茶叶质铁对活性艳红K-2BP染料和活性嫩黄K-6G染料的吸附性能研究

用改性茶叶与Fe3＋反应,制得吸附材料茶叶质铁,用此吸附剂吸附水溶液中的活性艳红K-2BP染料和活性嫩黄K-6G染料,对吸附pH值、温度和时间等工艺条件和吸附动力学进行了研究.结果表明：茶叶质铁对2种染料的吸附最佳pH值都小于1,平衡吸附量随着温度的升高先增大后减小,茶叶质铁对结构式中含酚羟基的活性艳红K-2BP染料饱和吸附量大;动力学吸附速率方程表明茶叶质铁对2种染料的吸附反应符合一级反应.     

改性膨润土对有机染料脱色性能研究

通过不同改性膨润土对活性艳蓝X／BR、活性艳橙X／GN和直接耐晒蓝B2RL三种染料吸附脱色效果的研究,表明不同改性膨润土对上述三种染料处理效果差异较大,同时处理效果跟pH值和染料本身性质的关系大。对一种改性土进行优化筛选后,选取其中一改性土研究其吸附脱色效果与pH值及投加量的关系。对实际染色废水的处理表明该改性土对蓝色和紫红色废水都有较好的处理效果。     

软锰矿协同电解活性染料模拟废水的机理研究

染料废水是一类高色度、高COD的废水,对环境的危害很大,一直是公认的难处理的废水之一。作者以添加软锰矿粉于活性嫩黄K-4G模拟废水中再进行电解,研究水样色度和COD(Cr)降低率的各种影响因素及其电化学机理。结果显示,适宜的处理条件为:粒度<0.1mm的软锰矿粉6g/L,pH≤7,浓度150～1200mg/L,电流密度1～3mA/cm2,电解时间≤30min;脱色率和COD(Cr)降低率分别为77%和16%;该过程使K-4G分子内生色基团氧化和弱键断裂,可能生成苯磺酸钠等高水溶性物质。     

活性钙质吸附材料制备及应用

利用价廉易得的钙质矿物原料经活化处理制备一种新型高效可循环利用吸附材料.研究了影响化学活性的主要因素、吸附性能及可循环利用技术.用于降解含偶氮结构染料的工业废水,该吸附材料具有理想的降解脱色和降低COD效果.结果表明,处理含偶氮结构的酸性品红染料废水,当初始pH值为7、初始浓度10mg/L、吸附剂用量10g/L、原水COD 103.5mg/L时、吸附反应5min后色度去除率为99.33%,COD除去率为85%.探讨了钙质活性吸附材料降解脱色不同结构染料废水吸附行为和机理.     

高铁酸盐降解偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ的研究

为研究高铁酸盐对废水的处理效果,以试验的方式研究了高效净水剂高铁酸盐对偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ的脱色效果,考察了紫外光照射、高铁酸钠浓度、pH值、添加剂对脱色效果的影响.结果表明,在原水样浓度为50 mg/L,高铁酸盐含量10 mg/L,NaHCO3浓度0.01 mol/L,在中性条件下处理30 min,脱色率可以达到94%左右.紫外光照射能有效提高染料的脱色速率;相同条件下脱色率可达97%以上,表明紫外光和高铁酸盐联合使用对染料的降解速率大大提高,产生了明显的协同作用.     

废电池中回收的锰氧化物对印染废水脱色研究

以废干电池中提取的锰氧化物(PDM)为处理剂,进行罗丹明B与甲基橙模拟印染废水的脱色研究,并与粉末活性炭进行比较.结果表明:初始pH是影响PDM脱色效率的主导因素;较低的pH和适当的接触时间可提高PDM的脱色率.强酸性条件下(pH=1 2)PDM的吸附容量远大于PAC,脱色后模拟废水的紫外-可见吸收曲线吸收峰发生蓝移,表明PDM的脱色是氧化与吸附的综合作用,而PAC与染料的作用是物理吸附.较大的吸附容量(pH=1 2时,罗丹明B:约0 6mg/L;甲基橙:约1 6mg/L和较短的平衡时间(<15min)表明PDM有应用前景.     

多维电极法处理高色度活性嫩黄模拟废水的研究

为了研究多维电极法对染料废水的处理效果,以活性嫩黄K-4G模拟废水为处理对象,采用多维电极法,分别在不同活性炭用量、电流密度、电解时间、电导率条件下进行电解实验,考察了各种因素对多维电极系统处理活性染料时的脱色率、COD(Cr)降解率的影响,结果表明,增多活性炭量、增大电流密度、延长电解时间都能使脱色率和COD(Cr)降解率得到提高,电导率的变化对脱色率和COD(Cr)降解率有一定影响。并初步研究了模拟废水的色度和COD(Cr)降解过程的宏观动力学,研究结果表明COD(Cr)降解反应近似为零级反应,反应速率常数为1.2028mg·L-1·min-1;脱色反应近似为一级反应,反应速率常数为0.00931min-1。     

粉煤灰去除水中活性紫KN-B

以稀盐酸对燃煤电厂粉煤灰进行活化，实验了粉煤灰和活化粉煤灰对水中染料活性紫KN B的吸附脱色效果．实验结果表明：粉煤灰经活化后对染料的吸附能力明显增强．活化粉煤灰对染料活性紫KN B具有明显的脱色效果．在足量投加量下，废水脱色率可达99%以上；最佳pH值范围为2～8，最佳反应时间为15?min．粉煤灰和活化粉煤灰对水中活性紫KN B的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程．活化粉煤灰用于实际印染工业废水处理，脱色率和COD去除率同样较高     

复合萃取剂脱除废水中的活性红K-7B染料

为了实现印染废水部分脱色,为后续生化处理提供有利条件,研究构建了三辛胺(TOA)-二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(P204)-磺化煤油(SK)复合萃取剂萃取废水中活性红K-7B染料,考察了萃取时间、水油比、p H和洗脱剂等对脱色效果的影响.结果表明:在TOA、P204和SK的体积比为18∶12∶70、水油比为5∶1、活性红K-7B染料初始质量浓度为1 g/L、p H值为3,萃取时间10 min和室温等条件下,该复合萃取剂对活性红K-7B染料的萃取率(脱色率)达到87.6%的同时,获得了较高的染料溶质分配比32.5;以15%Na OH作为洗脱剂,可实现复合萃取剂的洗脱,其回收率为94.3%.     

催化剂CG/双氧水类芬顿体系在酸性大红GR模拟染料废水脱色中的应用

以自制生物高分子金属配合物CG为催化剂,与H2 O2共同构建类芬顿催化体系,对酸性大红GR模拟染料废水脱色处理.结果表明,对于0.1g/L的酸性大红GR模拟染料废水,最佳脱色工艺条件为:催化剂CG用量为0.5g/L,30％H2 O2用量6mL/L,脱色温度为50℃,脱色时间为25min;该体系在较宽的pH范围内对酸性大红GR模拟染料废水均有良好的脱色效果;废液中盐的存在能够提高该催化体系对染料废水的脱色速率,降低脱色温度,缩短脱色时间.     

Experimental Study of Wastewater Treatment of Reactive Dye by Phys-Chemistry Method

Wastewater, which involves easy-soluble reactive dyes, especially non-degradable dyes, is very difficult to decolor efficiently by normal processes such as coagulation process and biological treatment. The high chromaticity seriously hinders the reuse of reactive dye waste water. In this paper, a new method by bentonite adsorption and coagulation （PAC） is employed for removing color from synthetic dye waste water which contains reactive red K-2G, K-RN blue, K-GR blue, X-3B red, K-GN orange, KB-3G yellow, K-2BP red, K-RN yellow and K-6G yellow. Bentonite pretreated by 4% CTMAB and milled to 160 order screen is proven to the best decoloring agent. For a 100 mL reactive red K-2G sample （CODcr 400 mg/L, 25 000 chromaticity color）, 0.5 g bentonite pretreated and 2.5 mL PAC is enough to decolor wastewater up to 99.92% and the sediment time is short. Non-degradable dyes such as active red X-3B and K-GN orange are declored completely as well. Raw sewage （low chromaticity color） is decolored completely at a bentonite dosage of 0.00 1g. More researches prove the high practical value of this process.     

Zr掺杂介孔硅对亚甲基蓝的选择性吸附性能

Mesoporous silica with worm-like channels was synthesized using hydroxyethyl cellulose as template and sodium metasilicate as silicon source. Adsorbents with different Zr content were prepared by direct synthesis method （named as Zr-HECMS-D）and post-grafting method （named as Zr-HECMS-P）respectively. Selective adsorption performance of each adsorbent for methylene blue in methylene blue/methyl orange mixed solution was evaluated. The results show that the optimum pH value of the adsorption process is 10.Under acidic conditions,Zr-HECMS-D with Zr/Si molar ratio of 0.02 and Zr-HECMS-P with Zr/Si molar ratio of 0.01 have the best selective adsorption performances, and the methylene blue removal efficiency is proportional to the proportion of O in Zr-O-Si on the surface of adsorbents as well. The metal doping amount has little effect on the selectivity under alkaline conditions. The adsorption process is conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption equilibrium is conformed to the Langmuir adsorption model.
     

二氧化锰催化二氧化氯氧化酸性铬蓝K模拟废水

以活性炭为载体,采用浸渍法制备了活性炭-MnO2催化剂,并将其应用于催化氧化降解酸性铬蓝K模拟废水。对于COD为2418mg/L的原废水,在最佳pH值为1.2,经1200mg/L二氧化氯和4g活性炭-MnO2催化剂催化氧化50min后,COD去除率和脱色率分别为72.0%和87.8%。并且对水样COD去除率,催化氧化法比化学氧化法提高了42.6%,所制备的催化剂循环使用8次后,以COD去除率权衡催化剂的活性,催化剂活性仅降低10.5%。经红外光谱分析,催化剂有效成份二氧化锰与活性炭载体之间是以化学键相连,不是简单的机械混合。在线红外光谱机理分析表明酸性铬蓝K经化学氧化或催化氧化后,分子中苯环和萘环被氧化降解为醌和羧酸,并进一步降解为二氧化碳和水。     

A new extraction process of refractory gold arsenosulfide concentrates

A new hydrometallurgical process for the refractory gold arsenosulfide concentrates under normal temperature and pressure was presented. The experimental results of a refractory gold concentrate show that the total consumption of NaOH in alkaline leaching is only 40% of those theoretically calculated under the conditions of full oxidization at the same oxidation of arsenic to ar-senate and sulfur to sulfate. After alkaline leaching, cyanidation and adsorption were carried out for 24 h. The dissolution of gold by NaCN is increased to 95.3% from 12.8% before pretreatment, and meanwhile 99.3% of the adsorption of gold by activated charcoal. The consumption of NaCN for one ton ore is 10 kg, which is 1.2 times less than that before pretreatment. As it is carried out under normal temperature and pressure, the investment of installations is also decreased.     

多氨基多醚基甲叉膦酸土柱淋洗修复镉污染土壤

采用土柱淋洗的方法,研究有机膦酸PAPEMP淋洗去除重金属镉的适宜条件,分别研究了PAPEMP不同土液比、淋洗时间和淋洗次数对土壤中重金属镉的去除效果。结果表明,以质量分数为7%PAPEMP溶液为淋洗剂,土液比为1∶4,淋洗时间为240min的条件下,1次淋洗时土壤中镉的去除率最高。PAPEMP可以应用于淋洗修复镉污染土壤。     

Enhanced adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by persimmon tannin-activated carbon composites

The modification of activated carbon with persimmon tannin and its application for the removal of Pb(II) ions were carried out by batch method. The effects of solution pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration on the immobilization of persimmon tannin were studied. The experimental results showed that the experimental data of persimmon tannin and Pb(II) fitted better by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second order model. The adsorption capacities of adsorbents for persimmon tannin and Pb(II) were calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model, and found to be 42.97 and 12.40 mg/g at optimum pH, respectively. It was noted that the adsorbent exhibited the best adsorption property for Pb(II) when 1.0 g activated carbon was modified by 17.32 mg persimmon tannin. The modified activated carbon is more effective than the plain activated carbon, and it is expected to be an economic and effective adsorbent for the disposal of wastewater containing Pb(II) ions.     

酸浸法去除石英粉中铁杂质

研究酸浸条件对去除脉石英粉中铁杂质的影响。结果表明：酸浸条件对石英粉除铁效果影响显著,最佳酸浸条件为酸液含（质量分数）18%盐酸和2%氢氟酸;酸液与石英粉的液固质量比3：1;酸液温度50℃;酸浸时间8h;石英粉粒径28-37μm。经酸浸处理的石英粉铁质量比由原来的122μg/g下降到7.5μg/g,达到高纯石英中铁含量的标准。     

高锰酸钾吸收气态汞的传质-反应研究

为了考查氧化剂高锰酸钾吸收气体态元素汞Hg0的行为,在鼓泡反应器中,通过改变各种影响因素,采用冷原子吸收（CVAA）测汞仪测定了反应器进口和出口的气态汞浓度.系统地研究了高锰酸钾初始浓度、pH值、汞初始度和反应温度等主要参数对气态汞去除效率的影响,并分析了KMnO4氧化Hg0的反应热力学和传质-反应动力学问题.研究结果表明,高猛酸钾初始浓度的增加、强酸或强碱条件均有利于Hg0的去除,H2SO4的存在促进了Hg0在MnO2上的吸附,而强碱水溶液中产生的OH间接氧经了Hg0;反应温度的升高抑止了Hg0的去除,而Hg0初始质量浓度对反应的影响可忽略;KMnO4氧化Hg0的反应为二级反应,活化能为27.22 kJ/mol.     

磁性活性炭的制备及其吸附性能

为改善粉末活性炭的可分离性,采用化学共沉淀法制备新型磁性活性炭,以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物配制染料废水,对粉末态磁性活性炭对目标污染物的处理效能进行探讨,并与粉末活性炭处理效果进行对比,考察p H、接触时间以及污染物质量浓度对其处理效能的影响.结果表明:合成的粉末态磁性活性炭吸附能力高于粉末活性炭,p H为影响其处理效能的关键因素,偏碱性的p H和适宜的接触时间有利于污染物的去除.当亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、磁性活性炭投量为0.4 g/L、p H为9、反应时间为300 min时,亚甲基蓝的去除率达98.9%.亚甲基蓝在磁性活性炭上的吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Elovich动力学模型,热力学分析表明,该吸附过程为自发进行的单分子层吸热反应,且以化学吸附为主.该磁性活性炭具有很好的分离性能,在自然重力沉降条件下10 min内沉淀完全,而在外强磁场作用下30 s内可实现快速分离.