学性能的最佳途径。通过对应的钢混凝土标准试件的力学性能测试,证明核心混凝土性能改变的规律。     

Residual Tensile Strength of Plain Concrete Under Tensile Fatigue Loading

The functional relation between the residual tensile strength of plain concrete and number of cycles was determined. 99 tappered prism specimens of plain concrete were tested under uniaxial tensile fatigue loading. Based on the probability distribution of the residual tensile strength, the empirical expressions of the residual tensile strength corresponding to the number of cycles were obtained. The residual tensile strength attenuating curves can be used to predict the residual fatigue life of the specimen under variable-amplitude fatigue loading. There is a good correlation between residual tensile strength and residual secant elastic modulus. The relationship between the residual secant elastic modulus and number of cycles was also established.     

偏高岭土高性能混凝土的轴压应力-应变关系

采用美国产MTS试验机,研究了掺偏高岭土(Melakaolin,MK)的混凝土轴压应力-应变关系．试验结果表明,随着MK掺量的增加,混凝土的抗压强度随之提高,特别是早期强度提高更为显著．弹性模量略有提高,但幅度明显小于强度提高值．混凝土的韧性得到改善．此外,MK对混凝土的流动性影响较小,且能显著改善粘聚性和保水性．因此,偏高岭土是一种优异的高强高性能混凝土掺合料．     

轻集料取代碎石对混凝土强度和弹性模量影响的研究

利用轻集料与碎石集料混合配制混凝土,可使混凝土的性能得到优化,该类混凝土已显示出较好的应用前景.通过研究轻集料取代碎石对混凝土强度和弹性模量影响规律,确定了轻集料取代率与混凝土密度、弹性模量之间的定量关系,探讨了轻集料取代碎石对混凝土极限应变的影响,提出通过集料混合调控混凝土弹性模量、提高混凝土极限应变和抗拉能力的技术思路,为新型轻质高性能混凝土的研究提供了有益的参考.