基于流媒体的移动视频直播系统的设计与实现

视频直播是最能体现媒体信息实时传播的媒体形态,介绍了一个利用3G/4G手机进行视频拍摄和传输的移动直播系统。分析了当今移动直播系统的发展趋势,介绍了如何设计并实现一个基于流媒体技术的移动视频直播系统。实际测试结果表明,用户可以随时随地地利用3G/4G的iPhone手机进行直播,观众可以在远程PC端利用VLC播放器进行观看,提高直播系统的便捷性。     

基于Darwin的多平台多用户直播、点播系统设计

针对当前多平台多用户播放手机客户端直播、录像视频的需求,提出了一种手机移动客户端主动推送视频流到Darwin服务器直播、转播及录制供多平台多用户播放的解决方案。利用开源的流媒体服务器Darwin结合开源库mp4v2实现将手机客户端上传的视频流实时转发和录制;PC平台客户端由开源RTSP架构live555结合开源编解码库ffmpeg实现视频直播、点播播放。Web平台客户端由Html5技术实现视频点播,由插件实现直播。实验结果表明,该方案在现有的3G网络上具有较高的实时性和稳定性,视频具有较好的质量,能满足多平台多用户视频直播、点播播放的要求。     

基于oRTP库的无线语音视频直播系统的设计

随着3G和4G网络的全面覆盖,通信网络的带宽大大增加,另外,智能终端(Android,iPhone等)快速普及,使得无线语音视频直播的广泛应用成为可能。设计了一种基于开源oRTP库的无线语音视频直播系统。给出了系统的总体结构,在描述了iOS系统实现语音和视频采集的方法后,重点介绍了基于oRTP库的语音和视频传输部分的设计思路和程序实现,并给出了关键部分的实现代码,简要介绍了客户端如何实现直播语音和视频。通过测试,手机端处于WiFi和3G环境下,该系统具有较好的QoS性能,和良好的可靠性。实验证明,无线语音直播应用已具备应用和推广的初步条件。     

低成本Flash Media Server视频直播架构方案

本文描述了网络视频发展的当前背景,阐述了Flash Media Server技术在网络视频中的应用,对传统网络视频直播架构进行了分析,并提出了低成本网络视频直播架构方案。     

众包直播中精彩片段的自动化识别

近年来,基于众包的视频直播平台逐渐兴起,以其丰富的观众-主播交互机制吸引广大用户观看.针对直播平台的分析也随之成为流媒体服务领域的一个研究热点.直播过程中精彩片段的自动提取对于标签生成、视频分类和内容推荐等方面而言至关重要,然而现有的精彩片段检测大多围绕音频、视频数据本身展开,如视频语义分析、音频情感感知等,缺乏对用户交互属性的合理利用.本文以斗鱼直播平台为例,通过分析观众的发弹幕与送礼物行为,提出了基于直播间弹幕数量时间序列和礼物价值时间序列的精彩片段自动化检测方法.首先利用z-score方法检测序列高潮,然后对高潮做样本标注和特征构建,最后采用随机森林对序列高潮分类并识别内容高潮,即精彩片段.结果表明,模型能够以较高的准确率完成精彩片段的自动化识别任务.     

高效命名数据网卫星视频直播方法

视频直播实时性强,应用广泛,是视频服务中的一种特殊应用。基于命名数据网络(named data networking,NDN)而非传统端到端的TCP/IP体系结构提供网络视频直播,并通过卫星广播进行内容分发,可以以相对较低的通信开销提供大范围高质量服务。然而,由于卫星链路传播延迟较高,基于NDN的卫星广播视频直播应用在内容分发过程中会出现冗余数据传输(redundant data transmission,RDT)现象。RDT将造成卫星链路通信计算资源的浪费,影响应用效率。为了解决该问题,进一步提升应用效率,在NDN的基础上进行改进,提出了容迟未决信息表(delay pending interest table,DPIT)。实验结果表明,DPIT可以有效降低RDT问题造成的影响,提升基于NDN组网卫星的广播视频直播应用效率。     

网络直播系统

视频直播、屏幕直播等网络直播技术是实现远程教育的关键技术.笔者结合开发与应用实践,介绍了基于Microsoft Windows Media Service的视频直播、屏幕直播及节目录制系统的实现原理和方法.系统采用推传递传输数据.     

在Cache系统实现主流互联网直播服务

目前互联网直播采集端采用RTMP协议推流,服务端主流采用RTMP、HLS、HTTP-FLV 3种传输技术,其中又以HTrP-FLV为主占据70％以上的直播平台.系统性介绍了针对HTTP-FLV的视频传输协议,设计和实现了直播业务的缓存分发服务.     

基于Flex、Red5和MongoDB的视频直播、录制及存储系统设计

为改善以往网络视频直播或点播过程中播放不流畅的情况和寻找大量视频数据的存储策略,提出了一种实时的视频直播、录制及存储系统的整体设计方案。利用开源的流媒体服务器Red5结合富互联网技术Flex实现直播和录制;通过开源NoSQL数据库MongoDB将录制的视频数据进行存储。实际测试结果表明,该平台能满足系统在多用户访问和数据存储方面的要求。     

面向嵌入式机顶盒终端的P2P网络电视直播系统的设计与实现

针对当前IPTV直播应用中,集中服务模式对服务器性能和网络设施要求较高、可扩展性较差的问题,提出了一种基于P2P(点对点)技术的直播系统Clear Live。与现有的P2P视频系统只针对PC终端的情况不同,该系统主要面向IPTV应用,面向嵌入式机顶盒终端,并兼容PC终端。Clear Live针对机顶盒终端的特点和IPTV应用的环境做了适当的和针对性的设计。实际系统测试结果表明,Clear Live系统能在较低的硬件配置下为大量用户提供高质量的直播服务。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).