CsCl-PEG8000-H2O三元体系288.2、298.2、308.2K相平衡测定

采用等温溶解法和浊点法研究了288.2、298.2、308.2 K下三元体系CsCl-PEG8000-H₂O的相平衡关系,采用经验方程分别对双液线和结线数据进行了拟合,绘制了完整相图。研究发现CsCl-PEG8000-H₂O体系在288.2、298.2、308.2 K下同时存在固液平衡与液液平衡关系,其完整相图均由不饱和液相区（L）、两个一液一固区（L+S）、双液相区（2L）、两液一固区（2L+S）和两固一液区（2S+L）构成;随着温度升高,不饱和液相区（L）、双液相区（2L）、一液一固区（L+S）、两液一固区（2L+S）均增大,两固一液区（2S+L）减小。对比288.2、298.2、308.2 K下三元体系CsCl-PEG1000/4000/6000/8000-H₂O完整相图,结果表明：288.2、298.2 K时,仅CsCl-PEG1000-H₂O体系存在固液平衡关系,CsCl-PEG4000/6000/8000-H₂O体系同时存在固液和液液平衡关系;308.2 K时,CsCl-PEG1000/4000/6000/8000-H₂O体系同时存在固液和液液平衡关系;双液相区（2L）随聚乙二醇分子量增大而增大。     

Phase equilibrium data for aqueous solutions of formic acid with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol at T=(298.2, 308.2, 318.2, and 328.2) K

Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the system of (water+formic acid+2-ethyl-1-hexanol) were experimentally determined at T=(298.2, 308.2, 318.2, and 328.2) K and atmospheric pressure. A type-2 LLE was obtained for this ternary system. The influence of temperature on the equilibrium characteristics was found to be smallat the temperatures studied. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were calculated over the immiscibility regions. The experimental tie-line data were correlated using the UNIQUAC model. The values of the interaction parameters between each pair of the components were obtained for this thermodynamic model. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the observed and calculated mass fractions was 0.61%.     

聚甲氧基二甲醚+水+正己烷三元体系的液液相平衡

聚甲氧基二甲醚（PODE_n）是一种极具应用前景的清洁柴油调和组分。研究了293.15 K、常压下PODE₁+水+正己烷、PODE₂+水+正己烷、PODE₃+水+正己烷、PODE₄+水+正己烷这4组三元体系的液液相平衡。PODE₁-4组分的萃取选择性系数S远大于1,表明正己烷作为萃取剂从水溶液中萃取PODE_1-4是可行的;经Hand结线关联检验,各体系的相平衡数据具有较高的一致性;采用NRTL和UNIQUAC热力学模型对相平衡数据进行拟合,均方根差计算（RMSD）结果和三元相图分析结果表明NRTL和UNIQUAC都能较好地描述三元体系的液液相平衡。     

Measurement and modelling of phase equilibria for ethanol+water+1-pentanol at isobaric condition

In the same way as in other processes, the simulation of the distillation of wine and must is a challenging task due to of the lack of thermodynamic information because of scarcity of accurate studies of phase equilibria. Simulation of these processes is rather complicated because of the presence of polar substances (called congeners) at very low concentration. These congeners are essential enological components of the organoleptic matrix, so the availability of accurate studies and quality data is of primary interest. This work studies the phase behaviour of the ternary system ethanol+water+1-pentanol at 101.3 kPa, being the third compound one of the most important legal congeners in common alcoholic distillation. Experimental results showed that this system is partially miscible and exhibits two binary minimum azeotropes. Prediction of activity coefficients and equilibrium compositions with different UNIFAC group contribution models showed poor accurate results. Consistency of experimental data was tested by the McDermott-Ellis method. In addition, available literature was compared and commented upon. The lack of experimental data in multicomponent alcoholic distillation mixtures and the low reliability of the group contribution methods suggest a prudent work into simulation of this kind of distillation processes.     

The thermodynamics and separation process design for the ternary system 1,3-propanediol + 1,3-butanediol + 2,3-butanediol

ABSTRACT

The isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.3kPa for (1,3-propanediol(PG) + 1,3-butanediol(BD)), (1,3-PG+2,3-BD) and (1,3-BD+2,3-BD) and for the ternary system of (1,3-PG+1,3-BD+2,3-BD) have been measured. The thermodynamic properties of the non-ideal vapor phase have been considered with the EOS equation. The liquid activity coefficients have been calculated with Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC equations, and the binary interaction parameters were regressed by these models. The vapor composition of VLE data were calculated by the optimum parameter group and generated a good consistency to experimental values. Based on all the preceding results, a two-column distillation process was designed.     

Liquid+liquid equilibria of ternary water+carboxylic acid+solvent systems at 288.15 K

The experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for six ternary systems containing (chloroform+propionic acid+water), (chloroform+acetic acid+water), (diethyl ether+propionic acid+water), (diethyl ether+acetic acid+water), (trichloroethylene+propionic acid+water) and (trichloroethylene+acetic acid+water) were measured at 288.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. An accurate and simple titration method was used for determining of the concentration of carboxylic acid in the both liquid phases at equilibrium. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was confirmed by using the Othmer-Tobias correlation. The distribution coefficients and selectivity factors were presented to evaluate the efficiency of the solvents for extraction of carboxylic acid from water. The results show that chloroform and diethyl ether are satisfactory solvents for extraction of carboxylic acids from water. Trichloroethylene separates propionic acid from water; however, it cannot be used as a solvent for separation of acetic acid.     

Liquid-liquid equilibria of the system water + acetic acid + methyl propyl ketone

This article reports equilibrium data for the binary liquid-liquid system water + methyl propyl ketone at temperatures in the range 20-55°C, together with solubilities and equilibrium compositions of the ternary system water + acetic acid + methyl propyl ketone at 25, 35, 45 and 55°C. NRTL and UNIQUAC equations have been fitted to the experimental data for the ternary system, which are likewise compared with the values predicted by the group contribution method UNIFAC.     

308.2 K三元体系KCl+PEG10000/20000+H2O相平衡及热力学计算

采用等温溶解平衡法和浊点法分别测定了308.2 K时三元体系KCl+PEG10000/20000+H₂O的固液平衡组成和液液平衡组成,同时测定了固液平衡时体系的密度和折射率。根据实验数据,绘制了两个三元体系308.2 K时的完整相图、双液线对比图和结线-组成图。研究发现：三元体系KCl+PEG10000/20000+H₂O 308.2 K时的完整相图均包含6个区域：不饱和液相区（L）,2个一固一液区（L+S）,双液相区（2L）,两液一固区（2L+S）,两固一液区（L+2S）;其中,一液两固区（L+2S）中的两种固相分别为KCl和PEG10000/20000。在完整相图中,一固一液区面积最大,双液相区面积最小。对比308.2 K时聚乙二醇分子量为1000、4000、6000、10000和20000的KCl+PEG+H₂O体系可知：分子量为1000、4000和6000时,体系中仅存在固液相平衡关系;分子量为10000和20000时,体系中同时存在固液和液液相平衡关系,且随着聚乙二醇分子量的增加,双液线向原点移动,双液相区（2L）和两液一固区（2L+S）增大,不饱和液相区（L）和一固一液区（L+S）均减小。采用Chen-NRTL-PDH热力学模型进行了液液相平衡计算,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

298.2 K四元体系Li+， K+， NH4+ // Cl——H2O相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了298.2 K三元体系Li⁺,\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+} // Cl^--H₂O和四元体系Li⁺,K⁺,\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+} // Cl^--H₂O的相平衡。采用湿渣法和XRD测定了三元体系共饱点处平衡固相组成,发现固溶体(NH₄Cl) _x (LiCl·H₂O)_1-x 形成;采用XRD和SEM测定了四元体系共饱点处平衡固相组成,发现固溶体(NH₄Cl) _x (LiCl·H₂O)_1-x 、(NH₄Cl) _x (KCl)_1-x 和 （KCl) _x (NH₄Cl)_1-x 形成。研究发现：298.2 K下,三元体系相图由2个共饱点、3条单变量曲线和3个结晶相区组成,结晶区面积按照NH₄Cl > (NH₄Cl) _x (LiCl·H₂O)_1-x > LiCl·H₂O顺序依次减小;四元体系相图包含3个共饱点、8条单变量曲线和6个结晶相区,结晶区面积按 (KCl) _x (NH₄Cl)_1-x > NH₄Cl > KCl > (NH₄Cl) _x (KCl)_1-x > (NH₄Cl) _x （LiCl·H₂O)_1-x > LiCl·H₂O顺序依次减小。结果表明：298.2 K时,在氯化物体系中,锂铵和钾铵均可形成固溶体,且钾铵比锂铵更容易形成固溶体而大量析出,增加了锂钾铵氯化物的分离难度。     

298.2 K四元体系Li+， K+， NH4+ // Cl——H2O相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了298.2 K三元体系Li⁺,\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+} // Cl^--H₂O和四元体系Li⁺,K⁺,\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+} // Cl^--H₂O的相平衡。采用湿渣法和XRD测定了三元体系共饱点处平衡固相组成,发现固溶体(NH₄Cl) _x (LiCl·H₂O)_1-x 形成;采用XRD和SEM测定了四元体系共饱点处平衡固相组成,发现固溶体(NH₄Cl) _x (LiCl·H₂O)_1-x 、(NH₄Cl) _x (KCl)_1-x 和 （KCl) _x (NH₄Cl)_1-x 形成。研究发现：298.2 K下,三元体系相图由2个共饱点、3条单变量曲线和3个结晶相区组成,结晶区面积按照NH₄Cl > (NH₄Cl) _x (LiCl·H₂O)_1-x > LiCl·H₂O顺序依次减小;四元体系相图包含3个共饱点、8条单变量曲线和6个结晶相区,结晶区面积按 (KCl) _x (NH₄Cl)_1-x > NH₄Cl > KCl > (NH₄Cl) _x (KCl)_1-x > (NH₄Cl) _x （LiCl·H₂O)_1-x > LiCl·H₂O顺序依次减小。结果表明：298.2 K时,在氯化物体系中,锂铵和钾铵均可形成固溶体,且钾铵比锂铵更容易形成固溶体而大量析出,增加了锂钾铵氯化物的分离难度。     

Solid-Liquid Equilibria of trans-1,2-Cyclohexanediol＋Butyl Acetate＋ Water Ternary System

Using a laser observation technique,the solubilities of trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol in butyl acetate＋wa- ter were measured at the temperature range from 298.15K to 323.15K by a synthetic method at atmospheric pres- sure.It is shown that the solubilities of trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol in butyl acetate＋water were affected greatly by the proportion of butyl acetate and water,and presented maximum value at given temperature.The UNIFAC model was used to correlate the experimental data.The average relative deviation（ARD）between experimental and calculated values is 3.03%.     

盐对水+丙酸+环乙醇三相体系在298.2，303.2和308.2 K下液液相平衡的影响

Effects of salt and temperature on the liquid phase equilibrium of the (water + propionic acid + cyclohexanol) system were investigated. The liquid-liquid equilibrium data in the presence of KCl for various salt ionic strength of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mol•dm3 and in absence of the salt at T (298.2, 303.2, and 308.2) K were determined. The experimental results were correlated based on the Othmer-Tobias equation and Pitzer ion-interaction model. Thermodynamic properties such as distribution coefficients and activity coefficients of propionic acid in water + cyclohexanol were determined. In addition, the separation factor, S, of the chosen solvent was obtained for the investigated system.     

Investigation of liquid–liquid equilibrium of the ternary system(water +1,6-diaminohexane + 2-methyl-1-propanol or 3-methyl-1-butanol) at different temperatures

In this study, the LLE data of ternary system (water+1,6-diaminohexane+2-methyl-1-propanol) and (water+1,6-diaminohexane+3-methyl-1-butanol) were measured at 293.15, 303.15 and 313.15 K under atmospheric pressure. Reliability of the experimental tie-line data was checked by empirical Hand, Othmer-Tobias and Bachman equations. Distribution coefficient (D) and selectivity (S) were calculated in order to investigate capability of the studied organic solvents for 1,6-diaminohexane extraction. The high values of separation factors demonstrated that 2-methyl-1-propanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were applicable for this purpose. The experimental data were correlated by nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) models. The percent-root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values for NRTL and UNIQUAC models were less than 0.15, which indicated that the experimental data have been sufficiently correlated.     

四元体系Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+ // SO42- - H2O 298.2 K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了298.2 K下四元体系Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Mg²⁺ // SO₄^2- - H₂O的相平衡关系,测定了该体系的溶解度、密度以及折射率,并绘制了相应的稳定相图、水图、密度-组成图和折射率-组成图。研究表明：298.2 K下,该四元体系为复杂四元体系,有复盐Cs₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O和Rb₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O以及固溶体[(Rb, Cs）₂SO₄]生成。其稳定相图由4个四元共饱点、9条单变量曲线以及6个结晶区组成。四元共饱点中E₁、E₂、E₃为相称共饱点,E₄为不相称共饱点。6个结晶相区分别对应3种单盐Rb₂SO₄、MgSO₄·7H₂O、Cs₂SO₄,2种复盐Cs₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O、Rb₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O和1种固溶体[(Rb,Cs）₂SO₄]。其中,复盐Rb₂SO₄·MgSO₄·6H₂O结晶区最大,表明其在该体系中最易结晶析出;Cs₂SO₄结晶区最小。平衡液相的密度和折射率随着溶液中Cs₂SO₄含量变化呈规律性变化。该体系稳定相图将为硫酸镁亚型盐湖卤水中的铷、铯等资源开发利用提供理论依据。     

Liquid-liquid equilibrium for the ternary systems of solvents+water+propionic acid at 25 ‡C and atmospheric pressure

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the ternary systems of toluene+water+propionic acid, o-xylene+water +propionic acid, methyl isobutyl ketone+water+propionic acid, ethyl acetate+water+propionic acid, and 1-butanol +water+propionic acid were measured at 25 ‡C and atmospheric pressure. The reliability of the experimental tie-line data was ascertained by means of the Othmer-Tobias, Bachman-Brown, and Hand correlations. For the extraction effectiveness of solvents, the distribution and selectivity curves were plotted. In addition, these experimental tie-line data were also correlated with NRTL and UNIQUAC models.     

三元体系NH4Cl+MgCl2+H2O 323.2 K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法开展了323.2 K时三元体系NH₄Cl+MgCl₂+H₂O的相平衡研究,测定了平衡固液相组成及密度,并绘制了该三元体系相图。研究发现：该体系323.2 K时有复盐NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O生成,相图包含2个共饱点（F₁、F₂）、3条单变量曲线（AF₁、F₁F₂、F₂B）、3个结晶区（NH₄Cl、MgCl₂·6H₂O、NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O）。对比该体系273.2、298.2、323.2 K时的相图可知：随着温度升高,NH₄Cl和MgCl₂·6H₂O结晶区变小,NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O结晶区变大,同时NH₄Cl·MgCl₂·6H₂O由不相称复盐转变为相称复盐,对应的不相称共饱点转变为相称共饱点。     

三元体系K +,Cs +//SO4 2——H2O 298.2 K稳定相平衡研究

采用等温溶解法开展了三元体系K ⁺,Cs ⁺//SO₄ ^2--H₂O 298.2 K稳定相平衡研究,测定了该体系溶解度、密度及折光率。结果表明,该三元体系在298.2 K下属于复杂体系,有固溶体（K,Cs）₂SO₄产生,且固溶体相区最大;其稳定相图包含3条单变量曲线、3个析出相区和2个共饱点;共饱点处对应的液相组成分别为w（K₂SO₄）=11.69%、w（Cs₂SO₄）=4.02%和w（K₂SO₄）=3.39%、w（Cs₂SO₄）=60.84%。平衡液相的密度和折光率随Cs₂SO₄含量的增大呈现递增的趋势。采用经验公式对平衡液相的折光率进行理论计算,计算值和实验值具有良好的一致性。     

288.15K-308.15K(Poloxamerl88+乙醇/丙酮+水)三元体系的密度和黏度

The densities and viscosities of ternary systems(Poloxamer 188+ethanol/acetone+water)were meas- ured at 288.15,293.15,298.15,303.15,308.15 K and atmospheric pressure for different mass fractions of Poloxamer 188(0 to 0.02)in aqueous solution and different solvent volume fractions of ethanol/acetone(0 to 0.3)in Poloxamer 188 aqueous solution.The densities were measured by a pycnometer,while the viscosities were measured using two Ubbelohde capillary viscometers.The correlations of density and viscosity of these ternary systems are obtained by fitting the experimental data at different temperatures,mass fractions and volume fractions.     

Vapour-liquid and vapour-liquid-liquid equilibria in ternary and quaternary systems of n-hexadecane,benzene, water and hydrogen,at elevated temperatures and pressures

Phase equilibria in the n-hexadecane-water-hydrogen and n-hexadecane-benzene-water-hydrogen systems were determined experimentally at temperatures between 200 and 350°C and pressures between 100 and 300 bar. At high water concentrations, three-phase equilibria were observed. Two-phase regions could be correlated with a modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state. The influence of interaction parameters on the calculated miscibility gaps was investigated. On application of mean interaction parameters, it is possible to calculate phase equilibria at different pressures or temperatures with the same set of parameters. In the ternary system, the three-phase regions could be calculated from the correlated binodal curves of two-phase regions. In the quaternary system, cross-sections through the vapour-liquid miscibility gap could be successfully correlated.     

Measurement and correlation of liquid-liquid equilibrium for the ternary system (water + 1,2-dichloroethane + sulfolane) at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K

Sulfolane is an important aprotic polar solvent. Liquid-liquid equilibrium(LLE) data for the ternary systems of water + 1,2-dichloroethane + sulfolane were measured at temperatures of 288.15, 298.15 and 308.15 K under the atmospheric pressure. The distribution coefficient and selectivity were determined from the measured LLE data, which showed that 1,2-dichloroethane is a suitable extractant for the recovery of sulfolane from its aqueous solution. The nonrandom two-liquid(NRTL) model and the uni...