铀表面Al/Ti复合镀层热应力的有限元分析

对铀表面Al/Ti复合镀层的热应力进行了热弹塑性有限元分析,表明Ti镀层内为压应力,Al镀层内为拉应力,并达到铝的屈服强度,靠近试样侧边,存在边缘效应引起的应力分布不均匀性,离试样侧边2倍镀层厚度处,不均匀性逐渐消失,试样侧边U-Al界面剪切应力大于中部区域.对沉积温度、镀层厚度及镀层力学性能对镀层热应力和塑性应变的研究表明,随着沉积温度升高,镀层内热应力和塑性应变明显增大,减薄Al镀层和增厚Ti镀层可降低镀层内热应力和塑性应变,Al镀层屈服强度及Ti镀层弹性模量对镀层热应力和塑性应变有重要影响.     

铀表面离子镀铝层在含HCl气氛中的腐蚀行为

研究了在室温－100℃范围内，含2％HCl的氩气氛中温度对铀表面离子镀铝层腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明，随温度升高，铝镀层抗HCl腐蚀能力下降；与金属铝相比，铝镀层钝化能力增强，抗HCl腐蚀能力优于金属铝和铀，主要表现为氧化腐蚀和氯化腐蚀；同时，与金属铝相似，HCl气体加剧了残余气氛对铝镀层的氧化腐蚀。     

Al2O3-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti扩散焊接头应力分布

用有限元方法计算了Al2O3-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti扩散焊接头的应力分布,研究了加热温度、压力和中间层对应力分布的影响.结果表明,残余轴向应力和剪切应力在试样边缘处梯度都较大,靠近中心轴,应力分布比较均匀,最大剪切应力出现在A12O3-TiC/中间层界面处.在扩散焊冷却过程中,Al2O3-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti扩散焊接头最大轴向拉应力先是出现在边缘陶瓷侧,随着温度的降低,逐渐向试样中心靠近,应力值也逐渐增大.加热温度越低,轴向压应力越大.压力越大,最大轴向拉应力越小,压应力越大,但压力对剪切应力的影响较小.使用Ti-Cu-Ti复合中间层比使用Ti中间层可降低最大轴向压应力和最大剪切应力.     

Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的腐蚀、冲刷腐蚀和磨损行为

采用质量损失法系统研究了65Mn板材和W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢钻头表面的Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的腐蚀、冲蚀和磨损行为。用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)进行形貌观察和成分分析。结果表明,Ni-P-Al2O3镀层的腐蚀和冲蚀性能优于316L不锈钢,镀层的腐蚀和冲刷腐蚀速率随介质温度升高而增大,400℃热处理降低镀层的腐蚀和冲刷腐蚀抗力。镀层在Na2S,HCl和H2SO4溶液中的腐蚀速率依次增大,在Na2S和H2SO4中发生均匀腐蚀,而在HCl溶液中则是局部腐蚀。在大气环境中,镀层的耐磨性不如高速钢基体。     

铝基复合材料的腐蚀与防护研究现状

对Cf/Al、SiC/Al、Al2O3/Al三种铝基复合材料的腐蚀研究现状和防护方法进行了讨论.Cf/Al复合材料以电偶腐蚀为主.SiC/Al 复合材料的腐蚀多发生在碳化硅纤维和铝基体的界面处,其原因是界面处的缝隙容易导致孔蚀和缝隙腐蚀,并最终可能造成表面剥层.Al2O3是绝缘体,与Al不存在电偶腐蚀,同SiC/Al和C/Al等相比具有更高的耐腐蚀性.目前提高铝基复合材料的防腐蚀性能的方法,主要包括铝基复合材料表面阳极氧化防护膜、表面化学钝化防护膜、其他表面涂镀层、增强体表面涂层、基体合金化等.最后展望铝基复合材料腐蚀与防护的研究和发展.     

Al—Zn热浸镀层在H2S—NaCl—H2O体系中的腐蚀行为

采用表面钝化助镀法进行热浸镀,获得了55％Al－Zn镀层。研究了溶液温度、H2S浓度、NaCl浓度、pH值及试验时间对55％Al－Zn镀层在H2S－NaCl－H2O体系中的腐蚀行为。分析了镀层腐蚀前后的表面组织形貌及腐蚀产物,阐述了镀层的腐蚀机理。结果表明,55％Al－Zn镀层具有Zn镀层的电化学保护作用,其耐蚀性是镀锌钢的2－3倍,是风Q235的10－11倍。     

Ni-W-P-SiC脉冲复合镀层的腐蚀形貌研究

在四种腐蚀溶液中对Ni-W-P-SiC脉冲复合镀层进行浸泡试验,利用光学显微镜对镀层腐蚀后的表面形貌进行了分析。9天的浸泡试验结果表明,经400℃热处理的镀层在各种腐蚀介质中腐蚀后的表面形貌变化比镀态镀层小;镀层在HCl溶液中的腐蚀属于点蚀,在H2SO4、H3PO4和FeCl3溶液中的腐蚀属于缝隙腐蚀。     

双脉冲Ni-Al2 O3复合镀层在氯化物盐膜下的腐蚀

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪(EDX)对双脉冲法制备的几种Ni-Al2O3复合镀层经高温氧化后的形貌和物相进行分析.结果表明,复合镀层在NaCl的盐膜下均发生了加速腐蚀,表面腐蚀膜疏松且与基体的粘附性较差;Al2O3微粒能细化镀层晶粒,提高镀层的高温抗腐蚀能力,在试验范围内,镀层中的Al2O3微粒含量越高,镀层腐蚀速度越低,并对复合镀层在NaCl的盐膜下的腐蚀机制进行了探讨.     

Al2O3-TiC/1Cr18Ni9Ti扩散焊接头应力分布

用有限元方法计算了Al2O3-TiC／1Cr18Ni9Ti扩散焊接头的应力分布,研究了加热温度、压力和中间层对应力分布的影响。结果表明,残余轴向应力和剪切应力在试样边缘处梯度都较大,靠近中心轴,应力分布比较均匀,最大剪切应力出现在Al2O3-TiC／中间层界面处。在扩散焊冷却过程中,Al2O3-TiC／1Cr18Ni9Ti扩散焊接头最大轴向拉应力先是出现在边缘陶瓷侧,随着温度的降低,逐渐向试样中心靠近,应力值也逐渐增大。加热温度越低,轴向压应力越大。压力越大,最大轴向拉应力越小,压应力越大,但压力对剪切应力的影响较小。使用Ti-Cu-Ti复合中间层比使用Ti中间层可降低最大轴向压府力和最大前切府力。     

Al2O3-TiC/Q235真空扩散钎焊界面组织及抗剪强度

为了获得Al2O3-TiC陶瓷基复合材料与Q235钢的接头,采用Ti/Cu/Ti复合中间层对Al2O3-TiC复合材料与Q235低碳钢进行了真空扩散钎焊。通过扫描电镜、能谱分析和电子探针、抗剪试验等测试方法对Al2O3-TiC/Q235扩散钎焊界面的组织、成分及结合强度进行分析。结果表明,控制加热温度为1110℃,可获得界面抗剪强度122MPa的Al2O3-TiC/Q235扩散钎焊接头,Ti/Cu/Ti复合中间层与Al2O3-TiC和Q235润湿性较好,并发生一定程度的扩散反应,在Al2O3-TiC与Q235之间形成厚度约80μm的界面过渡区,过渡区内形成的组织结构主要是Ti3AlC2,Fe2Ti,Cu和TiC。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.