预应力高性能混杂纤维增强布加固HPC梁的DNLC单元研究

对于不同混杂配比的预应力高性能混杂纤维增强(HFRP)布,建立高性能HFRP布加固高性能混凝土(HPC)梁的双重非线性分层组合(DNLC)单元模型。根据实体退化单元理论,采用初应力等参层单元对高性能HFRP布的体外预应力效应进行模拟,同时正确地考虑HPC梁的材料非线性效应以及结构的几何非线性,验证DNLC单元分析模型的正确性,并对HPC梁的开裂荷载、普通钢筋应力、高性能HFRP布应力重分布等进行研究。结合试验资料分析表明,预应力碳/玻璃纤维混杂(CFRP/GFRP)布加固HPC梁的理论结果与试验数据吻合程度良好,采用等参层单元有效地模拟高性能HFRP布的预应力作用,及所推导的DNLC单元正确性。预应力GFRP纤维布加固的开裂荷载等均较低,预应力CFRP纤维布加固的开裂荷载等有所提高,但剩余强度过大。HPC梁开裂荷载前预应力高性能HFRP布应力发展缓慢,屈服荷载后,其发展迅速直至结构失效。     

混杂CFRP/GFRP筋HPC梁的非线性梁壳组合单元研究

对于混杂CFRP/GFRP筋高性能混凝土（HPC）梁, 研究一种新的三维非线性梁壳组合单元, 对HPC梁进行了全过程分析。引入实体退化壳单元理论, 利用空间梁单元模拟预应力CFRP筋, 并根据CFRP筋单元节点线位移和转角位移的协调性, 推导CFRP筋单元对梁壳组合单元刚度矩阵的贡献, 同时对GFRP筋和HPC梁采用分层壳单元模拟。并运用Jiang屈服准则、 Madrid强化准则等描述混凝土的材料非线性, 提出一种新的非线性梁壳组合单元, 研制相应的三维非线性计算程序。计算结果与试验数据吻合良好, 说明本文构造的非线性梁壳组合单元的正确性和研制程序的可靠性, 以及混凝土材料非线性描述的合理性; 采用组合单元能准确模拟CFRP筋的几何构形, 能综合考虑其拉压弯剪性能, 利于全面地反映配筋对结构的增强作用。      

几何非线性高性能复合材料筋混凝土梁Heterosis组合壳单元

对于高性能碳纤维增强聚合物复合材料(CFRP)筋混凝土梁,研究几何非线性组合壳单元模型,对预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁进行了全过程分析。引入Von Karman理论,推导了局部坐标系下Piola2Kirchhoff 应力矩阵和几何刚度矩阵;分别采用组合壳单元和分层壳单元模拟预应力CFRP 筋和玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料(GFRP)筋,并推导了CFRP筋对组合壳单元刚度矩阵的贡献,同时采用Heterosis选择积分技术以避免剪切锁定和零能量模式,研制了相应的非线性计算程序。计算结果与试验数据对比可知,挠度发展规律和预应力CFRP筋应变发展规律均吻合良好,说明了研究单元的有效性及研制程序的正确性;CFRP筋具有高强度性能,梁试件破坏时CFRP筋均未失效;利用预应力CFRP筋应变重分布系数研究了梁的刚度退化规律,表明采用GFRP筋代替普通钢筋在加载后期会使梁的刚度退化减小。      

混杂纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验及理论研究

该文提出了碳/芳纶/玻璃三种纤维混杂思路,高强、高弹模碳纤维提高承载能力,高延伸率玻璃纤维改善延性,而芳纶纤维使应力从碳纤维向玻璃纤维平稳转移。通过对11根钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯试验,研究了不同混杂方式、混杂结构、纤维布层数对梁抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:如果应力转移不平稳,混杂纤维布将与混凝土发生局部剥离,导致混杂纤维布加固效果降低;在相同纤维布层数条件下,与单一碳纤维布加固梁相比,碳/芳纶/玻璃层间混杂纤维布加固梁的初裂、屈服、峰值和极限荷载分别降低了22%、12%、12%和16%,而位移延性系数提高了20%,表明碳/芳纶/玻璃层间混杂纤维布能够显著降低单一碳纤维布的脆性。在试验研究的基础上,采用弹塑性截面分析法计算了混杂纤维布加固梁的承载力,理论计算值与试验值吻合良好。     

纤维织物增强高延性混凝土加固受损RC梁受剪性能试验

为研究二次受力对纤维织物增强高延性混凝土(TRHDC)加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁受剪性能的影响,对8根TRHDC加固梁和1根对比梁进行了静载试验,分析了纤维织物层数、损伤程度及持载水平对梁破坏形态、荷载-挠度曲线、荷载-箍筋应变曲线及荷载-织物应变曲线的影响。试验结果表明：所有梁均发生了剪压破坏,仅一根梁出现剥离现象;TRHDC可有效限制斜裂缝的发展,延缓箍筋屈服和刚度退化;TRHDC加固显著地提高了梁的受剪承载力和变形能力,最高分别达67%和54%;加固效果未完全随纤维织物层数的增大而提高,与TRHDC面层利用率有关;原梁箍筋屈服之前,损伤程度对加固梁受剪性能的影响不明显,原梁箍筋屈服之后,加固梁受剪承载力随损伤程度的增大而降低;加固效果随持载水平的提高而降低;两层纤维织物的TRHDC可有效修复完全受损RC梁的受剪性能;建立了考虑二次受力的TRHDC加固RC梁受剪承载力的计算公式,且计算值与试验结果吻合较好。     

碳纤维布加固RC梁中粘结性能的非线性有限元分析

碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土(RC)梁中,碳纤维布与梁底混凝土的剥离破坏使碳纤维布的强度不能得到充分发挥。分析碳纤维布与梁底混凝土的粘结应力,是研究碳纤维布加固剥离破坏承载力的基础问题。根据4根碳纤维布加固RC梁的试验研究结果,采用商业有限元程序MSC.Marc建立有限元模型,进行了非线性计算分析。通过分离总粘结应力中的局部粘结应力,得到粘结延伸长度范围内的锚固粘结应力分布,并结合试验数据对其分布规律进行了研究。根据分析和试验结果,引入了“有效锚固粘结长度”和“锚固粘结应力”的概念,给出了极限荷载下锚固粘结应力的计算建议。     

CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能试验研究

通过10片普通钢筋混凝土(RC)梁及4片部分预应力混凝土(PPC)梁采用CFRP板抗剪加固的试验研究和非线性有限元分析,研究不同损伤程度、剪跨比、配箍率及预应力水平等因素对CFRP板加固RC&PPC梁抗剪性能的影响。结果表明:采用CFRP板对RC&PPC梁进行抗剪加固能够有效抑制斜裂缝的开展,提高加固梁斜截面抗剪承载能力,并改善梁的延性;RC梁损伤后加固,随着配箍率的增大以及剪跨比的减小,将提高加固RC梁的斜向开裂荷载、箍筋屈服荷载以及抗剪极限承载能力;随着预应力水平的提高,PPC加固梁的极限承载力增大,CFRP板抗剪加固效果比较显著;非线性有限元模型能够预测CFRP加固RC/PPC梁的抗剪性能,有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;在进行CFRP板抗剪加固设计时,应对CFRP板的强度进行有效折减。     

预应力CFRP布加固损伤RC梁的动力特性研究

从理论上推导了预张力与损伤RC梁固有频率之间的定量关系。同时进行了预应力CFRP布加固RC梁的动力特性试验,测定不同预张力条件下,完好梁与损伤梁的一阶频率值。而后利用ANSYS软件建立钢筋混凝土完好梁的有限元模型,根据损伤梁的动力测试结果,运用优化分析的方法得到损伤梁混凝土刚度折减系数;利用一阶频率的试验值对公式进行线性拟合,得到频率影响因素及损伤梁频率计算公式。最后将加固损伤梁一阶频率的理论值与试验值进行比较,发现在低预应力作用下,理论计算结果基本能反映出试验值随预张力变化的趋势,试验值与理论值吻合较好。     

HPFL加固受火RC梁二次受力正截面承载力研究

 高性能复合砂浆钢筋网(high performance ferrocement laminate, HPFL)作为一种新型的加固方式,具有防火、耐高温、施工简易等优点．为研究其加固受火钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete, RC）梁的性能,结合已有的对高性能复合砂浆钢筋网的试验研究和对受火后混凝土梁强度、弹性模量等性能的研究成果,采用ANSYS中的PLANE55单元对高温后RC梁截面的温度场进行模拟,并利用计算二台阶模型简化成等效T形截面,考虑未卸载完全下高性能复合砂浆钢筋网同原材料间的应力—应变滞后现象,计算初始荷载下待加固构件的滞后应变,在此基础上结合构件受力情况推导出高性能复合砂浆钢筋网加固受火RC梁二次受力下的正截面承载力计算公式,将计算结果同试验数据进行比较,并给出了工程实际算例．结果表明,理论值与试验值吻合较好,采用高性能复合砂浆钢筋网加固后能提高受火RC梁的承载力,可供有关混凝土结构加固设计参考．     

FRP布约束RC矩形空心桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为研究纤维增强复合材料(FRP)布约束钢筋混凝土(RC)矩形空心桥墩抗震性能,进行六个高宽比为4的矩形空心桥墩拟静力试验研究,分析FRP布约束矩形空心桥墩破坏形态、位移延性、耗能、最大水平承载力等抗震性能参数。试验结果表明：在轴压比0.2低轴压荷载作用下,采用FRP布加固可明显提高矩形空心桥墩的延性及耗能,位移延性系数及累计耗能分别提高65.4%,25.8%,但对最大承载力影响较小,仅提高3.0%。基于Clough退化双线性滞回模型,结合试验结果,建立考虑强度、刚度退化等FRP布约束RC矩形空心桥墩的简单滞回模型,给出其卸载刚度与再加载刚度的回归公式。     

Experimental and analytical investigation of reinforced high strength concrete continuous beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer

Carbon and glass fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP and GFRP) are two materials suitable for strengthening the reinforced concrete (RC) beams. Although many in situ RC beams are of continuous constructions, there has been very limited research on the behavior of such beams with externally applied FRP laminate. In addition, most design guidelines were developed for simply supported beams with external FRP laminates. This paper presents an experimental program conducted to study the flexural behavior and redistribution in moment of reinforced high strength concrete (RHSC) continuous beams strengthened with CFRP and GFRP sheets. Test results showed that with increasing the number of CFRP sheet layers, the ultimate strength increases, while the ductility, moment redistribution, and ultimate strain of CFRP sheet decrease. Also, by using the GFRP sheet in strengthening the continuous beam reduced loss in ductility and moment redistribution but it did not significantly increase ultimate strength of beam. The moment enhancement ratio of the strengthened continuous beams was significantly higher than the ultimate load enhancement ratio in the same beam. An analytical model for moment–curvature and load capacity are developed and used for the tested continuous beams in current and other similar studies. The stress–strain curves of concrete, steel and FRP were considered as integrity model. Stress–strain model of concrete is extended from Oztekin et al.’s model by modifying the ultimate strain. Also, new parameters of equivalent stress block are obtained for flexural calculation of RHSC beams. Good agreement between experiment and prediction values is achieved.     

Flexural behavior of a hybrid FRP and lightweight concrete sandwich bridge deck

This paper presents a new concept for a lightweight hybrid-FRP bridge deck. The sandwich construction consists of three layers: a fiber-reinforced polymer composite (FRP) sheet with T-upstands for the tensile skin, lightweight concrete (LC) for the core and a thin layer of ultra high performance reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) as a compression skin. Mechanical tests on eight hybrid beams were performed with two types of LC and two types of FRP/LC interface: unbonded (only mechanical interlocking of LC between T-upstands) and bonded with an epoxy adhesive. The ultimate loads of the beams increased by 104% on average due to bonding. However, the beam failure mode changed from ductile to brittle. The beams using a LC of 44% higher density exhibited an 81% increase in the ultimate load. The manufacturing of the beams proved to be economic in that epoxy and concrete layers were rapidly and easily applied wet-in-wet without intermediate curing times. The experimental results showed positive results regarding the feasibility of the suggested hybrid bridge deck.     

Nonlinear numerical modelling of FRP reinforced glued laminated timber

Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are effective in the flexural stiffening and strengthening of structural members. Such systems can be optimised if accurate numerical models are developed. At present, limited information is available in the literature on numerical models that can predict with good accuracy the nonlinear behaviour of FRP reinforced low-grade glued laminated timber beams. This paper discusses the development of a finite element model, which incorporates nonlinear material modelling and nonlinear geometry to predict the load–deflection behaviour, stiffness, ultimate moment capacity and strain distribution of FRP plate reinforced glued laminated timber beams manufactured from mechanically stress graded spruce. Beams with and without sacrificial laminations are modelled and their performance is compared to unreinforced glued laminated timber beams. The model employed anisotropic plasticity theory for the timber in compression. The failure model used was the maximum stress criterion. Strong agreement was obtained between the predicted behaviour and the associated experimental findings. It was deduced from comparing the results from the numerical model with experimental findings that the FRP plate succeeds in increasing the performance of the adjacent timber significantly. The model is a useful tool for examination of the effect of reinforcement percentage and will be used for optimisation of the hybrid beam.     

Rotation capacity and stress redistribution ability of R-UHPFRC–RC composite continuous beams: an experimental investigation

The results of tests on two continuous composite beams combining a reinforced concrete (RC) beam with a layer of reinforced ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (R-UHPFRC) are presented. The R-UHPFRC element acts both as a tensile membrane and a flexural element. The tests show the element’s contribution to the member capacity by allowing the redistribution of the internal forces. The continuous beams are placed on two intermediate supports; the shear span-depth ratios and stirrup content are chosen to provoke two successive formations of local flexure-shear collapse mechanisms, forming a plastic hinge at each support. With the formation of the first support hinge, the stresses redistribute. As the applied actuator displacement increases, the member continues to resist the increasing force up to the formation of a second support hinge that causes the member to collapse. The member deflection and resistance at collapse were respectively 4.5 and 1.3 times greater than the corresponding values at the formation of the first hinge. The response demonstrates the redundancy in RC beams with additional R-UHPFRC reinforcement, which can be used for designing structures against progressive collapse.     

Comparative study of plasticity models for concrete material by using different criteria including Hsieh–Ting–Chen criterion

The purpose of this study is to investigate nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with the plasticity modeling. For this aim a nonlinear finite element analysis program is coded in MATLAB. This program contains several yield criteria and stress–strain relationship for compression and tension behavior of concrete. In this paper, the well-known criteria, Drucker-Prager, von Mises, and a new criterion, Hsieh–Ting–Chen, are taken into account. The elastic–perfectly plastic and Park–Paulay stress–strain relationships in compression behavior and tension stiffening in tension behavior of concrete are used with four different yield criteria mentioned above. It is concluded that the proposed models are in good agreement with the experimental and analytical results taken from the literature. It is also concluded that the coded program, the proposed models, and Hsieh–Ting–Chen criterion can be effectively used in the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beams.     

钢-混凝土组合梁界面滑移剪切变形的双重效应分析

组合梁界面滑移将减小组合梁刚度,增大变形,影响构件性能。同时组合梁往往重载,具有较小的跨高比,剪切变形不可忽略。根据最小势能原理和变分法,建立了同时考虑滑移效应和剪切变形双重作用的挠度滑移控制微分方程,分析了滑移引起挠度增大的原因,求得了集中荷载和均布荷载作用下的挠度和滑移的解析表达式。该方法物理意义明确,推导过程简单,计算结果与实测结果吻合良好。推导了不同荷载作用下的滑移效应附加弯矩,利用附加弯矩表达公式,可直接利用结构力学挠度计算公式计算滑移对挠度的影响。     

Repair of shear-deficient normal weight concrete beams damaged by thermal shock using advanced composite materials

The use of advanced composite materials such as Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) in repairing and strengthening reinforced concrete structural elements has been increased in the last two decades. Repairing and strengthening damage structures is a relatively new technique. The aims of this study was to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) to regain shear capacity of shear-deficient normal weight high strength RC beams after being damaged by thermal shock. Sixteen high strength normal weight RC beams (100 × 150 × 1400 mm) were cast, heated at 500 °C for 2 h and then cooled rapidly by immersion in water, repaired, and then tested under four-point loading until failure. The composite materials used are carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates and sheets. The experimental results indicated that upon heating then cooling rapidly, the reinforced concrete (RC) beams exhibited extensive map cracking without spalling. Load carrying capacity and stiffness of RC beams decreased about 68% and 64%, respectively, as compared with reference beams. Repairing the thermal damaged RC beams allowed recovering the original load carrying without achieving the original stiffness. Repaired beams with CFRP plates with 90° and 45° regained from 90% to 99% of the original load capacity with a corresponding stiffness from 79% to 95%, whereas those repaired with CFRP sheet on the web sides and a combination of CFRP plates and sheet regained from 102% to 107% of the original load capacity with a corresponding stiffness from 81% to 93%, respectively. Finally, finite element analysis model is developed and validated with the experimental results. The finite element analysis showed good agreement as compared with the experimental results in terms of load–deflection and load–CFRP strain curves.     

Experimental investigations and verification of debonding strain of RHSC continuous beams strengthened in flexure with externally bonded FRPs

Although many in-situ RC beams are of continuous constructions, there has been very little research on the behavior of such beams with external reinforcement. This article presents an experimental program conducted to study the flexural behavior and redistribution of moment of reinforced high strength concrete (RHSC) continuous beams strengthened with carbon and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP and GFRP) sheets. The program consists of six RHSC continuous (two-span) beams with overall dimensions equal to 250 × 150 × 6000 mm. One beam was not strengthened and was tested as a control beam. Five beams were strengthened with CFRP and GFRP in flexure along their sagging and hogging regions. The main parameters including type of FRP (GFRP or CFRP), the different ratios of CFRP sheet and effectiveness of end anchorage. The test results showed that the use of GFRP sheet in strengthening of continuous beam reduced loss in ductility and moment redistribution but it did not significantly increase the ultimate strength of them. The use of end anchorage in strengthened continuous beams increased the ultimate strength and moment redistribution. The moment enhancement ratio of the strengthened continuous beams was significantly higher than the ultimate load enhancement ratio in the same beam. Also existing international codes and model such as ACI, fib, JSCE, Teng and Toutanji for prediction of IC debonding strain or stress of strengthened continuous beams are verified. Verifications were carried out based on the test results in this research and the published literature on RC continuous beams strengthened with FRP.