丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物吸水树脂的制备

采用溶液聚合法,以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,N,N’-亚甲双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,制备了丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物吸水树脂,探讨了单体配比(mAA/mAM)、交联剂和引发剂用量对树脂吸水率的影响。结果表明:在65℃时,丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物吸水树脂的最佳制备条件为:丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺质量比为4:1,交联剂和引发剂用量分别为聚合单体(丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺)总质量的0.02%和0.4%。     

超吸水性接枝共聚淀粉篚制备工艺研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,丙烯酸为接枝单体,K2S2O8-Na2S2O3为引发剂,制备了丙烯酸接枝淀粉超强吸水剂。通过正交实验优化了接枝工艺,并以吸水倍率为指标,确定了最佳工艺条件：淀粉与丙烯酸质量比1：4,引发剂用量为淀粉质量的3．5％,交联剂用量为淀粉质量的0．8％,接枝温度为35℃,接枝时间为2h。在此条件下合成的丙烯酸接枝淀粉超强吸水剂对纯水的吸水倍率可达368％。     

木糖醇交联的聚丙烯酸钠类高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

以木糖醇为交联剂、过硫酸铵引发丙烯酸溶液聚合合成聚丙烯酸钠超强吸水剂,丙烯酸40%、中和度75%、过硫酸铵0.5%、木糖醇6%,70℃反应得到的产物吸水(蒸馏水)率1334mL/g,吸盐水(生理盐水)率110mL/g。探讨了产物的吸水动力学、保水性、热稳定性及盐溶液离子强度对产物吸液性能的影响。     

甘露醇交联的聚丙烯酸钠类高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

以多元醇甘露醇为交联剂、丙烯酸为单体、过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用溶液聚合法合成聚丙烯酸钠超强吸水剂.实验结果表明：单体浓度（单体在水中的质量百分比）为40%,中和度为75%,引发剂和交联剂用量分别占单体质量的0.5%和6%,反应温度为70℃时得到的产物吸水（蒸馏水）性1750 mL/g,吸盐水（生理盐水）性130 mL/g,探讨了产物的吸水动力学、保水率及热稳定性,并研究了不同pH值溶液、不同离子强度的盐溶液对产物吸液性能的影响.     

超吸水性接枝共聚淀粉的制备工艺研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,丙烯酸为接枝单体,K_2S_2O_8-Na_2S_2O_3为引发剂,制备了丙烯酸接枝淀粉超强吸水剂。通过正交实验优化了接枝工艺,并以吸水倍率为指标,确定了最佳工艺条件:淀粉与丙烯酸质量比1:4,引发剂用量为淀粉质量的3.5%,交联剂用量为淀粉质量的0.8%,接枝温度为35℃,接枝时间为2h。在此条件下合成的丙烯酸接枝淀粉超强吸水剂对纯水的吸水倍率可达368%。     

魔芋粉接枝丙烯酸超强吸水剂合成工艺优化

采用均匀设计法,对魔芋粉接枝丙烯酸超强吸水剂合成工艺进行优化。最佳合成工艺条件是：单体量（单体,魔芋粉）10．9、引发剂量（引发剂／魔芋粉）5．08％、反应温度66．2℃、单体中和度78．7％、交联剂量（交联剂／魔芋粉）1．43％、反应时间2．51h。产物吸水率为685．3g/g,吸盐水率306．5g／g（自来水）。     

超临界CO_2中丙烯酸与乙烯基吡咯烷酮的共聚研究

研究了65℃,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,不同反应压力和引发剂浓度等条件下,超临界CO2中丙烯酸与乙烯基吡咯烷酮的共聚,旨在为聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的制备提供一种新型的简便的方法。用红外光谱(IR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和元素分析法对产物的结构及形态进行了表征。结果表明,共聚产物为白色固体粉末,产物相对分子质量10万～20万。用超临界CO2可对产物进行纯化,4次后单体残余率为0 26%。改变引发剂用量可以得到不同相对分子质量的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮化合物。     

魔芋超强吸水剂的合成及吸液性能研究

以过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N＇-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合法,合成了魔芋粉-丙烯酸（钠）-丙烯酰胺超强吸水剂。采用均匀试验设计法对该合成工艺进行优化,最佳工艺条件为单体总用量（单体/魔芋粉）8.79 g·g-1、引发剂量（引发剂/魔芋粉）4.50%、反应温度66.7℃、交联剂量（交联剂/魔芋粉）1.42%、反应时间2.55 h、丙烯酸中和度81.74%、单体比例51.7%。产物吸水率为751.3 g·g-1,吸盐水率为128.6 g·g-1。     

高吸水性丙烯酸树脂的制备及性能研究

采用丙烯酸为单体，以过硫酸钾为引发剂， N，N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，通过水溶液聚合法制备高吸水性树脂。分别讨论了交联剂、引发剂、中和度、单体浓度对吸水（盐）率的影响，用红外光谱表征了样品，确定了最佳方案。结果表明： N，N＆#39;-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和K2 S2 O4用量分别为AA的0.04％和4％，产品在去离子水及0.9％NaCl中的吸水倍率分别可达到1132倍和105倍。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取姜黄素的工艺研究

研究了超临界二氧化碳萃取植物姜黄中姜黄素的工艺条件，研究了原料粒度、奉取压力、萃取温度及夹带剂使用情况对姜黄素提取率的影响。通过研究，我们得出超临界二氧化碳萃取姜黄素的最佳提取工艺条件：原料粒度1mm，萃取压力28MPa，萃取温度45℃，夹带剂使用量3000ml。实验结果表明：利用超临界二氧化碳可以有效地从姜黄中提取姜黄素，提取率在98％以上，并成功地进行了工业化生产。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.